红曲复合添加剂对肉鸡生长性能及肉质性状的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加红曲复合添加剂对肉鸡生长性能及鸡肉品质的影响。选用1日龄艾维因肉鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组设5个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ~Ⅳ组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加红曲复合添加剂0.5%、1%和1.5%,试验期42 d,试验结束时肉鸡称重,每个重复选取2只屠宰,测定胸肌和腿肌肉质性状。结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05）,料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,但这两个指标在Ⅲ和Ⅳ组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;各试验组与对照组相比,肌肉红度（a^*）和黄度（b^*）显著提高（P<0.05）,滴水损失显著降低（P<0.05）,肌肉亮度（L^*）、蒸煮损失和剪切力差异不显著（P>0.05）,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组pH_{24 h}显著降低（P<0.05）。以上结果说明,日粮中添加红曲复合添加剂可以提高肉鸡生长性能、改善鸡肉品质,其添加量以1%为宜。     

Effects of Wheat and Fermented Sesame Meal on Growth Performance，Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of different proportions of wheat and fermented sesame meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes in broilers under the condition of adding exogenous enzymes in the diet.A total of 520 21-day-old broilers （fast）with an average body weight of （330±10）g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 26 broilers. Broilers in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets containing 0 (control group),20% wheat +5% fermented sesame meal （group Ⅰ）,40% wheat +10% fermented sesame meal （group Ⅱ）,20% wheat + soybean meal （group Ⅲ） and 40% wheat + soybean meal （group Ⅳ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 3 days and the trial period lasted for 34 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the ADG in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased by 9.40%,7.15%,8.87%,5.46% （P＜0.05）,respectively,while the ADFI and F/G showed no significant differences （P＞0.05）.There were no significant differences on meat quality among all experimental groups（P＞0.05）, respectively, but group Ⅱ had better meat quality than others.Compared with the control group,the content of alanine aminotransferase in serum in groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ was significantly decreased by 30.10%,25.36% （P＜0.05）,but there were no significant differences in the contents of total protein,urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase in serum in all experimental groups（P＞0.05）.In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,adding appropriate proportions of wheat and sesame meal could replace part of the corn and soybean meal in the diet,and the better supplementation level of wheat and fermented sesame meal was 40% and 10%,respectively.     

发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探索发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响。利用单因子试验方法,选取1日龄健康肉鸡90只,随机分为3组,分别为：对照组、Ⅰ组（未发酵制剂）和Ⅱ组（发酵制剂）,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。于试验的第21、42日龄测定肉鸡的生长性能和免疫器官发育情况,42日龄测定肉品质。结果显示,与对照组相比,1~42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重分别提高了8.09%和13.76%（P<0.05）,料重比分别降低了2.23%和10.27%（P<0.05）。21、42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组脾脏指数比对照组分别提高了9.09%（P>0.05）和15.15%（P<0.05）、34.38%和53.13%（P<0.05）,法氏囊指数比对照组分别提高了1.22%（P>0.05）和20.41%（P<0.05）、8.72%和18.97%（P<0.05）,肝脏指数比对照组均有提高;42日龄,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胸肌的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量、红度（a^*值）、肌苷酸分别比对照组提高了0.57%和2.10%（P<0.05）、1.61%（P>0.05）和4.25%（P<0.05）、49.89%和43.85%（P>0.05）、7.88%和58.62%（P>0.05）、24.50%和31.13%（P<0.05）,胸肌的滴水损失、黄度（b^*值）分别比对照组降低了21.91%和32.24%（P<0.05）、4.55%和21.73%（P>0.05）,Ⅱ组腿肌的肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和肌苷酸含量均比Ⅰ组和对照组显著提高（P<0.05）,滴水损失显著下降（P<0.05）,a^*值均高于Ⅰ组和对照组,亮度（L^*值）、b^*值均低于Ⅰ组和对照组。结果表明,发酵扶正解毒口服液能够显著提高肉鸡生长性能和免疫指标,且能改善其肉品质。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

