表达狂犬病病毒G蛋白重组犬瘟热病毒Snyder Hill株的构建及鉴定

为构建一株表达狂犬病病毒(RV) G蛋白的重组犬瘟热病毒(CDV),本研究以本实验室分离的CDVSnyder Hill疫苗株为基础,在CDV P和M基因之间插入RV弱毒疫苗株ERA G蛋白基因,构建重组质粒p CI-CDV-RVG及表达CDV N、P和L蛋白的辅助质粒p CI-CDVN、p CI-CDVP和p CI-CDVL,将重组质粒和辅助质粒共转染BSR细胞,拯救获得了表达RV G蛋白的重组犬瘟热病毒(rCDV-RVG),将该重组病毒在Vero细胞中传代,通过RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和western blot鉴定。结果显示RV G基因能够在r CDV-RVG中稳定存在并正确表达。病毒生长动力学曲线显示,重组病毒在Vero细胞中的增殖效率与拯救的亲本病毒r CDV无显著差异(p0.05)。本研究表明CDV Snyder Hill株作为载体表达外源基因的潜力,为研制高效、安全、廉价的CDV-RV二联活载体疫苗奠定基础。     

重组新城疫病毒表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白的研究

为构建表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)衣壳蛋白(Cap)的重组新城疫病毒(NDV),本研究利用NDV LaSota弱毒疫苗株为活病毒载体,通过反向遗传操作系统构建出表达PCV2 Cap的重组病毒(rLa-PCV2/Cap),以及表达删除核定位信号(NLS)的Cap(Cap△41)的重组病毒(rLa-PCV2/Cap△41),并对外源蛋白的表达效果进行了检测.通过间接免疫荧光试验证明,两种重组病毒感染的BHK-21细胞中,PCV2 Cap蛋白以及删除NLS的Cap△41蛋白均获得正确表达;其中,完整的Cap蛋白定位于核内,而删除NLS的Cap△41蛋白则定位于胞浆中,本研究结果为研究新型PCV2疫苗奠定基础.     

基于H蛋白基因的犬瘟热病毒遗传变异分析

犬瘟热是犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV)感染犬和其他食肉动物造成的多发性、致死性传染病,本文从分子水平上探讨CDV遗传进化特性、变异情况与流行规律之间的关系.通过收集2002-2010年在中国地区分离的14株CDV野毒株、2006-2007年在全球各地分离的12株CDV野毒株以及从不同宿主分离的12株CDV野毒株和4株疫苗株,将其分为4组,将前3组野毒株分别与国内外正在使用的4株疫苗株的H基因进行遗传变异分析.分析发现,CDV野毒株与疫苗株间H蛋白基因的核苷酸相似性为86.2％～92.1％,其氨基酸相似性为89.1％～91.9％;H基因的584位的天冬酰胺糖基化位点是Asia-Ⅰ型CDV所特有的;H蛋白3555区域的非同义氨基酸替换概率较高.作者推测H蛋白抗原变异可能造成弱毒疫苗免疫效力降低,不能为某些CDV株的感染提供完全有效的保护.     

犬瘟热病毒囊膜糖蛋白在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统中的表达及鉴定

为表达具有天然构象的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)囊膜糖蛋白融合蛋白(F)和血凝素蛋白(H),本研究扩增小熊猫源CDV驯化致弱株LP的F、H基因,克隆至pFastBacTM1载体中,测序验证后转化至DH10BacTM感受态细胞,同源重组获得穿梭质粒rBacmid-F、rBacmid-H,将其分别转染Sf9细胞获得重组杆状病毒rpFB-F、rpFB-H,并将表达的重组融合蛋白(rF)和血凝素蛋白(rH)进行IFA和Western blot鉴定。以犬抗CDV高免血清对重组杆状病毒感染细胞进行IFA鉴定,在感染细胞的细胞膜上可见特异性荧光反应;以鼠抗F、H蛋白的主要抗原表位区多克隆抗体对重组杆状病毒感染细胞进行Western blot检测,可见相对分子质量为63和68ku左右的条带,分别为重组融合蛋白(rF)和血凝素蛋白(rH),大小与预期相符。两种囊膜糖蛋白在杆状病毒-昆虫细胞系统中均成功表达,且具有良好的反应原性。本研究为CDV病毒样颗粒疫苗的开发等工作奠定了基础。     

