西方马脑炎病毒TaqMan MGB荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

通过RT-PCR从西方马脑炎病毒(WEEV)中扩增得到1 317bp特异的保守序列,将其克隆到pMD-20T载体中,进行体外转录,制备标准品cRNA。以10倍比稀释的cRNA为模板,进行TaqMan MGB荧光定量RT-PCR扩增并制作标准曲线,建立了WEEV荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。对建立的方法进行了特异性和敏感性试验。结果表明,建立的荧光定量RT-PCR方法最低可检测10拷贝的cRNA;且与马鼻肺炎病毒(EHV-1)、马动脉炎病毒(EAV)、马流感病毒(EIV,H3N8)、西尼罗病毒(WNV)、东方马脑炎病毒(EEEV)和日本脑炎病毒(JEV)不发生交叉反应。与常规RT-PCR相比,该方法更加快速,特异性和敏感性更高,灵敏度为常规RT-PCR方法的100倍。     

猪瘟病毒和猪细小病毒检测基因芯片的构建

本试验克隆猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)和猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PV)各自病毒基因保守序列,提取质粒中的模板、扩增纯化作为探针,应用微量点样技术将探针固定在硝酸纤维素膜上,制备诊断基因芯片;同时对制备的基因芯片进行有效性监控和特异性、重复性的质量控制;然后提取样品核酸,PCR扩增并用生物素标记,并将所获得的扩增产物与诊断基因芯片进行特异性的逆向点杂交,最后通过芯片扫描来实现对病原的高效检测和分析判断。试验结果表明病料中抽提的核酸与芯片杂交的信号为阳性且较明显,说明制备的猪瘟病毒和猪细小病毒检测基因芯片有效性监控正常且两种病原的特异性和重复性均良好。     

猪流感病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

本研究选取猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)的NP基因序列设计引物和探针,建立了检测SIV的TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR方法。以梯度稀释的含有SIV目的扩增片段的质粒作为标准品,进行定量PCR反应以确定检测灵敏度。2.0×10⁸至2.0×10²拷贝/μL 7个数量级的范围内定量PCR有"S"型扩增曲线,检测灵敏度为20个拷贝/μL。根据病毒拷贝数与Ct值的关系绘制了标准曲线。该方法具有特异性,对猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、口蹄疫病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核酸都没有扩增反应。本研究建立的实时定量PCR方法,灵敏度高、特异性好,可以进行定量分析,在猪流感的快速检测上具有重要意义。     

皮毛中5种病毒基因芯片检测方法的研究

根据GenBank上蓝舌病病毒(BTV)、O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、山羊痘病毒(GPV)、绵羊痘病毒(SPPV)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)等5种病毒的特异性保守序列,分别设计多重荧光标记引物和相应寡核苷酸探针.使用芯片点样液稀释各探针至终浓度30μmol/L,点样制备11×11阵列芯片.核酸杂交后,建立并优化基因芯片检测方法.结果显示,使用470 mL/L甲酰胺杂交液,42℃摇转杂交4h为最佳基因芯片杂交条件.建立的基因芯片检测方法与伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)等无交叉反应,检测敏感性可达20拷贝病毒核酸.制备的基因芯片稳定,保存6个月可用.对151份临床样品进行基因芯片和商业化PCR试剂盒平行检测,两者的符合率为100％.     

几种动物病毒的基因芯片检测技术

分别用水疱性口炎病毒、蓝舌病病毒、口蹄疫病毒、猪瘟病毒、牛病毒性腹泻病毒、鹿流行性出血热病毒和赤羽病病毒各一段高度保守的基因片段构建质粒，在此基础上制备了芯片探针。提取样品中的核酸，经反转录和荧光标记后滴加到芯片上进行特异性杂交，对杂交结果扫描检测，可同时对上述7种动物传染病进行快速、准确的诊断，此方法敏感性高，特异性强，适合于大批动物高通量检疫。     

东部马脑脊髓炎病毒荧光RT-PCR检测技术及标准质控品制备研究

选取东部马脑脊髓炎病毒代表株进行序列比对分析,选择高度保守的区域,设计合成引物和Taq Man探针。对引物、探针浓度和反应条件进行优化,建立了东部马脑脊髓炎病毒荧光定量RT-PCR检测技术,实现了对东部马脑脊髓炎病毒的快速检测和鉴别。通过体外转录,制备了含有扩增区域核酸片段的东部马脑脊髓炎病毒核酸标准质控品cRNA,经稀释、分装定量、均匀性和稳定性检验后,作为方法的质控品对建立的方法进行评价,结果表明,应用建立的方法对阳性标准品的检测其灵敏度可达10eopies,对197份临床样品检测,表明建立的东部马脑脊髓炎荧光定量RT-PCR检测技术快速、敏感、特异。该方法的建立对该病的快速检测,及时采取相应防治措施、减少疫情散播有重要意义,也为动物及其产品的进出口检疫提供了一种可靠方法。     

