我国首例小反刍兽疫诊断报告

2007年7月我国西藏发生不明山羊疫情,国家外来动物病诊断中心对当地动物疫病控制中心送检的14只病死山羊病料和一批血清样品分别进行病原学和血清学检测。利用较敏感的小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)特异性荧光定量RT-PCR方法,在11只病羊组织中检测到小反刍兽疫病毒核酸。利用次敏感的PPRV普通RT-PCR方法,从8只病羊组织中检测到PPRV核酸。针对1号样本病原核酸N基因和F基因片段进行遗传发生分析,该病原属于4系。利用竞争ELISA试剂盒对送检的13份血清样本进行抗体检测,结果全部阳性。将1号组织样本接种Vero细胞分离病毒,透射电镜观察下,发现了500纳米左右的病毒粒子。对分离毒株进行PCR检测同样证实其为PPRV。     

湖北省首例山羊小反刍兽疫疫情诊断

2014年3月底湖北省恩施州鹤峰县养羊户从外省购入山羊后,山羊出现发热、咳嗽、流涎、腹泻等小反刍兽疫疑似症状。采集3只病死山羊病料、8只发病山羊棉拭子和8份血清样品分别进行病原学和血清学检测。利用阻断ELISA试剂盒对8份血清样本进行抗体检测,结果全部阳性;利用小反刍兽疫病毒特异性荧光定量R T-PCR方法,从11只病羊样品中均检测到小反刍兽疫病毒核酸,结果经国家外来动物疫病研究中心复核确认,确诊为湖北省首例山羊小反刍兽疫疫情。     

小反刍兽疫实验室诊断

为了对小反刍兽疫疑似病例进行实验室确诊,采集疑似小反刍兽疫病羊材料,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法以及一步法RT-PCR检测方法进行检测,并针对小反刍兽疫N基因序列设计引物扩增N基因并进行克隆测序及序列分析。试验结果可见,疑似小反刍兽疫病羊临床剖检表现为胃肠道及肺部出现坏死,肠道出现线状出血。实时荧光定量RT-PCR和一步法RT-PCR方法检测结果显示均为小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)核酸阳性。N基因测序结果 China-GZ株与小反刍兽疫4个支系毒株序列比对显示,核苷酸同源性为89.0%~97.3%。本试验通过临床症状表现和实验室分子生物学诊断确诊该病例为小反刍兽疫病毒感染所致。     

小反刍兽疫诊断与防治措施

2014年12月新疆阿克苏地区库车县、柯坪县发生不明羊疫情,根据临床症状和剖检变化怀疑为小反刍兽疫感染.对病死羊病料、患病羊分泌物棉拭子样品和患病羊血清样品送自治区动物卫生监督机构分别进行病原学和血清学检测.结果该毒株与西藏流行株序列片段相似性分别为96.5%和97.5%.遗传进化分析,该病原属于谱系4,与巴基斯坦等国流行毒株遗传关系最近.     

小反刍兽疫病毒重组N蛋白抗原制备及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将编码小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)N蛋白的基因全长克隆到pBacPAK9载体中,并在昆虫细胞中进行表达。对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,并用PPRV阳性血清进行了Western blot鉴定。用Ni-IDA亲和柱对组氨酸融合表达的N蛋白进行了纯化,并对纯化产物进行了理化性质和抗原活性分析。最后以表达的N蛋白作为包被抗原,建立间接ELISA检测方法,临床检测137份山羊血清并与IDvet公司的商品化PPRV抗体检测试剂盒进行比较。结果表明,制备的PPRV N蛋白抗原在溶液中以单体形式存在,具有非常好的抗原活性。用该蛋白建立的间接ELISA检测方法与IDvet试剂盒符合率为956%。本研究为小反刍兽疫病毒重组N蛋白抗原制备相关质量标准的建立奠定了基础,同时建立的ELISA抗体检测方法可以很好地用于小反刍兽疫的临床诊断。     

