苦荞麦苗黄酮类化合物清除二苯代苦味酰肼自由基的作用

为了研究苦荞麦苗黄酮提取物的抗氧化性,以70%乙醇为溶剂提取苦荞麦苗黄酮类化舍物,并以抗坏血酸(Vc)和VE为对照品,采用DPPH清除率测定法对苦荞麦苗黄酮提取物进行了研究.结果:苦荞麦苗黄酮提取物具有较强的抗氧化作用,在其浓度为46.674 μg/mL时其清除率可迭70.07%,显著高于相同浓度下的VC和VE的清除率.表明,苦荞麦苗黄酮提取物是一种有前途的天然抗氧化剂.     

麻栎橡子抗氧化及抗糖尿病活性的试验研究

通过在紫外285nm处测定抗氧化活性物质（蛋白质、芳族胺、酚类等化合物）的含量,在450nm处测定类胡萝卜素的含量,采用DPPH法测定不同溶剂橡子提取物的自由基消除能力,测定羟自由基消除活性及橡子提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,研究麻栎橡子抗氧化活性及抗糖尿病活性。结果表明：70%甲醇提取物中的抗氧化活性物质含量最高,而水提取物中最少;70%甲醇提取物和70%乙醇提取物的类胡萝卜素含量较高;70%甲醇提取物的DPPH自由基的消除能力最强;橡子的水提取物对羟自由基的清除作用最强;甲醇提取物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率较高。说明麻栎橡子具有抗氧化活性和抗糖尿病作用。     

山楂叶总黄酮清除DPPH和超氧阴离子自由基的活性研究

以山楂秋日落叶为原料,70%乙醇为溶剂,提取得到山楂叶总黄酮。以芦丁和VC为对照,采用分光光度法研究了山楂叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的体外清除活性。结果表明,山楂叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均具有一定的清除作用。对DPPH自由基的清除率随加入量的增加而增加,当加入量为2 mg时,清除率为50.29%;而对超氧阴离子自由基的清除在加入量为1.2 mg时达到最高值27.36%。芦丁对二自由基的最高清除率分别为63.83%和32.55%;而VC则分别为69.93%和99.04%。经比较发现,山楂叶总黄酮的清除自由基活性稍低于芦丁,远低于VC。     

三种海藻抑菌活性和抗氧化活性

以药敏纸片扩散法检测3种大型海藻鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)和海带(Laminaria japonica)提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用,以DPPH清除自由基方法检测3种海藻提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明,3种海藻提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌均有较显著抑制作用,且以鼠尾藻正丁醇提取物的抑菌效果最佳;鼠尾藻提取物抗氧化能力较强,其中乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性比石油醚和正丁醇提取物强。     

Carotenoids,Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols Contribute to the Antioxidative Properties of Some Microalgae Species Grown on Industrial Wastewater

This study aimed at investigating the potential of microalgae species grown on industrial waste water as a new source of natural antioxidants. Six microalgae from different classes, including Phaeodactylum sp. (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae), Chlorella sp., Dunaniella sp., and Desmodesmus sp. (Chlorophyta), were screened for their antioxidant properties using different in vitro assays. Natural antioxidants, including pigments, phenolics, and tocopherols, were measured in methanolic extracts of microalgae biomass. Highest and lowest concentrations of pigments, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols were found in Desmodesmus sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornuotom microalgae species, respectively. The results of each assay were correlated to the content of natural antioxidants in microalgae biomass. Phenolic compounds were found as major contributors to the antioxidant activity in all antioxidant tests while carotenoids were found to contribute to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferrous reduction power (FRAP), and ABTS-radical scavenging capacity activity. Desmodesmus sp. biomass represented a potentially rich source of natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids (lutein), tocopherols, and phenolic compounds when cultivated on industrial waste water as the main nutrient source.     

彩色小麦色素的光谱及抗氧化特性

国内外对彩色小麦色素作了一定的开发研究,但彩色小麦清除二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基的研究还很少。本文研究彩色籽粒色素的光谱及抗氧化特性,通过以普通小麦（中国春）和抗坏血酸为对照,用DPPH法测定黑粒小麦,蓝粒小麦,紫粒小麦,红粒小麦,白粒小麦色素的抗氧化、清除自由基的能力,其随着各种小麦色素浓度的提高,其抗氧化、清除自由基的能力也相应地提高。各种彩色小麦色素粗提物具有量效关系的抗氧化活性,其清除自由基能力大于普通小麦,但小于抗坏血酸,其中黑粒小麦色素清除自由基的能力最强。普通小麦、黑粒小麦、蓝粒小麦、紫粒小麦、红粒小麦、白粒小麦和Vc清除50% DPPH自由基的有效浓度（EC50）分别为188.27、54.26、76.22、94.05、126.24、110.04、0.139,其自由基清除能力AE分别为0.53×10-2、1.84×10-2、1.31×10-2、1.06×10-2、0.79×10-2、0.91×10-2、719×10-2。结果表明随着小麦种皮颜色的加深其色素粗提物清除自由基的能力就越强,这都为进一步研究、开发和利用彩色小麦的色素奠定理论基础。     

Antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities and chemical profiles of Polygonum sachalinensis F.Schmidt ex Maxim (Polygonaceae)

Polygonum sachalinensis is a widespread invasive plant in Europe. Chemical profiles of its different organs were studied by HPLC-UV-ESI/MS. Seven major constituents quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside, lapathoside D, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, lapathoside C, hydropiperoside, and vanicoside B were isolated and identified. The free radical-scavenging, α/β-glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of crude MeOH extracts and isolated compounds were studied. The structure–activity relationships were discussed. The chemical profiles revealed flavonoids and phenylpropanoids are the major compounds of all the organs of this plant. Quercetin-3-O-arabinopyranoside, lapathoside D, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, lapathoside C and hydropiperoside were isolated from this species for the first time. In the α-glucosidase bioassay, quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, lapathoside D and N-trans-feruloyltyramine demonstrated stronger activities than the positive reference acarbose. The trend in scavenging power showed no relation to enzyme inhibition in the test models.     

Variation in DPPH scavenging activity and major volatile oil components of cassumunar ginger, Zingiber montanum (Koenig), in response to water deficit and light intensity

Cassumunar ginger, Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr. (Zingiberaceae), is called Phlai in Thailand. The current study investigates the levels of antioxidant activity and major volatile oil components in cassumunar ginger exposed to varying water deficits (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days before harvest) and light intensities (100%, 50% and 25% sunlight). A 120-day water deficit resulted in high volatile oil content and increased sabinene content, but DPPH scavenging activity was not affected. The quantity of volatile oil in the cassumunar ginger exposed to a 120-day water deficit was almost twice that of both the control and the sample exposed to a 30-day deficit. The highest terpinen-4-ol content was obtained after a 60-day water deficit, and (E)-1-(3′,4′-dimethoxyphenyl) butadiene content tended to decrease with prolonged water deficiency. The antioxidant activities of cassumunar ginger were 52.98%, 41.75% and 42.93% in plants grown at 100%, 50%, and 25% sunlight, respectively. Light intensity of 50% or 25% increased the biomass of cassumunar ginger but decreased the volatile oil content; antioxidant activity was not significantly affected.     

我国86种药食两用植物的抗氧化活性及其与总酚的相关性分析

【目的】筛选具有抗氧化功能的食品原料,以期开发中国药食两用植物资源。【方法】应用Folin-Cio-calteu法、铝盐显色法、铁离子还原能力法(Ferric-reducing/antioxidant power,FRAP)和DPPH自由基分析法,对86种药食两用植物的总抗氧化能力、总酚含量、黄酮含量及清除DPPH自由基能力进行了比较研究。【结果】86种药食两用植物材料的总抗氧化能力具有很大差异,其与总酚含量有显著的相关性(R2=0.933 3),其中青果、丁香、诃子肉、丹参、红景天、花椒、金荞麦、槐花等8种药食两用植物表现出较强的总抗氧化能力(FRAP值>2.35 mmol/g,DPPH清除率>85%),并具有较高的总酚含量(>85 mg/g)及黄酮含量(>30 mg/g)。【结论】药食两用植物材料总酚含量是初步筛选其抗氧化能力的一个重要指标,且筛选出的8种药食两用植物材料能够用于抗氧化功能性食品的研制。     

桉叶抗氧化物的提取与抗氧化性质研究

以广林9号桉叶粉为材料,通过单因素和正交实验,确定最佳提取条件为50％乙醇、料液比1：20、50℃提取1h;抗氧化稳定性研究表明：光照、空气和温度对提取物抗氧化活性均有较大的影响,而pH值对其影响较小;对酚类物质的含量进行测定,表明提取物中酚类物质的含量与抗氧化效果成正相关;以有机溶剂对上述提取物进行萃取,抗氧化效果为正丁醇萃取物〉乙酸乙酯萃取物〉水萃取物〉石油醚萃取物;然后比较了不同浓度乙醇作为洗脱剂对正丁醇萃取物分离的影响,以50％和70％乙醇洗脱成分活性最强。