银杏叶多糖对传染性法氏囊超强毒灭活疫苗的免疫调节作用

用改进水提醇沉法提取银杏叶多糖。用灭活的传染性法氏囊超强毒(vvIBDV)GX8/99细胞适应株分别制备不同质量浓度(40,20,10 g/L)银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗、弗氏不完全佐剂疫苗和无佐剂疫苗。360只SPF公雏鸡随机均分为6组,其中5组SPF鸡分别免疫上述5种疫苗,另外1组SPF鸡不免疫作为阴性对照。检测IL-2和IFN-γ分泌量、血清抗体、外周血淋巴细胞转化率、外周血CD4^+和CD8^+T淋巴细胞数量等用来评价疫苗的免疫效果。38日龄进行攻毒试验,评价疫苗的保护效果。结果显示,银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组各免疫指标均显著高于弗氏佐剂和无佐剂疫苗组(P<0.05);40 g/L银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组免疫效果最好,但与20 g/L银杏叶多糖佐剂疫苗组差异不明显,并且2组攻毒保护率无显著性差异。结果表明,银杏叶多糖作为vvIBDV疫苗佐剂具有良好的免疫促进作用,且20 g/L的银杏叶多糖即可达到最佳效果。     

“兔瘟”疫苗中不同佐剂对免疫效果的影响

利用“兔瘟”病毒枣(?)毒株(RVZ85)制备的不含佐剂疫苗,甘油佐剂疫苗、氢氧化铝佐剂疫苗和矿物油佐剂疫苗免疫接种易感家兔,定期测 HI 抗体效价并进行人工攻毒试验.结果证明,不含佐剂的疫苗产生的保护力最早,免疫后三天即4/4保护.用四种疫苗免疫接种后一年内,对攻毒的保护率均为100%.四种疫苗中,以矿物油佐剂疫苗免疫兔的HI抗体效价最高,氢氧化铝佐剂疫苗次之,甘油佐剂疫苗及不含佐剂疫苗的HI效价较低。氢氧化铝佐剂疫苗在室温保存8.5个月,免疫兔4/4保护;室温保存14个月.免疫兔2/3保护:4℃保存14个月,免疫兔4/4保护.     

纳米氢氧化铝吸附禽流感病毒灭活疫苗的研制及其对肉鸡抗体效价的影响

自制纳米氢氧化铝佐剂,通过吸附H5N1灭活抗原,制备了纳米铝佐剂疫苗,按照中华人民共和国农业行业高致病性禽流感免疫技术规范标准,免疫肉鸡。经检测发现纳米铝佐剂疫苗组肉鸡产生有效保护抗体时间较油佐剂疫苗和常规铝佐剂疫苗提前3d和7d,抗体峰值达到时间较油佐剂疫苗和常规铝佐剂疫苗提前14d。结果表明,纳米氢氧化铝作为高致病性禽流感H5N1的免疫佐剂,可以更早的刺激动物产生有效保护抗体,纳米铝佐剂禽流感疫苗具有广泛的应用价值。     

3种不同类型佐剂的猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗免疫效果的比较研究

为了筛选用于制备猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗的佐剂,用水佐剂、双相佐剂以及油包水佐剂分别制备了 3种猪瘟E2基因工程亚单位疫苗,在猪上进行了免疫效果的评价.本试验选取4～5周龄猪瘟病毒病原、抗体阴性猪40头,随机分为8组,每组5头,其中3组用于3种不同佐剂制备的亚单位疫苗的单次免疫效果评价,3组用于疫苗的二次加强免疫效果...     

