蛋鸡输卵管积液中新城疫强毒的分离鉴定与分子特征

从病鸡输卵管积液中分离了一株新城疫病毒(命名为SHY06),经蚀斑纯化后测定其鸡胚平均死亡时间和1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数分别为52 h和2.0,F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为112-RRQKRF-117,符合强毒NDV的特征.根据F基因(1-374 bp)对SHY06和19个NDV参考毒株进行基因分型结果表明SHY06属于基因Ⅶ型.F基因氨基酸序列同源性比较显示SHY06与基因Ⅶ型NDV分离株同源性为97.5%～99.5%,与基因Ⅸ型NDV(F48E9等)同源性为91.7%～92.4%,与基因Ⅱ型(疫苗株LaSota等)同源性为89.2%. HN基因氨基酸序列同源性比较显示SHY06与近年来分离株同源性较高,为92.1%～99.7%,与疫苗株(LaSota)和标准强毒株(F48E9)同源性较低,分别为87.6%和89.9%.     

2007—2009年中国西南地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因遗传多样性分析

本试验旨在深入了解中国云南省猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的分子流行病学和可能的遗传变异机制,作者对2007—2009年采集的临床样本中分离的32株PRRSV分离株的ORF5基因进行测序及分析。对32株分离株与北美基因型、欧洲基因型的代表株及2个中国分离株的代表株进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析。试验结果表明,32株分离株与北美洲PRRSV原型株VR-2332的核苷酸同源性为86.9%～99.0%,氨基酸同源性为87.5%～98.0%;与欧洲基因型代表株Lelystad virus(LV)的同源性分别为61.7%～62.9%和54.3%～57.8%;与1996年中国大陆分离的CH-1a的同源性分别为91.2%～95.4%和90.0%～94.5%;与中国高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒代表株JX-A1的同源性分别为88.1%～99.3%和85.5%～99.0%;不同年代分离株之间的同源性分别为86.2%～99.8%和85.5%～100.0%。系统发育分析结果表明,32株PRRSV分离株均属于北美基因型,并且进一步分为2个不同的亚型。基因亚型1由分成2大分支的22株云南分离株组成;基因亚型2由与RespPRRS疫苗株及其母源株VR-2332密切相关的10个分离株组成。GP5的功能域(如信号肽、胞外域、跨膜域、胞内域)被鉴定,且已知功能的GP5蛋白的修饰(如主要中和抗原表位(PNE)和诱饵表位)也被进一步分析。研究结果表明,中国西南地区PRRSV具有巨大的基因多样性,这为预防和控制该病提供依据。     

云南蓝舌病病毒1型毒株M6基因序列分析

为了解云南蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV) 1型M6基因流行株的遗传变异及其与国内外流行病毒的遗传进化关系,试验从细胞培养物中分别提取4株云南分离株BTV-1 (Y863、SZ120169、6-12和7-12) RNA,用M6基因特异引物进行RT-PCR扩增和测序,采用生物信息学软件对获得的M6基因编码区序列进行核苷酸、氨基酸同源性比对及遗传进化分析.结果表明,分别获得4株云南分离株BTV-1 M6基因1 763 bp序列;4株云南分离株BTV-1核苷酸同源性在95.2%~99.9%之间,氨基酸同源性在97.6%~99.8%之间,1979年师宗分离的Y863病毒毒株与2012年师宗(SZ120169)、2013年江城(6-12、7-12)分离的3株病毒毒株核苷酸同源性分别为95.5%、95.2%和95.2%,氨基酸同源性分别为97.6%、98.4%和98.2%,而近两年(2012、2013)分离病毒核苷酸和氨基酸同源性较高,分别在96.9%~99.9%和99.1%~99.8%之间;遗传进化分析发现,4株云南分离株BTV-1为Eastern基因群病毒,它们之间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为95.2%~99.9%和97.6%~99.8%;进一步分析发现4株云南分离株BTV-1与希腊及澳大利亚 BTV-1型毒株亲缘关系较近,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为90.4%~95.6%和95.1%~99.1%,而与地中海国家(意大利、法国、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥和突尼斯)和南非毒株关系较远,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别在83.8%和95.7%以下.4株云南分离株BTV-1属于Eastern基因群病毒,云南分离株BTV-1 M6基因在自然进化中发生遗传变异缓慢,该基因可以用来进行BTV-1基因群分布及毒株的地理区域来源相关的研究.     