代谢有机酸对三黄鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及血清生化指标的影响简

选择5周龄健康、体重(367.9±4.53)g的三黄鸡（♂）224只,随机分成4个处理（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）,每个处理4个重复,每个重复14只鸡。Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ为试验组,分别饲喂添加3.75‰、5.00‰和6.25‰代谢有机酸产品（以短链的酮酸和有机酸为主）的日粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,Ⅲ组平均日增重显著增加（P＜0.05）,Ⅳ组料重比显著降低（P＜0.05）;各处理组对8周龄三黄鸡胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,但可提高血清总蛋白、白蛋白水平,降低谷丙转氨酶含量。提示,代谢有机酸产品可有效地提高三黄鸡平均日增重,降低料重比,并通过调节血清蛋白和酶的水平促进三黄鸡生长,其适宜添加浓度为5.00‰。     

有机酸和精油复合微囊包被物对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究有机酸和精油复合微囊包被物(MOAEO)对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。选取1日龄黄羽肉公鸡300只,随机分成5个组,每个组5个重复,每个重复12只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮基础中添加30 mg/kg杆菌肽锌和6 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮中添加150、200、250 mg/kg的MOAEO。试验期70 d。结果表明:1)1~21日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅱ组平均日增重显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),Ⅴ组血清尿酸含量显著降低(P0.05)。2)1~70日龄,与对照组相比,Ⅳ组料重比显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ组脾脏指数显著提高(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组血清总蛋白含量显著提高,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组血清尿酸含量显著降低(P0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌率和腿肌率显著提高(P0.05),Ⅳ组胸肌失水率显著降低(P0.05)。3)与抗生素组相比,饲粮添加MOAEO对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,肉鸡饲粮中添加MOAEO能改善肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能、肉品质和血清生化指标,MOAEO适宜添加量为200 mg/kg。     

Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharin on Growth Performance，Intestinal Microflora and Immune Function of Immunosuppression Broilers

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of different levels of Astragalus polysaccharin on growth performance,intestinal microflora and immune function of immunosuppression broilers.A total of 180 fast large yellow feather chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 3 replicates of 15 chicks in each replicate,group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,free drinking water,groupsⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were add 200 mg/L water soluble florfenicol in the drinking water,medication for 6 days,then group Ⅱ was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ were fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin,respectively.The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days,and the experiment lasted for 35 days.The results showed that compared with group Ⅱ,groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly improved the growth performance of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,enhanced the number of beneficial bacteria （Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,reduced the number of harmful bacteria （Escherichia coli and Salmonella） in the gastrointestinal tract of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,improved the immune organs index and Newcastle disease antibody titer of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）,decreased the serum contents of IL-10 and IFN-γ of immunosuppression broilers （P＜0.05）.In conclusion,adding 500 and 1000 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharin in diet could eliminate immunosuppression effect of florfenicol test,improve the growth performance,adjust the intestinal micro ecological balance and ennhance the immune function of broilers.     