牛源空肠弯曲杆菌及其HSP43重组蛋白免疫原性研究

为评价牛源空肠弯曲杆菌(C.jejuni)及其HSP43重组蛋白(rHSP43)的免疫原性,本研究采用常规方法分别制备白油、铝胶佐剂和不加佐剂的全菌体免疫原和rHSP43免疫原,分别以不同剂量经皮下接种途径免疫6周龄小鼠,应用间接ELISA方法检测两种免疫原免疫小鼠后抗体消长情况,并通过攻毒实验评价其保护效果。结果显示,其产生的抗体水平白油佐剂组要高于铝胶佐剂组,两者明显高于未加佐剂组(p0.05)。在全菌体免疫原组中,5×109cfu/mL组免疫保护率高于5×107cfu/mL组,前者与5×105cfu/mL组相比较差异极显著(p0.01)。在小鼠免疫后21d以1×1010剂量的C.jejuni攻菌,全菌体免疫原能够提供完全保护,而以白油佐剂乳化的rHSP43仅能提供75%的保护。本研究结果为C.jejuni的疫苗研制提供了实验依据。     

短肽佐剂对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒弱毒疫苗CH-1R株的免疫增强作用研究

为评价一种短肽佐剂对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) CH-1R弱毒疫苗的免疫增强效果,本研究分别采用CH-1R疫苗株单独(单独免疫组)、CH-1R疫苗株与短肽佐剂共同(共同免疫组)及生理盐水(对照组)免疫仔猪,4周后以高致病性PRRSV (HP-PRRSV)TJ-F5攻毒,并采用流式细胞术对攻毒前后淋巴细胞亚类T、Th、Tc及NK进行绝对和相对计数.结果显示攻毒后共同免疫组仅在第3d淋巴细胞亚类数量显著下降后回升,28 dTc/T显著高于单独免疫组,临床症状和各组织器官病理变化轻微;单独免疫组在攻毒后第3d淋巴细胞亚类数量显著下降后回升,之后于第14和15d再次显著下降后又回升,临床症状和各组织器官病理变化比共同免疫组严重,但比对照组明显减轻.单独免疫组、共同免疫组及对照组的攻毒保护率分别为40％、80％、0.研究结果表明,短肽佐剂配合CH-1R弱毒疫苗具有缓解HP-PRRSV T J-F5的免疫抑制、增强细胞免疫及提高免疫保护力的作用;在抵抗HP-PRRSVT J-F5攻击时,共同免疫组的免疫保护力明显高于单独免疫组.     

佐剂对嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗免疫效果的作用

制备嗜水气单胞菌J—1株福尔马林灭活疫苗，用浸浴法免疫银鲫。设疫苗加IMS1312佐剂免疫组、不加佐剂疫苗免疫组及未免疫对照组，每组20尾。18～20℃水温饲养35d，检测银鲫血清嗜水气单胞菌凝集抗体。佐剂组抗体效价达1：64，相对保护率为67％。不加佐剂免疫组抗体效价为1：32，相对保护率达56％。对照组抗体效价为1：4，相对保护率为10％。试验结果表明浸浴免疫对银鲫具有较好的保护力，佐剂IMS1312可增强鱼体的免疫应答。     

Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌荚膜免疫的研究

用盐浸法提取了I型鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)的荚膜,并制成油佐剂疫苗.其免疫原性测定结果表明:用荚膜粗提物免疫雏鸭可得到很好的免疫保护效果(9/10).同时进行了RA荚膜油佐剂疫苗与各常规佐剂疫苗的免疫效力比较,免疫保护效果依次为:荚膜油乳剂苗、油乳剂灭活苗、蜂胶灭活苗、铝胶RA灭活苗、无佐剂RA灭活苗.结果显示,鸭疫里默氏杆菌荚膜免疫的研究为进一步研制亚单位疫苗打下基础.     

不同佐剂新城疫疫苗对鸡体液免疫的影响

佐剂是疫苗研究的重要组成部分.选择合适的佐剂不仅可以增强疫苗的免疫效果,而且可以提高机体的抵抗力.不同佐剂对体液免疫会产生不同的作用.本研究选用白油佐剂、弗氏佐剂和蜂胶佐荆与新城疫病毒抗原混合制成疫苗,免疫雏鸡,探讨不同佐剂对鸡体液免疫的影响.结果表明,三种佐剂疫苗均有保护力,试验鸡饲养至61日龄均未发生新城疫,其中弗氏佐剂的效果最好,蜂胶佐剂的效果次之,油佐剂组检测到雏鸡61日龄时仍未出现抗体高峰值.     