6株鸽源新城疫病毒广西分离株F基因的遗传演化分析

应用RT-PCR方法对分离自广西不同鸽场的6株鸽源新城疫病毒F基因进行扩增、序列测定和分析。结果显示:只有1株分离株F基因的ORF全长为1 659 bp,编码552个氨基酸,其他5株分离株F基因的ORF全长均为1 662 bp,编码553个氨基酸,6株分离株的F0蛋白裂解位点的序列均为112RRQKRF117,符合强毒株的序列结构特性;核苷酸同源性比较显示,6株分离株与NDV基因Ⅵ型中的Ⅵb亚型同源性最高,为91.3%~99.3%(与比利时分离株11(JX901124)的同源性最高),与其他基因Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ型毒株的同源性在81.3%~89.2%。与经典强毒株F48E9相比,核苷酸序列同源性为83.6%~84.8%,氨基酸序列同源性为89.2%~92.4%;与Ⅰ型疫苗株V4、I-2相比,核苷酸同源性分别为83.6%~85.1%和82.6%~84.2%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为88.1%~91.3%和87.7%~90.8%;与Ⅱ型疫苗株La Sota和B1相比,核苷酸同源性分别为81.7%~83.9%和82.0%~83.9%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为86.6%~89.9%和86.6%~89.9%。遗传进化分析显示,6株广西鸽源分离株与2011年比利时分离株11(JX901124)和中国毒株SDS、LLN713、BJP13、LJL404、P4的遗传关系最为接近,位于同一进化树分支上,属于基因Ⅵb亚型。     

家蚕质型多角体病毒RDRP基因的序列测定及同源性分析

应用分段RTPCR方法和分子克隆技术从家蚕质型多角体病毒(Bombyxmoricytoplasmicpolyhedrosisvirus,BmCPV)中国株的dsRNA中成功地分3段克隆了RDRP基因(RNAdependentRNApolymerase),大小分别为1442、827、1675bp,进行了基因全序列拼接,获得37kb的全长RDRP基因(GenBank序列号为AY496445)。通过在线blast分析,与BmCPV1、DpCPV1、LdCPV1、LdCPV14、TnCPV15核苷酸同源性分别为89%、81%、81%、541%和509%,氨基酸同源性分别为965%、931%、929%、411%和335%。根据核苷酸同源性与氨基酸同源性构建的进化树具有较好的一致性。通过ClustalX软件分析,定位了该病毒RDRP基因的3个保守区域(酸性区,核苷酸结合的核心区和催化功能核心区)。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒山西分离株ORF5基因的序列分析

采用RT-PCR方法对2009—2011年山西省疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)阳性病料进行克隆和测序,获得5个ORF5基因片段,并对其基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外毒株进行了同源性分析。序列分析结果表明,5个ORF5基因序列之间核苷酸同源性为97.7%～98.5%,与欧洲型代表株LV、美洲型代表株VR-2332、2006—2007年国内分离的PRRSV变异株(JXA1、HuN、HUN4、HUB1)、2006年以前中国分离毒株(CH-1a、HB-1(sh)、HB-2(sh))和2个疫苗株(Resp PRRS MLV、MLV RespPRRS/Repro)核苷酸同源性分别为63.5%～64.0%、88.7%～89.2%、97.7%～99.3%、88.1%～96.7%和88.6%～89.1%;氨基酸同源性分别为56.1%～56.6%、87.8%～88.8%、96.6%～98.5%、85.9%～93.2%、86.8%～87.9%。结果表明山西地区的PRRSV流行毒株均属于美洲型,且毒株同源性很高,亲缘关系紧密。     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒烟台株gB基因的序列测定及其结构功能分析