复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨复合微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、抗氧化指标和免疫功能的影响。将 ２４０只 １日龄雌性健康肉鸡随机分为 ４组,每组 ３个重复,每个重复 ２０只。试验预试期 ５ｄ,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为试验组,在饲喂基础饲粮同时,分别定时在饮水中添加复合微生态制剂 Ａ及其佐剂 Ｂ,其中复合微生态制剂 Ａ的添加水平为饲粮的２．０‰,６日龄时开始添加,每周 ２次,每次饮用量为周采食量 ２．０‰的 １／２;复合微生态制剂佐剂Ｂ在 ７、１４和 ２１日龄免疫后分别连续使用 ３ｄ,每天 １次,每次饮用量为日采食量的 ０．５‰、１．０‰和 ２．０‰。正试期为 ３７ｄ。测定各组生产性能、肠道菌群数量、抗氧化指标和免疫指标。结果表明：１）在每个试验阶段,Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,料重比均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且除 ７～１４日龄和 １５～２１日龄料重比外,Ⅱ组肉鸡平均日增重最高,料重比最低,与其他组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。２）１４日龄和 ２８日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠乳酸菌数量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２８日龄时,仅Ⅱ组肉鸡盲肠大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３）２１、２８和 ３５日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组肉鸡血浆总抗氧化能力均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,２组之间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。４）１４日龄和 ４２日龄时,Ⅳ组肉鸡的脾脏指数最高,均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;１４、２８和 ４２日龄时,Ⅲ组肉鸡的法氏囊指数均较高,显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可知,２．０‰复合微生态制剂 Ａ和 ０．５‰复合微生态制剂佐剂 Ｂ能够提高肉鸡生产性能,改善其肠道微生态环境,提高其抗氧化能力。同时,复合微生态制剂及其佐剂的添加可在一定程度上增强肉鸡免疫功能。     

Effects of Cecropin and Synbiotics on the Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Mucosal Immune Cells of AA Broilers

In order to investigate the effects of cecropin and synbiotics on the intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal mucosal immune cells of AA broilers. 480 of 1-day-old healthy AA broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 broilers per replicate. The broilers in group Ⅰ(control group) were fed basal diet,while that in groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% cecropin,0.3% synbiotics,0.5% cecropin+0.3% synbiotics,respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days. The result showed that compared with group Ⅰ,the villus height of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The crypt depth of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅱ,and that of small intestine in group Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus height/crypt depth of small intestine in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ,and that of duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).The villus width of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P<0.05),while the villus width of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅲ,that of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The mucous thickness of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05),while that of small intestine in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the intraepithelial lymphocyte of ileum in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and that of duodenum in group Ⅲ and small intestine in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The number of the goblet cell of duodenum in group Ⅲ,duodenum and ileum in group Ⅳ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).The mast cell of jejunum in group Ⅳ was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,both the cecropin and synbiotics could improve the small intestine mucosal structure and promote the small intestine mucosal immunocompetent cells proliferation in AA broiler, and the effect of combined utilization would be better.     

乳酸菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在探讨乳酸菌素对肉鸡血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响。300只1日龄肉鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只。Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、100、200 mg/kg乳酸菌素的试验饲粮。试验期70 d,分别在肉鸡28日龄和70日龄时采样,计算料重比,并检测各组中血液生化指标和抗氧化功能各项指标。结果表明:1)与Ⅰ组比较,试验1～28 dⅡ～Ⅴ组肉鸡增重显著升高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);1～70 dⅡ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡增重显著升高(P<0.05),Ⅱ～Ⅴ组料重比显著降低(P<0.05),Ⅳ组最低,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组肉鸡血清尿素氮含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ～Ⅴ组28日龄肉鸡血清总胆固醇含量和70日龄肉鸡血清碱性磷酸酶活性均极显著或显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01或P<0.05);Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组28日龄肉鸡血清总蛋白含量均显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);各组70日龄肉鸡血清总胆固醇和总蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组之间上述各血清生化指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)28日龄时,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05),但与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ～Ⅴ组肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。70日龄时,Ⅱ～Ⅳ组肉鸡血清SOD活性和T-AOC均显著或极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。可见,饲粮中添加乳酸菌素可改善肉鸡生长性能,提高其抗氧化功能,以添加100 mg/kg乳酸菌素效果最佳。     

