一种应用LORF11同源子鉴别诊断鸭瘟病毒的PCR方法

为建立一种鉴别诊断鸭瘟病毒的PCR方法,根据已发表的8株鸭瘟病毒株的长区开放阅读框(LORF11)等位基因序列,在其开放阅读框等位基因的上游5 bp和下游101 bp的位置设计1对特异性引物。应用这对引物对鸭瘟病毒LH2011株、v2085株、VAC株、Clone-03株DNA进行PCR扩增,分别获得了4 448 bp、3 277bp、934 bp和2 518 bp的特异性条带。此PCR方法特异性强,敏感性高,可检测到10TCID50或0.1LD50的鸭瘟病毒。在感染鸭瘟病毒的组织(肝脏)中均能检测到鸭瘟病毒DNA。对疑似鸭瘟的临床病料的检测结果也证明,建立的PCR方法不仅能够鉴别样品是否感染了鸭瘟病毒,而且能鉴别感染的鸭瘟病毒的来源。     

咸鸭蛋蛋清微滤脱盐工艺研究

采用稀释结合匀浆的方法以降低咸鸭蛋蛋清的粘度,再利用微滤法对其进行脱盐淡化处理.以咸鸭蛋蛋清液粘度为指标,通过单因素试验、正交试验确定最优前处理工艺,结果表明：咸鸭蛋蛋清脱盐淡化前处理最优工艺条件为：料液比1∶4,匀浆时间120 s,匀浆转速12000 r/min,在此条件下,咸鸭蛋蛋清混合液粘度为9 mPa·s,粒度为24 μm.以微滤脱盐率为指标,通过单因素试验、正交试验确定最优处理工艺,结果表明：微滤压差0.12 NPa,微滤4次,微滤时间120 min,在此条件下,咸鸭蛋蛋清脱盐率达92.43％,蛋白质截留率78.5％.     

番鸭细小病毒VP3基因的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

为获得针对番鸭细小病毒VP3蛋白的多克隆抗体,根据已发表的该病毒基因序列设计一对引物,利用PCR扩增出VP3基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体p ET-32a,转化感受态细胞BL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白。将重组蛋白切胶免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备抗番鸭细小病毒部分结构蛋白的多克隆抗体。结果显示成功获得VP3基因,构建的原核表达重组质粒成功表达预期的重组蛋白,免疫小鼠获得的多克隆抗体能与番鸭细小病毒及VP3蛋白反应。表明制备的多克隆抗体可用于MDPV的检测,并为进一步研究MDPV奠定了基础。     

盐水鸭中挥发性风味物质研究进展

盐水鸭因具有独特的风味和较高的营养价值而深受消费者喜爱。挥发性化合物,如脂类及其降解产物,对盐水鸭特征风味的形成具有重要作用。从盐水鸭肉所含的主要挥发性风味成分、挥发性成分的测定方法、加工工艺对挥发性风味物质的影响3个方面综述了近年来盐水鸭特征香味物质的研究进展。     

巢湖麻鸭MSTN基因单核苷酸多态性与体重和屠体性状的关联分析

应用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)的方法,检测巢湖麻鸭公母群体共144只个体MSTN基因外显子3和内含子2的SNPs位点,分析SNPs与8周龄体重、12周龄体重和屠宰性能(胸肌率、腿肌率)的关联性。结果表明,在外显子3（6375 bp）检测到G/A突变,形成3种基因型,分别为AA、AB和BB型,公鸭群体中AA型胸肌率显著高于BB型 (P<0.05);母鸭中AB型胸肌率显著高于AA型和BB型 (P<0.05), AA型腿肌率显著高于BB型(P<0.05);各基因型间体重差异不显著(P>0.05)。内含子2（5264 bp）检测到T/C突变,产生的3种基因型分别为DD、DE和EE型,各基因型间体重和屠宰性能差异均不显著(P>0.05); 合并基因型结果显示,ABDD型母鸭胸肌率显著高于AADD型(P<0.05)并且极显著高于AAEE型和BBDD型(P<0.01),ABDD型母鸭腿肌率显著高于BBDD型母鸭(P<0.05);公鸭在各周龄体重上均显著或极显著高于母鸭,但在屠宰性能上普遍显著低于母鸭。综合以上研究结果,巢湖麻鸭公鸭早期生长速度快于母鸭,母鸭ABDD基因型表现出较高的屠宰性能。     