研究以鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)烟台株为模板,PCR扩增出1条约2.7kb的gB基因片段,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中。序列测定显示,gB基因长2622bp,包含完整的阅读框架。序列比较分析发现,烟台株和王岗株、河北株的gB基因核苷酸序列与SA2株的相比均在第89位上缺失1个碱基G,而在第102位核苷酸处插入1个碱基A,从而引起氨基酸序列中第29～32位5个氨基酸的移码突变。烟台株还有另外7个碱基发生突变,使得其gB基因与河北株、王岗株、疫苗株的gB基因核苷酸同源性分别为99.8%、SA299.7%和99.6%,氨基酸的同源性分别为99.4%、99.4%、98.9%,表明不同ILTV毒株之间gB基因是非常保守的。     

9株鸡毒支原体29 Ku多肽基因的克隆与序列分析

根据已发表的鸡毒支原体(MG)S6株29Ku多肽基因序列设计了1对引物,以9株(广西分离株5株、标准株4株)DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,均得到802bp的特异性片段,将9株MG PCR产物纯化后克隆到pMD18-T载体上,得到重组质粒.重组质粒经PCR法和EcorⅠ、SalⅠ双酶切等方法鉴定后,测定了9株29 Ku多肽基因序列,并在基因库中S6标准株的29 Ku多肽基因序列进行分析比较.结果表明,5株分离株与5株标准株29Ku多肽基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为94.4%～99.9%,推导的氨基酸同源性分别为89.7%～99.2%.从各毒株的进化分析表明,5个分离株与标准强毒株S6、A5969、K1501和PG31强毒株间遗传距离较近,而5个分离株与标准株F疫苗株间遗传距离则较远.     

犬瘟热病毒F基因克隆及序列分析

从犬瘟热病毒检测阳性的3份(KM1、KM2、KM3)病料中进行F基因的克隆测序,并与其他5株代表性参考毒株的同一基因序列进行比较(国内外流行毒株以及疫苗毒株).结果表明,KM1与KM2有95.7%的核苷酸同源性,其氨基酸序列完全相同;KM3株与KM1有1个氨基酸的差异,与参考的5株犬瘟热病毒的F基因核苷酸和氨基酸分析同源性分别为91.1%～96.5%和96.8%～100%.     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌apxIA基因在毕赤酵母中的表达与分析

构建猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)apxIA基因的真核表达载体pPICZαA/apxI,并在毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达。SDS-PAGE显示仅在浓缩40倍的上清中检测得到表达产物,同时经RT-PCR可检测到重组酵母中编码目的基因成熟肽的mRNA,经分析发现目的序列AT含量高达62%,其中含49个毕赤酵母稀有密码子,占15.4%。证实ApxIA在毕赤酵母中为低水平表达。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌转铁结合蛋白B基因的克隆与表达

参照猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)血清1型菌株,设计1对特异性引物,PCR扩增转铁结合蛋白B(tbpB)全基因,克隆到pMD19-T Simple载体中,经测序比较,与参考序列的核苷酸同源性达99.72%。试验将tbpB基因定向克隆到pET-32a( )中,转化BL21(DE3),经诱导后,SDS-PAGE结果显示转铁结合蛋白B得到表达,Western blot检测呈阳性。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌复合PCR检测方法的建立

目的建立可以同时检测猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速而可靠的PCR检测方法。方法和结果根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的Apx-VIA基因序列、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的16SrRNA基因序列设计5条引物。猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌模板的PCR扩增产物大小分别为342bp,485bp和1258bp。复合PCR对1～12型猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌标准株,6株多杀性巴氏杆菌标准株,1～15型副猪嗜血杆菌以及25株经生化鉴定确认为上述三种细菌的分离株的基因组DNA作为模板进行检测,均获得预期大小的扩增产物。以猪放线杆菌、吲哚放线杆菌等14种常见细菌作为阴性对照进行PCR检测,结果仅有支气管败血波氏杆菌产生了可以和上述三个特异性条带明显区分的PCR产物。复合PCR针对胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的敏感性分别为14pg、34pg和37pg。结论本研究建立的复合PCR特异性好,敏感性高,可以用于猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的快速检测。     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌溶血外毒素研究进展