菊苣对不同性别麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

【目的】研究菊苣对不同性别麻黄肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。【方法】选取42日龄麻黄肉鸡576只,随机分为8组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,公母各半。采用2(性别)×4(菊苣水平)双因素试验设计,菊苣添加水平为0、3%、6%、9%。试验期42 d。试验结束时统计生产性能指标;每重复屠宰1只鸡,测定屠宰性能和免疫器官指数;取胸肌和腿肌用于肉质分析。【结果】(1)与不添加菊苣相比,添加6%和9%菊苣可显著提高麻黄肉鸡的料重比(F/G)(P<0.05);公鸡生长性能显著优于母鸡(P<0.05)。(2)母鸡的法氏囊指数显著高于公鸡(P<0.05)。(3)公鸡的全净膛率显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),腹脂率显著低于母鸡(P<0.05)。(4)与不添加菊苣相比,添加6%和9%菊苣可显著提高麻黄肉鸡胸肌的黄度(b^*_{24 h})(P<0.05),母鸡胸肌的亮度(L^*_{24 h})显著高于公鸡(P<0.05)。(5)性别和菊苣水平对麻黄肉鸡腿肌的剪切力存在显著交互作用(P...     

复合微生态制剂、饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂及饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群数量和免疫性能的影响。选择体重接近、健康的600只1日龄白羽肉雏鸡随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为肽菌素T3组,在基础日粮中添加1.0‰的复合微生态制剂肽菌素T3;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为抗生素组,分别在基础日粮中添加20 g/t硫酸黏杆菌素、50 g/t杆菌肽锌及50 g/t杆菌肽锌和10 g/t硫酸黏杆菌素混合物。预试期3 d,正试期35 d。结果表明,与Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组相比,肽菌素T3组肉鸡各阶段平均日增重（ADG）、盲肠和直肠乳酸杆菌数量显著增高（P<0.05）,料重比（F/G）、盲肠和直肠大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P<0.05）;脾脏指数分别提高27.44%、40.27%、29.01%和29.81%（P<0.05）,法氏囊指数分别提高12.82%、37.50%、33.33%和38.95%（P<0.05）。肽菌素T3组肉鸡血清内毒素含量低于Ⅰ组（P>0.05）和Ⅲ组（降低24.77%,P<0.05）。与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组相比,肽菌素T3组盲肠内容物分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）含量分别提高32.37%和25.79%（P<0.05）。综合上述结果,本试验条件下,日粮中添加1.0‰肽菌素T3可提高肉鸡生长性能,改善肉鸡肠道菌群结构,促进肉鸡脾脏和法氏囊的发育,其提高盲肠内容物sIgA含量、降低血清内毒素含量的效果优于20 g/t硫酸黏杆菌素。     

糖化玉米秸秆对22～42日龄肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢率、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨糖化玉米秸秆(SCS)对22~42日龄肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢率、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选择22日龄健康的雌性爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡200只,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加4%(Ⅰ组)、8%(Ⅱ组)和12%(Ⅲ组)的SCS。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组肉鸡末重和平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各组之间料重比差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)各组之间能量、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维和半纤维素代谢率差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素代谢率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)各组之间屠宰率、腿肌率和腹脂率差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组全净膛率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组胸肌率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅰ和Ⅲ组胸肌45 min pH显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组胸肌滴水损失显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组腿肌滴水损失显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组腿肌熟肉率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅲ组胸肌剪切力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组胸肌红度(a*)值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组腿肌a*值显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,22~42日龄肉鸡饲粮中添加SCS能够促进肉鸡生长,提高全净膛率,但对肉品质有一定的影响,表明饲粮中添加4%~12%的SCS替代能量饲料是可行的。     

饲粮添加益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响及相关机理

为研究益生菌与酶制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、养分代谢率和肠黏膜形态的影响,试验选择5日龄体重相近的健康雌性黄羽肉鸡675羽,随机分成5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复27羽,空白Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加25 g/t益生菌制剂、150 g/t复合酶制剂、25 g/t益生菌制剂+150 g/t复合酶制剂、300 g/t抗敌素的试验饲粮。饲养试验至53日龄结束。结果表明:饲粮中组合添加益生菌与酶制剂获得了最高的全期平均日增重,且与空白Ⅰ组及抗生素Ⅴ组相比分别提高了4.22%(P<0.05)和2.12%(P>0.05);真代谢能以组合添加Ⅳ组最高,且与空白Ⅰ组及抗生素Ⅴ组相比分别提高了11.29%(P<0.01)和6.89%(P<0.05),酶制剂Ⅲ组粗纤维真代谢率极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ组(P<0.01),显著高于组合添加Ⅳ组(P<0.05);抗生素、益生菌与酶制剂及两者组合使用都不同程度地促进了十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛形态结构的发育。总体上说,益生菌与酶制剂联合使用表现出了一定优势,且具有替代某些抗生素饲料添加剂使用的潜能。     