基孔肯亚病毒和辛德毕斯病毒检测基因芯片的建立

根据GenBank中收录的基孔肯亚病毒和辛德毕斯病毒基因的保守序列,合成2种病毒E基因序列及引物,设计针对2种病毒的寡核苷酸探针,制备基孔肯亚病毒与辛德毕斯病毒特异性检测基因芯片,并对该芯片的灵敏性、特异性和重复性进行了验证。结果显示,所建立基因芯片检测方法的灵敏度是普通PCR方法的100倍。利用所制备的基因芯片,能检测到基孔肯亚病毒和辛德毕斯病毒特异性杂交信号,阴性对照病毒（基因Ⅰ型流行性乙型脑炎病毒,基因Ⅲ型流行性乙型脑炎病毒,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及流感病毒）均无杂交信号。本试验初步建立了基孔肯亚病毒与辛德毕斯病毒特异性基因芯片检测方法,该方法灵敏度高、特异性强,适用于基孔肯亚病毒与辛德毕斯病毒的流行病学调查和种特异性鉴定。     

基于重组酶介导等温扩增技术的羊口疮病毒核酸检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立羊口疮病毒(Orf virus,ORFV)核酸的快速检测方法，本研究根据ORFV B2L基因保守序列设计特异性引物，通过优化反应温度与时间初步建立了基于重组酶介导等温扩增技术(RAA)的ORFV检测方法。优化试验结果显示：该方法在37℃反应40 min检测效果最佳。采用该方法对ORFV、山羊痘病毒、O型和A型口蹄疫病毒、小反刍兽疫病毒、山羊副流感病毒3型等临床常见症状相似的病毒核酸检测，结果显示：该方法除对ORFV的检测结果为阳性外，对羊的其他病毒的检测结果均为阴性，特异性较强。将质粒标准品10倍倍比稀释(1×10⁹拷贝/μL～1×10⁰拷贝/μL)后为模板，利用本研究建立的RAA方法检测，结果显示：该方法对ORFV质粒标准品的最低检测限为1×10⁴拷贝/μL，敏感性较高。利用本研究建立的方法对95份临床样品(15份组织样品和80份血液样品)检测，结果显示：该RAA方法能够对临床样品快速检测，组织样品和血液样品的阳性率分别为33.33%(5/15)和6.25%(5/80)，该检测结果与普通PCR检测方法的符合率均为...     

牛纽布病毒TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

牛纽布病毒(bovine nebovirus, BNeV)是国内近几年发现的引起犊牛腹泻的新病原，为了建立快速、准确且能定量分析BNeV的检测方法，本试验根据GenBank上发布的BNeV聚合酶基因(RdRp)序列设计合成了1对特异性引物和1条探针，并通过优化反应体系，成功建立了BNeV TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法并对临床样品进行检测。结果表示，该方法最佳上下游引物浓度均为500 nmol/L,探针浓度为400 nmol/L,在1×10⁸～1×10¹拷贝/μL之间呈现良好的线性关系，线性相关系数R²=0.996,扩增效率为105.9%;该方法特异性较强，在多个犊牛腹泻相关病原中，只检测出BNeV;敏感性较高，对BNeV质粒标准品最低检测下限为1×10¹拷贝/μL,而普通PCR对BNeV质粒标准品最低检测下限为1×10³拷贝/μL;重复性较好，组内变异系数和组间变异系数均小于3%;对2021年3-5月采自内蒙古地区牧场的37份犊牛粪样中BNeV的检出率为35.1%,...     

