Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.     

不同太阳能干燥量对对虾干燥品质特性和能耗的影响

以南美白对虾为试材，研究了不同太阳能干燥量（1、2、3、4 kg）对南美白对虾干燥速率、水分活度、硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、色泽、收缩率、复水率等品质特性和干燥能耗的影响。结果表明，干燥量越大，干燥速率越慢，干燥时间越长；不同干燥量干燥初期，南美白对虾的水分活度变化不明显，不同干燥量间差异不明显，当干燥到一定程度（干燥到5 h时），不同干燥量下水分活度出现显著差异（P＜0.05）；干燥量为3 kg与4 kg 时，南美白对虾干燥产品咀嚼性分别为137.41 mJ和131.06 mJ，显著优于其他干燥量（P＜0.05）；不同干燥量条件下，南美白对虾干燥后的色泽变化趋势不明显；干燥量3 kg与4 kg，干燥后的南美白对虾收缩率分别为22%和21.2%，复水率分别为73.0%和76.5%，收缩率显著低于、复水率显著高于其他干燥量（P＜0.05）；干燥量为3 kg，干燥时间为7 h时，总干燥能耗最低，为10.25 kWh，显著低于其他处理（P＜0.05）。干燥量3~4 kg时，南美白对虾干燥产品的咀嚼性、色泽、收缩率、复水率等理化特性优于其他干燥量，干燥能耗低，适于干燥南美白对虾产品。     

Vitamin C in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) flower buds as affected by postharvest light,UV-B irradiation and temperature

In this study, the changes in vitamin C, l-ascorbic acid (AA) and l-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) levels in broccoli flower buds were examined during pre-storage and storage periods, simulating refrigerated transport with wholesale distribution and retail, respectively. Broccoli heads were pre-stored for 4 or 7 days at 0 °C or 4 °C in the dark and then stored for 3 days at 10 °C or 18 °C. During storage the broccoli heads were exposed for 12 h per day to three different levels of visible light (13, 19 or 25 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) or a combination of visible light (19 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and UV-B irradiation (20 kJ m⁻² d⁻¹), or they were stored in the dark. The vitamin C content in broccoli flower buds during storage was significantly affected by pre-storage period and temperature. Higher vitamin C levels in flower buds after storage were observed for broccoli heads pre-stored for 4 days or at 0 °C as compared to those pre-stored for 7 days or at 4 °C. Storage temperature also affected vitamin C in broccoli flower buds, with higher levels observed for broccoli stored at 10 °C than at 18 °C. Hence, vitamin C in broccoli flower buds was demonstrated to decrease together with increasing pre-storage period, pre-storage temperature and storage temperature. AA in broccoli flower buds was influenced mainly by storage temperature and to a minor extent by pre-storage temperature. The DHA level and DHA/AA ratio were stable in flower buds of broccoli pre-stored for 7 days, whereas increasing tendencies for both DHA level and ratio were observed after pre-storage for 4 days. These results indicate a shift in the ascorbate metabolism in broccoli flower buds during storage at low temperatures, with its higher rate observed for broccoli pre-stored for shorter time. There were no effects of the light and UV-B irradiation treatments on vitamin C, AA and DHA levels in broccoli flower buds.     

塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土阳离子交换量分布特征及影响因素

【目的】研究塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土CEC的分布状况及影响因素。 了解不同类型盐土土壤特性及肥力状况,为新疆南疆干旱区盐土改良利用提供理论依据。【方法】以阿拉尔绿洲草甸盐土(MeS)、沼泽盐土(MaS)、残余盐土(ReS)、洪积盐土(PrS)、棕漠林盐土(DeS)5种典型盐土为对象,研究该流域不同类型盐土阳离子交换量(CEC)的剖面分布规律,分析盐土CEC的影响因素,并利用灰色关联法对盐土CEC与土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了量化。【结果】该区盐土CEC在2.02～25.54 cmol/kg,平均值为12.39 cmol/kg,CEC随剖面深度的变化规律各类型盐土有所不同,不同类型盐土CEC大小依次为MeS> ReS > DeS > PrS > MaS。粘粒是干旱区盐土CEC的主要来源;pH、CaCO₃、盐基总量(TEB)和碱化度(BSP)与盐土CEC呈极显著正相关,是盐土CEC的主要影响因素,其中CaCO₃对盐土CEC的贡献不容忽视;盐土有机质(SOM)含量极低,对盐土CEC未表现出显著性影响;交换性钙饱和度(CaSP)、交换性镁饱和度(MgSP)及交换性钾饱和度(KSP)对盐土CEC有显著的抑制作用。【结论】塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土CEC有显著差异,不同类型盐土保肥、供肥及缓冲性能不同。pH、CaCO₃、TEB和ESP是CEC主要贡献因子,SOM对盐土CEC无显著的影响。     