纳米铝胶佐剂增强猪细小病毒灭活疫苗猪体免疫的效果

将20头35日龄断奶仔猪随机分为4组,将制备的纳米铝胶佐剂猪细小病毒(Porcine parvovirus,PPV)灭活疫苗肌肉注射免疫接种,并以常规铝胶佐剂PPV灭活疫苗组、市售PPV油乳剂灭活疫苗组为疫苗对照,生理盐水组做阴性对照,应用HI和ELISA检测接种猪的体液免疫水平,流式细胞仪检测免疫猪的细胞免疫水平。体液免疫检测结果显示,PPV纳米铝胶佐剂疫苗组能显著提高机体产生抗体的速度,在首免后第2周产生有效保护抗体水平显著高于油乳剂疫苗和常规铝胶佐剂疫苗组(P0.05),在第3周其抗体水平达到峰值;细胞免疫检测结果显示,3种疫苗均能诱导机体产生细胞免疫应答,但各组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,以纳米铝胶为佐剂制备的猪细小病毒灭活疫苗,能显著提高机体的免疫水平,并较早刺激机体产生抗体,具有较好的免疫保护效果。     

复合免疫刺激物-大肠杆菌苗的研制及效力测定

采用对比试验方法,以小白鼠为实验动物,进行了复合免疫刺激-大肠杆菌苗的研制及效力测定。结果,试验组菌苗的保护率为84.62%,均高于对照组氢氧化铝胶苗组(53.85%,P<0.05)、蜂胶佐剂苗组(58.33%,P<0.05)、空白对照组(38.46%,P<0.01);试验组小白鼠的增重率为27.52%,均高于对照组氢氧化铝胶苗组(22.31%,P<0.01)、蜂胶佐剂苗组(23.98%,P<0.01)、空白对照组(17.22%,P<0.01);试验组的免疫器官指数为8.01%,高于空白对照组(7.67%,P<0.01)与铝胶苗组(7.96%,P>0.05)。表明该复合免疫刺激物-大肠杆菌苗的免疫效力较好,复合免疫刺激物具有较强的免疫增强力,是一种较好的免疫佐剂。     

Protection of chickens against a lethal challenge of Escherichia coli by a vaccine containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing cytosine-phosphodiester-guanine (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODN) have been shown to be effective immunoprotective agents and vaccine adjuvants in a variety of bacterial, viral, and protozoan diseases in different animal species. The objective of this study was to compare the immune response of chickens to a killed Escherichia coli vaccine combined with oil in water emulsion or with CpG-ODN. Birds were vaccinated with killed E. coli antigens with either 10 or 50 microg of CpG-ODN on days 10 and 20 of age. At day 30, a virulent isolate of homologous E. coli was applied on a scratch site on the caudal abdominal region. Birds were examined for 10 days post-E. coli challenge, and pathologic and bacteriologic assessments were conducted on all birds that were either found dead or euthanized. The E. coli vaccine group that received no CpG-ODN had a survival rate of 65%. In contrast, groups that received the vaccine with CpG-ODN adjuvant had significantly higher survival rate of 92% (P < 0.01) with isolation of low numbers of E. coli from internal organs. Total IgG against E. coli antigens was highest in groups that received CpG-ODN as an adjuvant. Birds that received vaccine containing CpG-ODN had minimal inflammatory reaction without tissue necrosis at the injection site. Severe tissue necrosis was present in birds that received vaccine containing oil in water emulsion adjuvant. This study demonstrated that CpG-ODN is an effective vaccine adjuvant in chickens and results in minimal tissue destruction. This study is the first study in which CpG-ODN has been demonstrated to produce an adaptive immune response, at a significant level, against an extracellular bacterial infection in chickens.     