环状病毒的流行与传播

环状病毒是牲畜常见的重要病原体,主要包括有蓝舌病病毒、非洲马瘟病毒、马器质性脑病病毒和流行性出血热病毒等。这些病毒能够通过吸血性的库蠓传播。本文主要介绍了这几种病毒在世界各地的流行与传播情况。     

4种重要虫媒病的核酸液相芯片高通量检测方法的建立

为建立可检测鹿流行性出血热病毒(EHDV)、阿卡斑病毒(AKV)、蓝舌病病毒(BTV)和水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)的液相芯片快速检测技术,用DNAStar软件对GenBank中BTV的VP7基因、EHDV的VP7基因、AKV的N基因和VSV的NP基因序列进行序列分析,设计针对这些基因的特异性探针并标记生物素,分别与不同编号的荧光编码微球偶联后再与这些病毒相应基因的PCR产物杂交反应,用液相芯片检测仪(Liquichip 200)检测荧光信号建立了以上4种虫媒病的快速液相芯片检测方法。检测结果显示,该方法具有较好的特异性,偶联特异性探针的微球只与相应的病毒基因的PCR产物反应,而不与其他虫媒病病毒反应;检测灵敏度达到50~100个TCID50。本研究建立了可以同时检测鹿流行性出血热病毒、阿卡斑病毒、蓝舌病病毒和水泡性口炎病毒的快速高通量液相芯片技术,为其他类似病毒的快速高通量检测提供了借鉴和经验。     

Seroepidemiology of Selected Alphaviruses and Flaviviruses in Bats in Trinidad

A serosurvey of antibodies against selected flaviviruses and alphaviruses in 384 bats (representing 10 genera and 14 species) was conducted in the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Sera were analysed using epitope‐blocking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) specific for antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), all of which are zoonotic viruses of public health significance in the region. Overall, the ELISAs resulted in the detection of VEEV‐specific antibodies in 11 (2.9%) of 384 bats. Antibodies to WNV and EEEV were not detected in any sera. Of the 384 sera, 308 were also screened using hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) for antibodies to the aforementioned viruses as well as St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV; which also causes epidemic disease in humans), Rio Bravo virus (RBV), Tamana bat virus (TABV) and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV). Using this approach, antibodies to TABV and RBV were detected in 47 (15.3%) and 3 (1.0%) bats, respectively. HIA results also suggest the presence of antibodies to an undetermined flavivirus(es) in 8 (2.6%) bats. Seropositivity for TABV was significantly (P < 0.05; χ²) associated with bat species, location and feeding preference, and for VEEV with roost type and location. Differences in prevalence rates between urban and rural locations were statistically significant (P < 0.05; χ²) for TABV only. None of the aforementioned factors was significantly associated with RBV seropositivity rates.     

5种常见犬腹泻病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立

为建立一种简便、快速、高效的可同时区分犬腺病毒1型（canine adenovirus type 1,CAV-1）、犬腺病毒2型（canine adenovirus type 2,CAV-2）、犬冠状病毒（canine coronavirus,CCV）、犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）、犬细小病毒（canine parvovirus,CPV） 5种常见犬腹泻病毒的基因芯片诊断方法,本研究以CAV-1、CAV-2、CCV、CDV、CPV 5种犬腹泻病毒为靶病毒,根据NCBI上收录的病毒基因序列在其保守区域内设计引物,在此基础上根据变异区域设计针对每种病毒的探针2~3条,优化检测体系的各反应条件,确定该检测方法的特异性与敏感性,建立可同时区分5种病毒的基因芯片检测方法。结果显示,建立的基因芯片检测方法可同时检测以上述5种犬腹泻病毒,其中PCR的退火温度为55℃、延伸时间为1 min 15 s;探针与PCR产物的杂交温度40℃、杂交时间2.5 h时,该方法对CAV-1、CAV-2、CCV、CDV和CPV 5种病毒标准品的检测限分别为0.2 fg/μL、2 fg/μL、2 fg/μL、20 pg/μL和0.02 fg/μL,具有较高的灵敏性;同时对犬副流感病毒进行特异性试验,发现无阳性信号出现,具有较强的特异性;对14份临床腹泻样品检测结果显示,基因芯片方法对CAV-1、CAV-2、CCV、CDV和CPV 5种病毒的阳性检出率分别为28.57%、50.00%、64.28%、14.28%和85.71%,并且基因芯片检测方法的敏感性较PCR要高10~100倍。以上结果表明,本研究建立的基因芯片检测方法具有特异、敏感等特点,对临床中犬类混合感染病毒检测具有一定的诊断意义。     