枸杞渣和甘草混合添加剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究在日粮中添加枸杞渣和甘草混合添加剂（LWRMA）对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响。将240只健康的1日龄良凤花黄羽肉鸡（公母各半）按体重相近的原则随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组（CS）饲喂在基础日粮中添加45 mg/kg金霉素的日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加1%、2%、4% LWRMA的日粮。试验期为56 d。结果显示：①与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组的平均日采食量（ADFI）显著提高（P<0.05）;平均日采食量与LWRMA添加量在多个试验阶段（1~14、29~41、42~56、1~28、29~56、1~56 d）都呈显著线性效应（P<0.05）;各组间平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（F/G）均无显著差异（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组的胸肌率显著提高（P<0.05）;胸肌率与LWRMA添加量存在显著线性效应（P<0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸肌和腿肌的黄度（b^*）极显著提高（P<0.01）,试验Ⅲ组的腿肌剪切力显著降低（P<0.05）;肌肉黄度、胸肌的红度（a^*）及系水力、腿肌剪切力均与LWRMA添加量存在显著的线性效应（P<0.05）,平均肌纤维横截面积和平均肌纤维密度均与LWRMA添加量呈显著线性效应（P<0.05）。③LWRMA添加水平对各组胸肌T-AOC、CAT、SOD和GSH-Px活性没有显著影响（P>0.05）。综上所述,黄羽肉鸡日粮中添加4% LWRMA不仅在生产性能及肌肉抗氧化性能方面可获得与添加金霉素同样的效果,而且可改善肉品质。     

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance and Immune Function of Pigeon

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different compound probiotics on growth performance and immune function of pigeons. 72 pairs of breeding pigeons and 144 squabs were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 3 pairs of breeding pigeons and 6 young pigeons per replicate.The pigeons in all groups were fed the basal diet with health care sand,meanwhile and pigeons in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ supplemented with compound probiotics Ⅰ (6×10⁷ CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus+6×10⁷ CFU/g Bifidobacterium lactis),compound probiotics Ⅱ (6×10⁷ CFU/g Bifidobacterium lactis+6×10⁷ CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis) and compound probiotics Ⅲ (6×10⁷ CFU/g Lactobacillus acidophilus+6×10⁷ CFU/g Enterococcus faecalis),resperctively. The experiment lasted for 56 d. The results showed that compared with the control group,compound probiotics Ⅱ could significantly increase the body weight and the average daily gain of pigeon at 28 and 56 days of age (P<0.05). The thymus index of the 28 days old pigeon in group Ⅱ was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the spleen index of the 56 days old pigeon in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05). All the compound probiotics groups could increase serum immunoglobulin content of 28 and 56 days old pigeon,but did not reach a significant level (P>0.05).In summary,compound probiotics could improve the growth performance and immune organ indexes,and improve the immunity of pigeon to a certain extent, the Bifidobacterium lactis and Enterococcus feacalis had the better effect.     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟物对肉仔鸡肉品质和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平超氧化物歧化酶模拟物(superoxdie dismutase mimics,SODm)对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡公雏432只,随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%、0.30%SODm,试验期42 d。结果表明:①日粮添加SODm对肉仔鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。②添加0.20%、0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌亮度(L~*)值显著低于对照组(P<0.05);除0.10%SODm组外,SODm各组胸肌剪切力均显著低于对照组,滴水损失显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。SODm各组腿肌L~*值均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);0.10%和0.15%SODm组腿肌剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。③21日龄时,与对照组相比,0.30%SODm组血清SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),其他SODm组血清SOD活性均有提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);42日龄时,添加SODm各组血清SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。④21日龄时,SODm各组肝脏SOD活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加SODm对胸肌和心脏SOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。42日龄时,添加0.15%和0.25%SODm组肝脏和心脏SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.25%和0.30%SODm组胸肌和腿肌SOD活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,本试验条件下,在日粮中添加SODm对肉仔鸡生长性能无显著影响;添加0.15%～0.25%SODm可提高肉仔鸡体内SOD活性,降低肌肉亮度和剪切力,改善肌肉嫩度。     