小反刍兽疫病毒竞争ELISA检测试剂盒生产工艺研究

为研究小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）竞争ELISA试剂盒的生产工艺,本试验利用昆虫细胞表达的PPRV核蛋白及其单克隆抗体,建立一种特异性高、敏感性强的PPRV竞争ELISA检测方法,并对该方法的各个步骤进行优化,确定该方法的最适条件,从而确定竞争ELISA的操作程序。并用该方法与OIE推荐的PPRV rC-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒同时检测来自西藏、内蒙古共977份临床羊、牛血清样本,结果显示特异性、敏感性、符合率分别达99.89%、93.82%、99.38%。本研究建立的PPRV竞争ELISA方法为该病毒检测试剂盒的研制奠定技术基础,为小反刍兽疫的防控提供科学依据。     

小反刍兽疫病毒N蛋白阻断ELISA方法的建立

小反刍兽疫(PPR)是一种跨国传播的重大烈性传染病,主要发生于山羊和绵羊等小反刍动物,具有高发病率和死亡率。小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)N蛋白是抗体检测的主要靶蛋白,本研究将PPRV Nigeria 75/1毒株的N蛋白进行原核表达,重组蛋白经鉴定和纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠。取小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,筛选针对PPRV N蛋白的阳性单克隆细胞株,获得了具有阻断效果的单克隆抗体1B11株。经免疫荧光方法鉴定该单克隆抗体与PPRV Nigeria 75/1毒株发生特异性反应。用纯化的重组N蛋白作为包被抗原,辣根过氧化物酶标记1B11抗体作为阻断抗体,建立了检测PPRV抗体的阻断ELISA方法。经优化反应条件,抗原的最佳包被浓度为2.5μg/mL,阻断抗体的最佳浓度为1μg/mL,待检血清1∶2稀释反应1 h,底物反应时间为10 min,阴阳性检测临界值为阻断率为58.5%。特异性试验证明该方法与山羊副流感病毒3型(CPIV3)、牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、边界病病毒(BDV)等阳性血清不发生交叉反应。通过对234份血清样品进行检测,该方法与商品化试剂盒符合率为91%(213/234)。由此表明,建立的阻断ELISA方法可用于PPRV临床样品的抗体水平检测,为PPRV疫苗免疫效果检验及PPRV根除提供了基础。     

小反刍兽疫H蛋白主要抗原表位的原核表达

目的表达小反刍兽疫病毒H蛋白的主要抗原位点用于检测与预防。方法用DNAStar分析小反刍兽疫病毒H基因的主要抗原位点,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,从病羊组织中扩增PPRV的H基因的主要抗原位点并克隆到原核表达载体PET-28b中,最后用PCR、酶切和测序分析对重组质粒进行鉴定;将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosetta中,经不同浓度的IPTG诱导表达PPRVH基因的主要抗原位点;用SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting分析所有蛋白的表达。结果将RT-PCR产物电泳,得到与预期大小相符的特异性片段;对重组质粒PET-28b-H66-249和PET-28b-H281-550酶切后,均出现预期相符的片段;DNA测序表明插入片段的序列与小反刍兽疫H蛋白基因完全一致,其大小分别为569bp和831bp;将重组表达的蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting检测,证明所有的蛋白均得到表达。结论成功表达了PPRVH基因的主要抗原蛋白,为日后的检测与预防工作奠定了基础。     

陕北白绒山羊小反刍兽疫病毒RT-PCR方法的建立

为了建立适用于本地区小反刍兽疫病毒的分子生物学快速检测方法,通过分析NCBI数据库中小反刍兽疫病毒N基因序列,根据该基因设计特异性引物,建立针对本地区小反刍兽疫病毒N基因的一步法RT-PCR检测方法,利用该方法对来自疫源地的不同病料样本进行检测,结果显示该方法对病料的可选择性较多,对检测到的阳性条带通过测序分析,发现流行毒株与陕西毒株基因型差异不明显。该检测方法的建立有利于开展小反刍兽疫疫情监测,为有效防控小反刍兽疫提供技术支撑。     