表达禽腺病毒血清4型Fiber2蛋白的重组耐热新城疫病毒的构建及免疫效果评估

【目的】 研究针对新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)和禽腺病毒(Fowl adenovirus, FAdV)的耐热基因工程疫苗。【方法】 利用反向遗传学操作技术将NDV耐热株的HN基因替换到LaSota疫苗株上, 再将禽腺病毒血清4型(Fowl adenovirus serotype 4, FAdV-4)的Fiber2基因插入到其基因组上, 构建表达Fiber2蛋白的重组耐热NDV质粒pTS-HN-Fiber2。通过病毒拯救技术拯救重组NDV rTS-HN-Fiber2, 并测定其生物学特性和作为疫苗候选株的免疫原性和攻毒保护性。【结果】 rTS-HN-Fiber2的鸡胚平均致死时间>168 h, 且脑内接种致病指数为0, 属于弱毒的范畴; 在细胞上的生长曲线结果表明, rTS-HN-Fiber2与亲本LaSota株有相似的生长曲线, 但最终的生长滴度略低于LaSota株; rTS-HN-Fiber2在56 ℃处理15 min后, 病毒滴度下降约10³ TCID₅₀/mL, 而LaSota株56 ℃处理5 min几乎无感染性; 间接免疫荧光试验结果表明, rTS-HN-Fiber2能表达Fiber2蛋白。免疫和攻毒试验结果显示, rTS-HN-Fiber2能产生NDV抗体, 且能显著提高雏鸡在FAdV-4强毒下的存活率, 减轻FAdV-4强毒引起的组织病变, 降低组织中的病毒载量。【结论】 本研究成功构建了表达FAdV-4 Fiber2蛋白的重组耐热NDV, 该病毒保持了亲本LaSota株的弱毒生物学特性, 但热稳定性有显著提升; 重组NDV免疫雏鸡可产生针对NDV和FAdV-4强毒的保护, 该重组NDV可作为开发针对FAdV-4和NDV二联基因工程疫苗的候选病毒株。     

表达1型和3型鸭甲型肝炎病毒VP1基因重组新城疫病毒的构建及其免疫原性

为进一步研发安全有效的鸭甲型肝炎病毒(DHAV)多价疫苗,本研究以新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota弱毒疫苗株为载体,构建出共表达DHAV-1和-3型VP1基因的重组病毒rLS-1VP1-2A-3VP1,并对其毒力、生物学特性进行鉴定。通过间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)验证DHAV-1和-3型VP1蛋白在细胞内能够有效表达。利用Western blot进一步验证重组病毒产生的中和抗体能和DHAV-1和DHAV-3VP1表达蛋白发生较强的反应。重组病毒rLS-1VP1-2A-3VP1保持了原重组疫苗株rLS-RFP对鸡胚的高滴度生长适应和低致病的特性。将重组病毒rLS-1VP1-2A-3VP1免疫种鸭1次,通过中和试验检测该重组病毒能够在鸭体内产生针对DHAV-1和DHAV-3的中和抗体,平均效价分别为1∶18.17和1∶16.60。本研究结果表明重组病毒rLS-1VP1-2A-3VP1具有作为鸭肝炎重组病毒活载体疫苗用于种鸭的潜力。     