双乙酸钠在肉鸭日粮中的添饲效果试验

选用1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭600只,随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每个重复50只肉鸭,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计。A组饲喂基础日粮,B组、C组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加0.2%、0.4%的双乙酸钠。试验结果表明:日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重、瘦肉率有显著影响(P<0.05);对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);对肉鸭的成活率和屠宰率、皮脂率无显著影响(P>0.05)。B组日增重比A组提高了8.65%(P<0.05),比C组提高了5.45%(P>0.05);B组料肉比较A组降低了11.52%(P<0.01),较C组降低了3.29%(P<0.05);B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利1.04元、1.06元。     

Characterization of MicroRNA* Species in Peking Duck Skin

A substantial fraction of miRNA* species are conserved in animals and can repress activities of target genes. This study aims to investigate the miRNA* species in duck skin by using Solexa sequencing. We obtained a total of 96 miRNA* species in two skin small RNA libraries and identified 56 miRNA/miRNA* (miR/miR*) pairs. Nucleotide bias of miRNA* indicated that the priority was C>A>U>G for the first nucleotide and U>C>A>G for the last nucleotide. Comparison analyses showed that 3′-U accounted for a higher proportion in the 56 miR/miR* pairs. Among the top 20 expressed miRNA* species, 17 were shared by two libraries and most of the miRNA* species were highly conservative, especially in the “seed region”. miR-199a* were expressed highly in our samples, which was also previously shown abundant in mouse hair follicle. Furthermore, four miRNA* species were predicted to target their genes in signal pathways of feather follicle development and feather morphogenesis despite very low levels.     

野生水禽鸭瘟病毒的分离与鉴定

取急性死亡的某动物园野生水禽进行病毒分离,通过鸡(鸭)胚接种、动物回归试验、病毒主要理化特性测定、免疫预防试验等证实分离株为鸭瘟病毒,揭示野生水禽完全有自然感染鸭瘟的可能性,家鸭与野生水禽在相互间传播鸭瘟病毒上具有双向性.     

甜菜碱对1至21日龄肉鸭体脂重分配的作用效果及机理

通过饲养、屠宰试验和有关指标分析,探讨了甜菜碱对21 日龄肉鸭体脂重分配的作用效果及其对脂肪代谢的作用机理。276 只1 日龄樱桃谷肉鸭分成对照组和甜菜碱组两个处理,每个处理138只,每组设3 个重复,每个重复组46 只肉鸭,公母各半。基础饲粮相同(甲硫氨酸和总含硫氨基酸含量分别为0.30% 和0.66% ),对照组饲喂不含甜菜碱的日粮,甜菜碱组饲喂含800 m g/kg 甜菜碱的日粮。肉鸭饲喂到21 日龄时称重、屠宰。结果表明,甜菜碱对21 日龄肉鸭体脂具有显著的重分配作用,它分别降低了鸭的腹脂率、皮脂厚和肝脏粗脂肪含量,提高了鸭胸肌中粗脂肪含量和肌间脂肪的厚度。肝脏、肌肉、腹脂和血清样品分析结果揭示,甜菜碱似通过降低脂肪生成酶的活性(P< 0.01),来提高脂肪分解酶的活力,促进肉碱的合成,加强肝脏、尤其是肌肉组织中长链脂肪酸的β-氧化作用,从而发挥着重新分配肉鸭体脂肪的作用。     

Lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

We histologically examined lectin binding patterns in the olfactory bulb of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) using 21 biotinylated lectins. Positive staining for the N‐acetylglucosamine‐specific lectins (Bandeiraea simplicifolia II, Datura stramonium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum vulgare), galactose or N‐acetylgalactosamine‐specific lectins (Artocarpus intergrifolia, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, Ricus communis) and the mannose‐specific lectins (Lens culinaris and Pisum sativum) was observed in the olfactory nerve and glomerular layers. Canavalia ensiformis staining showed a similar pattern to that obtained with the lectins and there was also faint staining in the mitral cells. Olfactory nerve axons terminate in the glomeruli, where they make excitatory synapses with the dendrites of mitral cells. This finding indicates that glycoconjugates that bind Canavalia ensiformis play an important role in formation of glomeruli. No positive staining for the other lectins was seen in the olfactory bulb. Based on these results, we conclude that cell surface sugar moieties of the olfactory bulb in mallard ducks express N‐acetylglucosamine and mannose residues rather than N‐acetylgalactosamine residues. The carbohydrate composition of mallard duck olfactory bulb differed from that of other vertebrates found in previous studies.