一起羊小反刍兽疫的诊断及其病毒分离、鉴定和全基因组序列分析

2014年8月,河北涿鹿某养殖场羊群发生不明原因的疫病,临床症状表现为腹泻,咳嗽,呼吸困难,口腔有溃疡,流鼻涕,发热,流泪。应用RT-PCR技术从病羊体内扩增出了小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)的基因片段。序列分析发现,China/BJ/2014与China/XJYL/2013的同源性最高,为99.7%,并将该毒株命名为China/BJ/2014。遗传进化树分析表明,China/BJ/2014属于PPRVⅣ系,与China/XJYL/2013、CH/HNZK/2014和CH/GDDG/2014亲缘关系最近。全基因组序列分析发现,与另外3株序列相比,China/BJ/2014存在15处氨基酸替换。本研究确定了此次疫病为小反刍兽疫,且该毒株为国内流行株,全基因组序列分析为进一步研究PPRV进化和防控提供了重要信息。     

小反刍兽疫病毒核衣壳蛋白抗原性与特异性的比较

为筛选建立小反刍兽疫病毒N蛋白双抗原夹心ELISA抗体检测方法的抗原原料,本研究通过优化大肠杆菌密码子、优化蛋白表达与纯化条件等方法,分别在pET-30a与pET-32a两个不同原核表达载体中成功获得了可溶性的小反刍兽疫核衣壳蛋白(N)。分别对重组大肠埃希氏菌pET-30a-(N)-BL21(DE3)株与pET-32a-(N)-BL21(DE3)株种子批的P7代与P20代进行蛋白诱导表达与抗原提取纯化,共获得6批小反刍兽疫病毒pET-30a-(N)蛋白与pET-32a-(N)蛋白,并对蛋白的浓度、纯度、抗原性和特异性进行检验。结果表明两个纯化后的重组抗原与羊小反刍兽疫病毒阳性血清有明显反应,具有较好的反应性,而与羊痘病毒阳性血清、羊口蹄疫病毒阳性血清、山羊关节炎/脑炎病毒阳性血清等特异性血清均无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性。本研究结果为今后以N蛋白为基础建立相应的抗原捕获ELISA方法,竞争ELISA检测方法、间接ELISA检测方法以及双抗原夹心ELISA抗体检测方法打下了坚实的基础。     

贵州山区小反刍兽疫综合防控措施

小反刍兽疫又被称为羊瘟或伪牛瘟,是小反刍兽疫病毒引起的山羊及绵羊的一种急性接触性传染病,以发热、口炎、腹泻、肺炎为特征,该病发病率和病死率均较高,严重阻碍畜牧业高质量发展,研究该病的诊断及防控有着十分重要的意义。本文从该病的流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、实验室诊断方法以及综合防控措施等方面进行阐述,为广大养殖户提供参考。     

Comparative efficacy of standard AGID and precipitinogen inhibition test with monoclonal antibodies based competitive ELISA for the serology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peste des Petits Ruminants</Emphasis> in sheep and goats

This project was conducted to investigate the comparative efficiency of competitive ELISA (cELISA), standard Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Test (AGID) and Precipitinogen Inhibition Test (PIT) for the diagnosis of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Pakistan. To deal with this, serum samples from 198 sheep and 82 goats were collected from three different government livestock farms and all the samples were run simultaneously with the three serological tests. The samples found positive for PPR antibodies through cELISA, AGID and PIT were 96 (34.2%), 60 (21.4%) and 72 (25.7%), respectively. Kappa statistics were applied to evaluate the concordance between the laboratory-based test (cELISA) and field-based tests (AGID and PIT). Kappa statistics scores for cELISA versus AGID and PIT were 0.6343 (95% Confidence Interval CI 0.5231–0.7456) and 0.7134 (95% Confidence Interval CI 0.5987–0.8281), respectively, which indicate a “substantial” agreement between cELISA and AGID and “significant” agreement between cELISA and PIT. AGID and PIT revealed relative diagnostic sensitivities with cELISA of 59.3% and 69.7% and relative diagnostic specificities of 98.3% and 97.2%, respectively. The data suggested that for mass screening and control of PPR, these serological tests proved practical in the absence of cELISA since they have high relative diagnostic specificities and a satisfactory relative diagnostic sensitivities.     