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)引起的一种呼吸道传染性疾病.根据荚膜多糖和脂多糖抗原表位不同,将胸膜肺炎放线杆菌分为15个血清型,不同血清型的菌株毒力大小不同,致病性也有强弱之别.研究发现与APP致病性有关的毒力因子包括荚膜多糖、脂多糖、外膜蛋白、转铁结合蛋白、溶血外毒素等,其中溶血外毒素是APP引起猪致病最主要的毒力因子,也是主要的保护性抗原.论文从猪传染性胸膜肺炎溶血外毒素的分子结构、致病机制、免疫原性几个方面对其进行综述,为获得以Apx为抗原制备减毒活疫苗提供参考资料.     

aroA gene PCR-RFLP diversity patterns in Haemophilus parasuis and Actinobacillus species

The Haemophilus parasuis aroA gene encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and participates in the aromatic amino acids and the folic acid universal metabolic pathway of bacteria. The application of aroA-based PCR-RFLP methodology yields a significant degree of diversity in H. parasuis and Actinobacillus species. PCR amplification of the aroA gene rendered a 1,067-bp fragment in all 15 H. parasuis serovars, and also in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-12, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus equuli, Actinobacillus porcinus, Actinobacillus rossii, Actinobacillus suis, Actinobacillus ureae, Actinobacillus minor and Actinobacillus indolicus. Sau3AI and RsaI digestions of the aroA PCR products rendered seven different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns: group I (H. parasuis serovars 1, 2, 4-6, and 8-15, A. porcinus and A. ureae), group II (H. parasuis serovars 3 and 7, and A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 5, 9, 11 and 12), group III (A. lignieresii), group IV (A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7), group V (A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 3, 6 and 8, A. equuli, A. rossii, A. minor and A. indolicus), group VI (A. suis) and group VII (A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10). This is the first report describing the presence of aroA gene in H. parasuis, A. lignieresii, A. porcinus, A. rossii, A. suis, A. ureae, A. minor and A. indolicus and the data presented here demonstrates a significant degree of aroA genetic diversity in H. parasuis and species of the genus Actinobacillus.     

Detection of antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 using an inhibition enzyme immunoassay.

An inhibition enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of antibodies against A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 (App-5) in pig sera, based on the inhibition of the binding of an App-5 specific monoclonal antibody was established. The monoclonal antibody (MAb 210-F11) was found to be directed against an epitope on the O-chain of App-5 LPS. In the inhibition EIA, highly purified App-5 LPS was used to coat microtitre plates. Serial dilutions of pig sera were added to the plates prior to the addition of the MAb 210-F11. The degree of binding of App-5 antibodies from pig sera was determined as the percentage inhibition of the MAb 210-F11. Pig serum from specific pathogen free (SPF) herds, from experimentally infected animals, and from acutely and chronically infected herds were tested. A serum dilution of 1/30 was found to be optimal, when using 50% inhibition as the discriminating inhibition percentage. No cross-reactivity was observed with serum from pigs infected with other App serotypes or bacteria isolated from the respiratory tract, such as A. suis and H. parasuis. The inhibition EIA will be used for surveillance of App-5 antibodies in SPF and conventional herds.     

Identification and detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by PCR based on the gene apxIVA