冬季不同饲养密度对湖羊育成公羊生长发育和舍内CO2、NH3浓度的影响

试验旨在研究冬季不同舍饲密度对育成公羊生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏器官发育和饲养环境的影响,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,将144只6月龄、体重相近的健康育成公羊随机分为4组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只羊。每组饲养密度分别为0.70、1.05、1.40和1.75 m²/只,试验期55 d。结果显示：①Ⅱ组平均日增重和末重均极显著高于其他组（P < 0.01）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组极显著高于Ⅰ组（P < 0.01）,Ⅱ组体增重最高,分别比Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组高20.27%、11.98%和10.23%（P < 0.01）,Ⅱ组料重比极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组（P < 0.01）;②Ⅱ组宰前活重极显著高于其他组（P < 0.01）,净肉重、净肉率和肉骨比均显著高于Ⅰ组（P < 0.05）,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间无显著差异（P > 0.05）;③各组间除心脏和脾脏重有显著差异外,其余各器官重均未表现出显著差异（P>0.05）,Ⅳ组心脏和肝脏重占活体重量比最高;④舍内的NH₃和CO₂平均浓度大小为：Ⅰ组 > Ⅱ组 > Ⅲ组 > Ⅳ组,与羊饲喂空间大小呈负相关（R²=－0.995和R²=－0.999）;⑤在不计算人工和饲料成本的情况下,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别获利6 345.67、7971.77、6977.80和7 025.42元,Ⅱ组经济效益最高。综上所述,试验Ⅱ组各项指标均优于其他3组,舍饲育肥羊饲养密度与生长性能的物理性拐点是1.05 m²/只。     

复合微生态制剂与饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂与饲用抗生素对肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标的影响.试验选用500只1日龄雌性健康黄羽肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只.试验预试期3d,正试期35d.I组为对照组,饲喂不合抗生素的基础饲粮,V组为抗生素组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为复合微生态制剂组,复合微生态制剂添加量分别为1.0％、2.0％、4.0％.试验结束后,测定各组试鸡生长性能、免疫性能和抗氧化指标.结果表明:1)在每个试验阶段,Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P＜0.05);且除4～10日龄和32～38日龄料重比外,Ⅲ组肉鸡料重比最低,显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P＜0.05).2)24日龄时,Ⅲ组的脾脏指数、法氏囊指数分别高出V组40.6％、47.7％,差异显著(P＜0.05);17日龄和24日龄时,Ⅲ组血清免疫球蛋白G含量分别高出V组24.3％、16.2％,差异显著(P＜0.05);24日龄和31日龄时,Ⅲ组盲肠内容物的分泌型免疫球蛋白A含量分别高出V组11.4％、39.3％,差异显著(P＜0.05);10日龄和38日龄时,Ⅲ组新城疫抗体效价分别高出V组37.0％、32.4％,差异显著(P＜0.05).3)10日龄和38日龄时,Ⅲ组血清总抗氧化能力最高,分别高出V组45.2％、56.7％,差异显著(P＜0.05).由此可知,添加2.0‰复合微生态制剂能够提高肉鸡生长性能,提高其抗氧化能力.同时复合微生态制剂的添加可以在一定程度上增强肉鸡的免疫功能.