表达水疱性口炎病毒G基因重组新城疫病毒的构建及免疫原性研究

水疱性口炎是由水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)引起的人兽共患性传染病,在我国尚无可用疫苗。为研制安全有效的水疱性口炎疫苗,本研究以新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota弱毒疫苗株反向遗传操作系统为基础,构建并拯救出表达VSV糖蛋白(GP)的重组病毒(rLa-VSV-G)。间接免疫荧光、激光共聚焦、western blot等试验证明VSV-GP在重组病毒中正确表达;体外致病试验结果表明,rLa-VSV-G保持了LaSota亲本株的低致病性和高滴度的鸡胚生长特性;rLa-VSV-G接种4周龄~5周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠后,可以诱导显著的VSV中和抗体反应。本研究表明,重组病毒rLa-VSV-G具有作为防控VSV储备性疫苗的潜力。     

2009年3月公开的禽类专利选登

表达禽流感病毒H9亚型HA蛋白的重组新城疫病毒LaSota弱毒疫苗株,防治禽类胸水及腹水症的中药组合物,活体家禽包装装置.     

犬瘟热病毒F1蛋白的原核表达及其抗原性分析

为表达和鉴定犬瘟热病毒(CDV)F1蛋白,本研究通过RT-PCR扩增了CDV HLJ2-07株F1基因,并将其克隆至pET-30a(+)载体中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下获得大小约为47.5ku以包涵体形式表达的F1重组蛋白,重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白31.5%。Western blot分析表明,表达产物能够被兔抗CDV阳性血清所识别,具有良好的抗原性。间接ELISA检测表明,重组蛋白与犬细小病毒、犬副流感病毒、犬传染性肝炎病毒及犬波特氏杆菌等疾病的阳性血清无交叉反应。本研究为进一步建立检测CDV抗体间接ELISA方法及研制F1蛋白亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

犬瘟热病毒重组H蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立一种检测水貂犬瘟热病毒(CDV)血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,将CDV的血凝素蛋白(H)基因的主要抗原表位片段克隆至p ET-30a-c(+)载体中,转化至感受态细胞Rosetta(DE3)中进行诱导表达,并对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和Western-blot鉴定。以纯化的重组H蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了检测CDV抗体的间接ELISA方法,并证实该方法具有良好的特异性、重复性和敏感性。采用建立的方法与国外商品化的犬瘟热抗体检测试剂盒对80份血清进行检测,两者符合率为92.5%。本研究建立的间接ELISA方法为水貂抗体水平检测和评价犬瘟热疫苗免疫效力提供了简便快速的方法。     

CDV强毒BJ16B2株H基因在昆虫杆状病毒中的表达与鉴定

试验旨在获得具有天然构象且抗原性良好的犬瘟热病毒（canine distemper virus,CDV）强毒株的H蛋白。以分离的CDV强毒株BJ16B2为模板,RT-PCR特异扩增H基因,克隆至表达载体pFastBac^TM HTA上,酶切及测序鉴定正确后比对分析H基因同源性,并将重组质粒pFastBac^TMHTA-H转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac^TM感受态细胞,同源重组构建穿梭质粒rBacmid-H,将重组穿梭质粒转染Sf9昆虫细胞,拯救重组杆状病毒。利用IFA和Western blotting对获得的重组蛋白进行鉴定及抗原性分析。结果显示,重组质粒pFastBac^TMHTA-H酶切测序鉴定正确,该H基因属于Asia-1强毒株,与参考毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为89.8%~99.3%和89.6%~99.5%。在杆状病毒中所表达的H蛋白能与CDV阳性血清及His-tag抗体发生特异性反应,IFA鉴定能够产生特异性绿色荧光,且在68 ku左右出现蛋白条带,表明H蛋白成功表达且具有良好的反应原性。本研究获得了具有天然构象及良好抗原性的CDV重组H蛋白,为后续蛋白结构和抗原特性差异分析、单抗制备、CDV亚单位疫苗的开发奠定了基础。     

Detection of IgM antibodies against a recombinant nucleocapsid protein of canine distemper virus in dog sera using a dot-blot assay

