Antioxidant Properties of Seven Cultivated and Natural Edible Seaweed Extracts from Taiwan

Seven species of cultivated and edible seaweeds found in Southern Taiwan—including Enteromorpha intestinalis, Monostorma nitidum, Ulva lactuca, Dictyopteris undulata, Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense, Laurencia intermedia, and Porphyra dentate—were used to determine their antioxidant activity by different extraction methods. All seaweeds were extracted using water at 90°C, sterilization at 121°C, homogenization, or enzymatic hydrolysis. Extracts were evaluated for their free radical-scavenging capacity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH), their reducing power, and their superoxide anion scavenging activity. The DPPH-scavenging capacity of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense extracts produced by sterilization (98.59%), homogenization (94.72%), and carbohydrate-degrading enzyme treatment was higher than that of protease extracts, except for U. lactuca. The reducing power of S. hemiphyllum var. chinense water extracts and M. nitidum Viscozyme extracts was better than that of a commercial antioxidant. S. hemiphyllum var. chinense exhibited higher superoxide anion scavenging activity than the other species. The results demonstrate that different extracts of some of the seaweeds showed remarkable antioxidant activity in different assays. The results also provide important information for the marine food industry and suggest that seaweed might be a valuable source of natural antioxidants.     

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Marine Algae-Extracts From Korea

Among 51 marine algae distributed along the Korean coast, Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, Ishige okamurae Yendo, Ecklonia cava Kjellman, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey, Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, Sargassm micracanthum (Kutzing) Endlicher, and Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agarch were found to have potent antioxidant activity. Additionally, the reducing power of marine algae-extracts was consistent with diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Because little is known about Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, Ishige okamurae Yendo, Ecklonia cava Kjellman, Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey, Dictyopteris undulata Holmes, Sargassm micracanthum (Kutzing) Endlicher, and Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agarch, these marine algae may act as candidates for potent antioxidant food materials and are expected to have functional activity for foods and pharmaceuticals for treating oxidative diseases.     

Biochemical Properties and Stability of Antioxidative Activity of Half-Fin Anchovy (Setipinna taty) Fermented Product

The aim of this work was to investigate the biochemical properties of fermented product of half-fin anchovy (HAFP; Setipinna taty) made by Natto bacillus fermentation—including molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, solubility, foaming, and emulsifying profiles. Furthermore, the influences of thermal processing, pH alteration, and in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on the antioxidative stability of HAFP in terms of the scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazayl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. Results showed that HAFP contained small peptides (< 1,500 Da) and free amino acids. The amounts of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids were 155.219 and 178.636 mg/g of dry HAFP, respectively. Moreover, HAFP contained high levels of antioxidative and hydrophobic amino acids. In suitable pH values, HAFP exhibited good solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The antioxidative activity of HAFP on the scavenging DPPH radical increased after thermal processing. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of HAFP was enhanced slightly or dramatically after being treated under pH values from 3 to 6, or in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. It can be concluded that HAFP could have potential application in foods as a natural antioxidative ingredient.     

Protein Hydrolysates from Shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) Head Waste: Optimization of Extraction Conditions by Response Surface Methodology

Utilization of shrimp head waste from the processing industry offers a solution to environmental pollution and also produces valuable bioactive peptides. The present study was aimed to optimize the alcalase assisted extraction conditions by response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain protein hydrolysates from shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsoni) head waste with maximum antioxidant activity. Based on the models derived by RSM, the optimized conditions for maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) were pH 8.2, temperature of 45.4°C, and enzyme/substrate (E/S) of 1.8%. Meanwhile, the optimized conditions for maximum antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates as measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrozyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were pH 8.2 and 8.1, temperatures of 49.7 and 59.4°C, and E/S of 2.1 and 2.7%, respectively. The maximum predicted values for DH, DPPH, and FRAP were 42.44%, 39.64% inhibition, and 8.3 μM Fe (II)/g wet wt. of sample, respectively. The extraction of protein hydrolysates at optimal conditions derived by these models resulted in DH, DPPH, and FRAPs of 40.31%, 38.93%, and 8.21 μM Fe (II)/g of sample, respectively, demonstrating the fitness of the models. The present study demonstrates the potential of Metapenaeus dobsoni head waste as a source of protein hydrolysates with prospective antioxidant activity.     