玉米叶片表皮蜡质相关性状的全基因组关联分析

为发掘玉米叶片表皮蜡质合成与调控相关基因，以218份由温带、亚热带和热带自交系组成的关联群体为材料，在原阳对其3个生物学重复叶片表皮挂水能力进行调查，利用1.25 M覆盖玉米全基因组的SNPs进行Q、K和Q+K这3种模型下的全基因组关联分析。结果表明，Q模型较K模型和Q+K模型能更好地评价叶片表皮的挂水能力。Q模型下，共检测到88个覆盖玉米9条染色体的显著SNPs（P ≤ 2.04E-6），88个SNPs分布于47个QTLs内，单个QTL可解释13.6%~45.6%的叶片挂水能力表型变异，47个QTL内共有97个候选基因，其中，77个具有功能注释。位于第2染色体上的转录因子NAC77（GRMZM2G018436）和第3条染色体上的亚油酸酯氧合酶（GRMZM2G156861）编码基因，是叶片表皮蜡质性状的重要候选基因。     

2种保鲜处理对草莓的贮藏效果研究

为解决草莓采后果实腐烂变质问题,将草莓置于甘草提取液、乳酸钙溶液、蒸馏水中浸泡1 min,取出晾干后常温贮藏,比较3组草莓失重率、腐烂率、可溶性糖、维生素C含量、超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性的变化。与对照组相比,贮藏7天后,甘草提取液组草莓失重率降低34.72%、腐烂率降低31.56%、可溶性糖含量提高99.10%、维生素C含量提高154.55%、超氧化物歧化酶SOD活性提高206.24%,乳酸钙处理和甘草提取液保鲜效果没有显著差异(P>0.05)。实验期内,2种处理方法均可提高草莓保鲜效果。     

硒对母猪氧化应激及其后代抗氧化能力的营养调控研究

硒作为的重要微量元素之一,可以通过胎盘和乳组织进行转移。仔猪可以从乳汁中获取硒源,提高硒含量,进而提高仔猪的初生重。同时,硒也能够调节母猪妊娠期间代谢速度,控制妊娠期自由基产生,进而提高胎盘输送营养功能。文章从母猪氧化应激体系角度来解析硒对母猪妊娠期氧化应激的调控机制、硒对哺乳母猪生产性能的调控作用。     

Cross‐linked polyacrylates in post‐mining substrates: persistence and effects on plant growth

Application of hydrophilic polymers composed of cross‐linked polyacrylate can improve soil water‐holding capacity and accelerate the restoration of post‐mining substrates. In this work, we studied the persistence of a polyacrylate polymer incorporated into a soil and its impact on plant nutrients at a reclamation site of former lignite mining in Lusatia (Germany). In contrast to autumn application, the incorporation of the polymer enhanced the sequestration of plant‐derived carbon in the soil, which was reflected by a significant increase in the concentration of a lignin marker. Attenuated total reflexion–Fourier transform infrared spectra (ATR‐FTIR) and total elemental contents in the applied polymer suggested an intensive cation exchange between the polymer framework and the soil‐forming substrate. In addition, there was an enrichment of carbonaceous material, which seems to reduce the swelling and thus the water‐holding capacity of the cross‐linked polyacrylate. Conversely, this process protected the polymer structure from rapid decomposition.     

乡村旅游环境承载力概念探讨

近年来乡村旅游的兴起以及旅游业的空前繁荣,使人们的环境意识日益增强,人们开始探讨旅游环境承载力,但是少有人研究特定乡村旅游环境承载力,通过对现有旅游环境承载力研究的分析,提出乡村旅游环境承载力概念。