中华鳖对温和气单胞菌口服微球缓释疫苗的免疫应答

以中华鳖温和气单胞菌 (Aeromonas sobria,As) Z- 1株灭活全菌液 ,采用生物降解性高分子材料制成缓释微球疫苗 ,口服免疫中华鳖 ,测定血清中凝集抗体、血液中白细胞杀菌率以及对活菌攻击的免疫保护率。结果表明 ,中华鳖口服微球疫苗 ,其血清中凝集抗体效价和血液中白细胞杀菌百分率均可达到灭活菌液注射组相当的水平 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ;微球疫苗口服组和灭活菌液注射组的免疫保护率分别为 94 .7%和 89.5 % ,两者差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而对照组小鼠 95 %死亡。采用可生物降解微球作为中华鳖气单胞菌口服疫苗的载体系统是可行的。     

Adjuvant and immunostimulatory effects of beta-glucan administration in combination with lipopolysaccharide enhances survival and some immune parameters in carp challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila

Combined effects of beta-glucan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on survival and immune response were studied in Cyprinus carpio that were challenged with the pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. beta-Glucan from Saccharomyces cervisiae and LPS from a virulent strain of A. hydrophila were used in this study. Different concentrations of beta-glucan+LPS mixture were administered on days 1, 7, and 14 through different routes (intraperitoneal injection, bathing, and oral administration). Control and test fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of LD50 concentration of A. hydrophila on day 16 and subsequently, mortality and relative percent survival (RPS) were recorded. Intraperitoneal injection elicited 100% RPS even at the lowest concentration (100 microg beta-glucan+10 microg LPS); whereas, oral administration improved RPS rate of carps at higher concentration (1% beta-glucan+0.25% LPS). Bathing did not improve the RPS. Test animals injected with even the minimum dose of the immunomodulators (100 microg beta-glucan+10 microg LPS/fish) had a significant increase in total blood leukocyte counts and an increase in the proportion of neutrophils and monocytes. Superoxide anion production by macrophages was also elevated, which presumably aided the efficient killing of bacterial pathogen. Lower concentration of beta-glucan+LPS had an adjuvant effect on antibody production as pretreatment by injection of 100 microg beta-glucan+10 microg LPS/fish resulted in higher antibody titer against A. hydrophila following vaccination. RT-PCR analyses showed that the expression of interleukin-1beta mRNA did not increase in test fish when compared with the control. Classical and alternative complement pathways were not affected by either the dose or the route of administration of the compounds. It may be concluded that intraperitoneal injection and oral administration, and not the bathing, of beta-glucan+LPS mixture in carp could enhance resistance to challenge by A. hydrophila through changes in several non-specific and specific immune responses.     

肽聚糖对鲫鱼嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗免疫增强效果的研究

为了探讨肽聚糖在鱼类抗嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila，AH）感染中的免疫佐剂作用，用添加A3a肽聚糖的饲料投喂接种F-AH疫苗的彭泽鲫（Carassius auratus var．pengze）；通过测定鲫白细胞吞噬活性、血清和体表黏液溶菌酶活性、抗体效价以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率，证明肽聚糖与F-AH疫苗联合使用，鲫体表黏液和血清溶菌酶活性、白细胞吞噬活性、抗体效价以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率均显著提高，表明A3a肽聚糖是F-AH疫苗的良好佐剂，能增强鱼类F-AH疫苗免疫应答。     

猪瘟活疫苗佐剂稀释剂的制备及免疫效果评价

本试验旨在针对性的研发一种安全性好、能有效增强免疫效果、使用方便的猪瘟活疫苗新型佐剂稀释剂(AD),并对AD的免疫增强效果进行评价。采用高压均质技术制备了AD,采用响应面试验设计优化了AD的处方和制备工艺,并对其稳定性、粒径、多分散指数(PDI)及Zeta电位进行表征。将AD与猪瘟活疫苗混合后,肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,进行佐剂增强免疫效果评价。优化处方和工艺制备的AD平均粒径为100.4 nm,PDI为0.147,Zeta电位为-28.7 mV,试验结果表明其稳定性良好。免疫效果评价试验结果显示,佐剂组小鼠血清中抗猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗体水平与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.05),抗体水平能持续较长时间,表明AD能有效诱导机体产生体液免疫应答;佐剂组小鼠血清中IL-4、IL-6和IFN-γ的水平均有明显提高,表明该疫苗佐剂能诱导机体产生细胞免疫应答。本试验制备的佐剂稀释剂与疫苗混合使用,能显著提高体液免疫和细胞免疫水平,从而增强疫苗的免疫刺激能力。     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.     

猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的体液与细胞免疫反应

为了探讨以 Ｉ Ｓ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 作佐剂的猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗的免疫机理,对其诱导的体液免疫与细胞免疫反应进行了测定。用上述疫苗免疫 ９ 头试验猪,采用间接 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 检测体液免疫反应及通过淋巴细胞转化试验、 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ染色试验、 Ｅ玫瑰花环形成试验等检测细胞免疫反应;用该疫苗和铝胶苗分别免疫昆明小鼠各 ２０ 只,分别检测体液免疫反应和 Ｔ 淋巴细胞抑制／杀伤亚群的动态变化。体液免疫的检测结果显示,免疫后 ７ 天即出现抗体,２１ 天后抗体全部转阳,持续的时间不少于 １９３ 天,效价明显高于铝胶苗;细胞免疫检测结果显示,免疫猪外周血 Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率、 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ＋ 细胞和粗粒型 Ａ Ｎ Ａ Ｅ＋ 细胞、 Ｅ Ｒ Ｆ Ｃ和 Ｅａ Ｒ Ｆ Ｃ细胞显著升高,免疫小鼠 Ｔ淋巴细胞抑制／杀伤亚群显著升高;与铝胶苗及对照组比较,差异极显著。以上结果表明猪囊虫病基因工程疫苗可同时激发动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应,增强了机体的免疫调节功能及杀伤性 Ｔ 淋巴细胞功能。     

兔抗犬细小病毒2a型多克隆抗体交叉保护研究

为探究犬细小病毒（canine parvovirus,CPV）血清型只有一种的条件下,常用疫苗CPV-2型和CPV-2a病毒免疫血清抗体对国内流行CPV-2a病毒的中和率,试验将藏獒源CPV-2a毒株（10⁵ TCID₅₀/100 μL）和CPV-2（10^4.5 TCID₅₀/100 μL）疫苗接于F81细胞增殖,PEG6000法浓缩制成免疫原,各免疫新西兰长白兔3只,间隔2周1次,共免疫4次。收集血清纯化制备多克隆抗体,通过血凝抑制试验（HI）和血清中和试验（SN）分别用2种抗体中和CPV-2、CPV-2a病毒,对两者保护率进行初步评价,并对本地感染CPV-2a的4只犬,每组2只进行治疗,每日跟踪白细胞消长规律。结果显示,CPV-2a多抗中和国内流行病毒CPV-2a的HI抗体、中和抗体水平都极显著高于CPV-2多抗（P<0.01）,而中和CPV-2病毒的HI抗体、中和抗体水平两者差异不显著（P>0.05）,CPV-2a多抗组治疗能较快恢复正常值,2组白细胞数有显著差异（P＜0.05）。结果表明,CPV-2a多抗与常用CPV-2型疫苗免疫抗体相比能高滴度的中和CPV-2a,更适用于中国犬细小病毒的防制,对研发新型生物制品有一定意义。     

Immune response and protective efficacy against homologous challenge in BALB/c mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor gene

A DNA vaccine (pVAX1-TgADF) encoding Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) gene was constructed and the immune response and protective efficacy of this vaccine against homologous challenge in BALB/c mice were evaluated. High titers of specific antibody and increases in the percentage of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte cells were observed from BALB/c mice vaccinated with pVAX1-TgADF (P<0.05), when PBS group was used as control. The survival time of BALB/c mice in pVAX1-TgADF group was longer than those in control groups. The numbers of brain cysts in the experimental BALB/c mice immunized with pVAX1-TgADF reduced significantly compared with those in PBS group (P<0.05), and the rate of reduction could reach to around 42.8%. These results suggested that the DNA vaccine pVAX1-TgADF could generate specific humoral and cellular immune responses, prolong survival times, and reduce brain cysts load against T. gondii infection in BALB/c mice.