禽白血病病毒B、E和J亚群基因芯片检测方法的建立

目的基于多重PCR技术,建立禽白血病病毒(ALV)的B、E、J亚群的基因芯片分型和检测方法。方法根据NCBI已收录的ALV三个亚群的参考毒株cDNA序列,在各亚群特异性基因突变区两端选取其保守区域,设计合成三个亚群的通用上游引物1条,以及B、E亚群的通用下游引物和J亚群下游引物各1条,将上述引物用Cy3标记,建立多重PCR体系;参考靶序列内部的三个亚群各自的保守区域,选择亚群之间基因突变位点多的区域,设计合成5条寡核苷酸探针,制作寡核苷酸探针基因检测芯片;以寄主细胞DF-1中提取传代ALV的cDNA,以及合成NCBI收录的各亚群参考毒株的cDNA序列作为检测模板;利用Cy3标记的PCR扩增产物,与基因芯片进行杂交反应,扫描结果。结果芯片准确检测并分型三个亚群的参考毒株,其检测灵敏度能够达到102个基因拷贝,且与禽类常见的四种病毒均无交叉反应。结论本研究结果证明,基因芯片技术是一种ALV的B、E和J亚群进行检测和分型的有效方法,且具有较高的特异性和灵敏度,为今后在临床应用中快速鉴别诊断ALV等免疫抑制病提供可行性。     

Identification of equine herpesvirus 3 (equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 and 5, equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, equine arteritis virus and equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction

OBJECTIVE: To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly equine rhinovirus 1) DESIGN: Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. METHODS: Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. RESULTS: We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT-PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non-target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. CONCLUSION: The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic equine virus diseases in Australia.     

Serotype- and serogroup-specific detection of African horsesickness virus using phage displayed chicken scFvs for indirect double antibody sandwich ELISAs

There is an ongoing need for standardized, easily renewable immunoreagents for detecting African horsesickness virus (AHSV). Two phage displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies, selected from a semi-synthetic chicken antibody library, were used to develop double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISAs) to detect AHSV. In the DAS-ELISAs, the scFv previously selected with directly immobilized AHSV-3 functioned as a serotype-specific reagent that recognized only AHSV-3. In contrast, the one selected with AHSV-8 captured by IgG against AHSV-3 recognized all nine AHSV serotypes but not the Bryanston strain of equine encephalosis virus. Serving as evidence for its serogroup-specificity. These two scFvs can help to rapidly confirm the presence of AHSV while additional serotype-specific scFvs may simplify AHSV serotyping.     

体外转录法制备西尼罗河热病毒RNA片段

目的通过体外转录获得西尼罗河热病毒保守区基因的RNA片段,为核酸快速检测方法的建立和改进提供阳性定量标准品。方法设计西尼罗河热病毒基因保守区克隆引物,PCR从合成的基因DNA获得相应片段,连接至质粒PGEM-T-easy上并筛选阳性重组质粒,测序鉴定后酶切线性化,用T7RNA聚合酶进行体外转录,得到固定长度的RNA片段,DNase酶处理后测定浓度,梯度稀释后用RT-PCR验证。结果获得含西尼罗河热病毒靶基因序列的准确定量拷贝数的RNA片段,质量浓度分别为352.6ng/μL,RT-PCR验证均扩增出相应目的条带。结论获得的RNA片段可作为西尼罗河热病毒核酸快速检测方法的阳性定量标准品。     

Effects of chlorine, iodine, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on several exotic disease viruses

The effects of three representative disinfectants, chlorine (sodium hypochlorite), iodine (potassium tetraglicine triiodide), and quaternary ammonium compound (didecyldimethylammonium chloride), on several exotic disease viruses were examined. The viruses used were four enveloped viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus, African swine fever virus, equine viral arteritis virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) and two non-enveloped viruses (swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV)). Chlorine was effective against all viruses except SVDV at concentrations of 0.03% to 0.0075%, and a dose response was observed. Iodine was very effective against all viruses at concentrations of 0.015% to 0.0075%, but a dose response was not observed. Quaternary ammonium compound was very effective in low concentration of 0.003% against four enveloped viruses and AHSV, but it was only effective against SVDV with 0.05% NaOH. Electron microscopic observation revealed the probable mechanism of each disinfectant. Chlorine caused complete degeneration of the viral particles and also destroyed the nucleic acid of the viruses. Iodine destroyed mainly the inner components including nucleic acid of the viruses. Quaternary ammonium compound induced detachment of the envelope of the enveloped viruses and formation of micelle in non-enveloped viruses. According to these results, chlorine and iodine disinfectants were quite effective against most of the viruses used at adequately high concentration. The effective concentration of quaternary ammonium compound was the lowest among the disinfectants examined.