A dot-blot assay for the detection of IgM antibodies (ABs) against canine distemper virus (CDV) in canine serum is described. The diagnostic potential of this technique was evaluated by analysing sera from three test groups: (i) specific pathogen-free (SPF) beagle dogs experimentally infected with virulent CDV; (ii) SPF dogs immunized with a combined vaccine containing CDV, and (iii) SPF dogs immunized with a CDV-free vaccine. As antigen for the dot-blot assay we used the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the virulent A75/17 CDV strain. All 12 dogs of group 1, infected with virulent CDV, showed detectable CDV-specific IgM levels in their serum. All dogs of group 2 were also positive for anti-CDV IgM after the first immunization with the CDV-containing vaccine. The four dogs immunized with a CDV-free vaccine (group iii) remained negative throughout the course of the experiment. From these results, we conclude that the IgM detection test, which requires only a single serum sample, is a useful method for diagnosing current or recent CDV infection in CDV-infected or CDV-immunized dogs under experimental conditions.     

检测和鉴别犬瘟热病毒强、弱毒株的复合反转录-套式聚合酶链式反应(RT-nPCR)的建立及初步应用

根据GenBank上登录的犬瘟热病毒（Canine distemper virus，CDV）基因组全序列，选择CDV强、弱毒株间有区别保守区设计了一对通用引物P1和P4，并在该对引物跨越区域的内部设计了CDV强毒株特异性引物P2及弱毒株特异性引物P3，用引物P1／P4进行RT—PCR，然后用引物P2／P3／P4进行复合套式PCR，建立了一种能区分CDV强、弱毒株的复合反转录-套式聚合酶链式反应（RT—nPCR）的鉴别诊断方法。应用该方法从CDV强、弱毒株的基因组中分别扩增出了大小为247bp和177bp的特异性片段，从两种病毒基因组混合物中扩增出了大小为247bp和177bp的两条特异性片段，与犬细小病毒、犬腺病毒、犬冠状病毒、狂犬病病毒、新城疫病毒的细胞培养物以及正常细胞对照组进行复合RT—nPCR扩增时均为阴性。对从黑龙江省和吉林省采集的20份疑似CDV病料进行的检测结果表明，有15份类似CDV强毒，5份类似CDV弱毒。本研究建立的复合RT—nPCR可以有效检测CDV感染，能够将强、弱毒株区分开，可用于临床快速检测、流行病学监测以及追踪疫苗免疫效果等。     

犬瘟热病毒疫苗株附着蛋白基因的克隆及同源性比较

根据发表的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)参考株Ondetstepoort的序列设计1对引物,以犬瘟热病毒疫苗株感染Vero细胞总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR扩增出附着蛋白基因843 bp片段,将这个片段连接到pMD18-T载体上,经过PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定得到1个阳性克隆,将阳性质粒进行序列测定,结果表明,该片段与Onderstepoort株核苷酸同源性为95.9%。从基因角度为犬瘟热的预防、诊断和治疗提供理论依据。     

The humoral immune response to recombinant nucleocapsid antigen of canine distemper virus in dogs vaccinated with attenuated distemper virus or DNA encoding the nucleocapsid of wild-type virus

This study compared the humoral immune response against the nucleocapsid-(N) protein of canine distemper virus (CDV) of dogs vaccinated with a multivalent vaccine against parvo-, adeno-, and parainfluenza virus and leptospira combined with either the attenuated CDV Onderstepoort strain (n = 15) or an expression plasmid containing the N-gene of CDV (n = 30). The vaccinations were applied intramuscularly three times at 2-week intervals beginning at the age of 6 weeks. None of the pre-immune sera recognized the recombinant N-protein, confirming the lack of maternal antibodies at this age. Immunization with DNA vaccine for CDV resulted in positive serum N-specific IgG response. However, their IgG (and IgA) titres were lower than those of CDV-vaccinated dogs. Likewise, DNA-vaccinated dogs did not show an IgM peak. There was no increase in N-specific serum IgE titres in either group. Serum titres to the other multivalent vaccine components were similar in both groups.     