The apxIVA gene, a recently discovered RTX determinant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, was shown to be species-specific. DNA hybridization experiments using probes for various regions of apxIVA revealed that the 3'-terminus of this gene was present in all 14 serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae but absent from phylogenetically related species. A primer pair spanning this region specifically amplified a 422bp fragment in PCR experiments with DNA from the reference strains of the 14 serotypes and 194 field strains isolated from various geographic locations worldwide. DNA sequence analysis of PCR products derived from all serotypes were identical except in serotypes 3, 8, and 10, which showed minor differences. The PCR did not amplify any product when DNA from 17 different bacterial species closely related to A. pleuropneumoniae was used as template. In addition, the PCR was negative with DNA of several Actinobacillus sp. which were initially characterized as A. pleuropneumoniae using routine phenotypic and serological analyses but which were subsequently shown by 16S rRNA sequence analysis to belong to yet undefined Actinobacillus species. The sensitivity of the PCR was determined to be 10pg of A. pleuropneumoniae DNA. A set of nested primers amplified a 377bp fragment specifically with A. pleuropneumoniae DNA. DNA titration experiments using the flanking and nested primer pairs showed an improved level of sensitivity to approximately 10fg of genomic DNA. The nested PCR was used to monitor the spread of A. pleuropneumoniae in pigs experimentally infected with a virulent serotype 1 strain and housed in a controlled environment facility. A. pleuropneumoniae DNA could be detected by nested PCR in nasal swab samples of infected pigs receiving either a high dose (5x10(5)) or a low dose (1x10(4)) challenge and in unchallenged cohorts that were contact-infected by the inoculated animals. Furthermore, PCR confirmed the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae in 16/17 homogenates from necrotic lung lesions, while the bacterium was successfully recovered from 13 of these lesions by culture.     

ISApl1, a novel insertion element of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, prevents ApxIV-based serological detection of serotype 7 strain AP76

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a gram-negative rod of the Pasteurellaceae family, causes pleuropneumonia in pigs. Establishing A. pleuropneumoniae free herds is difficult due to the occurrence of persistently infected animals. The ApxIV toxin is expressed by A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo and an ELISA based on the toxin is used to detect infection and to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals. In this study, we have identified a 1070bp insertion element of the IS30 family, designated ISApl1, in the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 strain AP76. ISApl1 contains a 924bp ORF encoding a transposase, which is flanked by 27bp inverted repeats showing six mismatches. We investigated the occurrence of ISApl1 in other A. pleuropneumoniae strains, and its possible interference with virulence associated factors. Four insertion sites were identified in AP76: within the apxIVA toxin ORF, within a putative autotransporter adhesin ORF, upstream of a capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster, and downstream of a beta-lactamase gene. ISApl1 is also present in some serotype 7 field isolates, but not in reference or field strains of other serotypes. In A. pleuropneumoniae AP76, the transposase gene is transcribed in vitro. The insertion in the apxIVA toxin gene remains stable after animal passage. Since this insertion should disrupt toxin expression, we tested 7 pigs infected with AP76 at day 21 post-infection. All were negative in the ApxIV ELISA but four out of seven were positive in an ApxII toxin ELISA. These results show that insertion elements can affect the detection of A. pleuropneumoniae infected animals.     

Sequence analysis of the ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

The ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was cloned and sequenced. The structural gene encodes a 305 amino acid polypeptide. The ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene sequence is identical to that derived from Pasteurella haemolytica and only one amino acid different from that of Haemophilus influenzae, suggesting that they are derived from the same ancestor, and transformed from one to another.     

Serological cross-reactivity between a porcine Actinobacillus strain and Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae.

During serological screening of a closed SPF-herd free of pleuropneumonia, more than half of the pigs were positive for complement-fixing antibodies to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. Actinobacillus bacteria closely related to A. suis were isolated from tonsillar tissue of 14 out of 20 slaughtered pigs submitted for pathological and bacteriological evaluation. None of the pigs had evidence of respiratory disease. Two pigs inoculated endobronchially with a selected Actinobacillus strain developed mild focal pneumonia and complement-fixing antibodies cross-reacting with H. pleuropneumoniae. Five pigs exposed and vaccinated with the Actinobacillus strain and five pigs spontaneously infected with the strain also developed complement-fixing antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae and appeared to be less susceptible to experimental Haemophilus pleuropneumonia than pigs not exposed to the Actinobacillus infection. The agglutination test applied on serum treated with 2-mercaptoethanol detected antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 but not against serotype 1 in pigs exposed to the Actinobacillus strain. Antibodies reactive with the Actinobacillus strain were also found in pigs hyperimmunized against H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-5 in 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test and rabbits hyperimmunized against serotypes 1,2 and 7, and strain 73567 in the immunodiffusion test. Conversely rabbits immunized against the Actinobacillus strain had antibodies against H. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. It is concluded that pigs infected with Actinobacillus organisms may become false positive reactors against H. pleuropneumoniae.