甲鱼蛋白抗氧化肽的中性蛋白酶酶解条件优化

采用甲鱼蛋白为原料制备抗氧化活性肽,以DPPH(1,1 二苯基 2 三硝基苯肼)清除率和DH(水解度)为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化了中性蛋白酶酶解甲鱼蛋白制备抗氧化肽的酶解条件。结果表明: 温度5065℃,酶解pH值748,加酶量29%时, DPPH清除率最高,为(8556±152)%,对应的水解度为(768±052)%。     

Crocin and geniposide profiles and radical scavenging activity of gardenia fruits (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation

The major components of gardenia fruits are geniposide and water soluble pigment crocins. In this study, we investigate crocins and geniposide profiles of gardenia fruits from different cultivars and at the various stages of maturation. DPPH scavenging activity of gardenia fruits from different cultivars and at the various stages of fruit maturation was also assayed. Quantitative determination of crocins in the gardenia at the various stages of maturation revealed a significant increase when ripening. However, geniposide content was negatively correlated with ripening stages. A significant difference was observed when comparing crocin content of different gardenia from various cultivars and geniposide content also showed marked variety. Current study indicated no relationship between crocin and geniposide content in gardenia fruits at the various stages of maturation and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Data showed that, although crocins feature markedly less DPPH scavenging activity than gardenia ethanol extract, total crocin content of gardenias collected in various cultivars correlate, to a certain degree, with radical scavenging effects of the Chinese traditional medicine (r = 0.75).     

桑枝皮多糖的提取及组成成分与体外生物活性分析

为了更好地发掘桑枝皮的药用价值,采用热水浸提法从桑枝皮中分离提取多糖,其得率达到28.5%。采用薄层层析(TLC)法和非衍生化高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析桑枝皮多糖的组成成分,初步推定桑枝皮多糖为一种杂多糖,由鼠李糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等单糖组成。桑枝皮多糖的体外生物活性试验显示其具有较强的对DPPH自由基的清除能力(IC50为1.7mg/mL)和对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性(IC50为0.298mg/mL)。上述结果提示桑枝皮多糖是降血糖和抗氧化的天然药物资源。     

胡卢巴抗氧化成分提取方法研究

本研究探讨提取胡卢巴抗氧化成分的方法,旨在为胡卢巴的保健效用及其开发利用提供基本资料。采用乙酸乙酯、丙酮、水、乙醇、乙醚等溶剂,结合超声波处理从胡卢巴中提取抗氧化成分,对各种提取物设置不同的浓度梯度,分别测定清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力、对羟自由基的清除作用、抗膜质过氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除能力,以及测定总黄铜和总酚的含量。结果表明:5种溶剂提取的成分中,乙酸乙酯提取物的超氧阴离子自由基的清除率最高;乙醚提取物的羟自由基清除率最高;丙酮提取物的抗膜质过氧化能力最强;水提取物的DPPH自由基清除率最高;乙酸乙酯提取物的总黄酮测定结果最高;乙醚提取物的总酚浓度最高。     

无梗五加果肉及其叶清除DPPH自由基能力初探

探讨无梗五加非药用部位抗氧化能力,为综合利用提供依据。采用体外DPPH自由基清除系统测定。无梗五加的果肉及叶粗提物及其相应组分均有不同程度抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取组分的抗氧化活性显著,且叶的抗氧化活性大于果肉。     

山奈不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除作用

[目的]为山奈的综合利用和新型天然抗氧化剂的开发提供理论依据。[方法]山奈干燥粉碎后,用石油醚索氏抽提脱脂,以95%乙醇为溶剂,超声提取得山奈粗提物。粗提物依次用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和重蒸水萃取,分别得到乙酸乙酯提取物（EAK）、正丁醇提取物（BK）和水提取物（WK）。用清除DPPH自由基法测试山奈不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。[结果]对0.081mg/mlDPPH自由基清除率为50%时,山奈的乙酸乙酯提取物（EAK）、正丁醇提取物（BK）和水提取物（WK）的使用浓度分别为5.48、1.10、10.02mg/ml,3种提取物对自由基的清除能力（DPPH质量/提取物质量）分别为14.78、73.64、8.08。[结论]山奈正丁醇提取物对自由基的清除效果最好。