Prevalence and mortality rate of peste des petitis ruminant (ppr): possible association with abortion in goat

Present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and mortality (%) caused by Peste des Petitis Ruminant (PPR) and its possible association with abortion in goat flocks at different areas of Pakistan. A total of 140 animals were samples in the population of 650 which was having 185 deaths (Mortality rate = 28 %) from three different regions of the country. There were 58 abortions in the 140 pregnant goats of above said population One hundred & ten (110) serum samples from diseased, recovered and apparently healthy animals were tested for the presence of PPR antibodies by competitive ELISA (c ELISA). Eighty-four (84) animals were positive for PPR antibodies whereas in apparently healthy adult goats in the same flock, no PPR antibodies were detected. Twenty-four (24) tissue samples collected from the dead animals and six samples from aborted fetus were tested for the presence of PPR antigen by Immuno-capture ELISA (Ic ELISA). Nineteen (19) out of thirty (30) organ samples mainly from lung, spleen, lymph node were found positive for PPR antigen but negative from lungs of aborted fetus. There was a high rate of abortions (28–45 %) in each of the outbreak and it was highest in the outbreak of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (No. = 21 in total population of 100). As the serum samples from the aborted dams were found positive for PPR antibodies so the study provides the possible association of mortality and prevalence of PPR disease with high rate of abortions in goat.     

喷雾-复凝聚法制备小反刍兽疫缓释微囊疫苗的研究

建立了喷雾-复凝聚法制备灭活PPR微囊疫苗的工艺方法,并对制备的疫苗进行了主要性能指标测定和动物试验。结果显示：三批微囊形态均呈不规则长囊状,平均包埋率为42%,包埋前后灭活PPRV抗原活性得到较好保持。制备的灭活PPR微囊疫苗在免疫绵羊后1个月,中和抗体滴度均能达到1∶20以上,均高于小反刍兽疫弱毒疫苗1∶10的质量标准,最高可达到1∶160;且中和抗体滴度至少能持续7个月,呈现出良好的缓释效果,是一种具有广阔应用前景的新型疫苗。     

中国西藏小反刍兽疫的发生状况与防控

2007年7月,我国首次在西藏自治区阿里地区发生了小反刍兽疫疫病流行.从2007年7月9日到11月15日,先后在阿里地区革吉、日土、札达、改则4个县出现疫情,共20个疫点,羊发病6122只,死亡1888只.2008年6月,在那曲地区尼玛县双湖区再次发现小反刍兽疫疫情,病羊及同群羊合计6690只.为消灭该病,采取了扑杀、...     

The detection of antibody against peste des petits ruminants virus in Sheep,Goats, Cattle and Buffaloes

Monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) has been used for the specific measurement of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) viruses in sheep, goats, cattle and Buffalo. Serum samples from sheep (n = 232), goats (n = 428), cattle (n = 43), buffalo (n = 89) were tested. The animals had not been vaccinated against rinderpest or PPR. Findings suggested that the sero-positive cases were significantly higher in sheep (51.29%) than in goats (39.02%) (P = 0.002). The overall sero-prevalence of PPRV in small ruminants was 43.33%. The PPR antibodies seroprevalence was 67.42% in buffalo and 41.86% in cattle which was significantly higher in buffalo (P = 0.005). The overall sero-prevalence of PPRV in large ruminants was 59.09%. Cattle and buffalo sera showed a high prevalence of antibody against PPR virus which may explain the difficulty experienced in achieving high post-vaccination immunity levels against rinderpest. Because antibodies against PPR virus are both cross-neutralizing and cross-protective against rinderpest virus, further vaccination in the presence of antibodies against PPR virus may be a waste of national resources. It was also suggested that antibodies to PPR virus could prevent an immune response to the rinderpest vaccine. This paper presents serological evidence for the transmission of PPR virus from sheep and goats to cattle and buffalo and highlights the need to include PPR serology in the sero-monitoring programme to give a better indication of national herd immunity of sheep and goats against PPR.