Identification of a new genotype of canine distemper virus circulating in America

Canine Distemper is a highly contagious viral systemic disease that affects a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. Canine Distemper virus (CDV) appears genetically heterogeneous, markedly in the hemagglutinin protein (H), showing geographic patterns of diversification that are useful to monitor CDV molecular epidemiology. In Mexico the activity of canine distemper remains high in dogs, likely because vaccine prophylaxis coverage in canine population is under the levels required to control effectively the disease. By phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleoprotein (N) and on the H genes, Mexican CDV strains collected between 2007 and 2010 were distinguished into several genovariants, all which constituted a unique group, clearly distinct from field and vaccine strains circulating worldwide, but resembling a CDV strain, 19876, identified in Missouri, USA, 2004, that was genetically unrelated to other North-American CDV strains. Gathering information on the genetic heterogeneity of CDV on a global scale appears pivotal in order to investigate the origin and modalities of introduction of unusual/novel CDV strains, as well as to understand if vaccine breakthroughs or disease epidemics may be somewhat related to genetic/antigenic or biological differences between field and vaccine strains.     

Antemortem Diagnosis of CDV Infection by RT-PCR in Distemper Dogs with Neurological Deficits without the Typical Clinical Presentation

In dogs with neurological disturbances without myoclonus and extraneural signs, the clinical diagnosis of distemper is difficult perform. Considering the great infectious potential of the disease, the possibility of carrying out an antemortem diagnosis of distemper is important, particularly in hospitalized patients with neurological disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate RT-PCR for antemortem CDV detection in hospitalized dogs with neurological disturbances without the typical findings of distemper. We investigated five dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) encephalomyelitis, in which the clinical diagnosis was not performed owing to the absence of characteristic signs of the disease, such as myoclonus and systemic signs. We observed an apparent high sensitivity of RT-PCR in urine samples for detection of CDV: four out of five urine samples were RT-PCR positive. The results of the present study suggest that urine is a good biological sample for antemortem CDV detection by RT-PCR in dogs with distemper encephalomyelitis in which the clinical diagnosis is likely to be difficult owing to the absence of suggestive distemper signs. The use of two different body fluids (urine and CSF) may increase the RT-PCR sensitivity for antemortem diagnosis of distemper in such cases.     

犬瘟热病毒研究概况

犬瘟热(CD)是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,流行范围广,发病率、致死率高,临床症状多样。CDV感染宿主广泛,所有日龄的犬都有可能感染。CDV属于副黏病毒科麻疹病毒属,有囊膜包裹的单股负链线性RNA病毒。CDV基因组编码6种蛋白:核衣壳(N)蛋白、磷(P)蛋白、基质膜(M)蛋白、融合(F)蛋白、血凝素(H)蛋白和大(L)蛋白。N、P和L蛋白与病毒复制有关;M蛋白与病毒的装配和出芽有关;F、H蛋白在病毒的侵染过程中起到关键作用。近年来,随着我国宠物业、毛皮经济养殖业的迅速发展,CD在我国的发病率有升高的趋势。论文对CDV分子生物学研究进展进行归纳总结。     

Heterogeneity within the hemagglutinin genes of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains detected in Italy

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious viral pathogen causing lethal disease in dogs and other mammalians. A high degree of genetic variation is found between recent CDV strains and the old CDV isolates used in the vaccines and such genetic variation is regarded as a possible cause of the increasing number of CDV-related diseases in dogs. The H gene shows the greatest extent of genetic variation that allows for distinction of various lineages, according to a geographical pattern of distribution and irrespective of the species of identification. In the present study, hemagglutinin (H) genes obtained from field strains detected from clinical specimens of Italian dogs were analyzed genetically. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a homogeneous group of CDV strains is widespread in Italian dogs, all which are included into the European lineage. Unexpectedly, strains 179/04 and 48/05 clustered along with CDVs of the Arctic lineage, the highest identity being to strain GR88 (98.0 and 98.4%aa, respectively). The full-length sequence of a red fox CDV strain, 207/00 was also determined and analyzed. The H protein of the fox CDV strain was unrelated to strains within the major European lineage. These results suggest that at least three different CDV lineages are present in Italy.