德昌水牛Bola-DRB3基因第二外显子的PCR-RFLP多态性研究

本研究应用PCR-RFLP方法,对德昌水牛MHCⅡ类基因座位的Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子进行了遗传多态性研究。结果表明:HaeIII酶切出现7种基因型,即AA、AB、AD、BC、AC、BF和BB,共有A、B、C、D、F 5个复等位基因控制;AA型的频率最高,为优势基因型,A基因为优势基因。RsaI酶切结果出现3种基因型,即GH、GG、HH,共有G、H 2个基因控制;GG的频率最高,为优势基因型,G基因为优势基因。这表明德昌水牛在Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子上具有丰富的多态性。在RsaI酶切位点上,德昌水牛未达到Hardy-Weiberg平衡状态,显示在群体中有选择、基因突变、近交、遗传漂变等因素的一定影响,这是对保种极为不利的,应引起畜牧工作者的关注。在德昌水牛遗传资源的开发利用和保存中,作者认为应严格划定杂交改良和保种区的范围;在杂交改良区内可以进行选育、品种间杂交,充分利用杂种优势,提高其生产性能;而在保种区或群中不进行杂交,同时减少选育;使德昌水牛遗传资源的有效保存和充分利用有机的结合起来。     

大额牛Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

本文应用PCR-RFLP方法研究了大额牛MHC Ⅱ类基因座位的Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子的遗传多态性.结果表明:Hae Ⅲ酶切出现3种基因型,即NN、OO、NO,由N和Q两个等位基因控制;NO为优势基因型,O为优势基因.RsaⅠ酶切也出现3种基因型,即PP、Pq、QQ,由P和Q两个等位基因控制;QQ为优势基因型,Q为优势基因,说明大额牛在有些基因位点上,特别是在Bola基因系统中还是具有较为丰富的遗传多态性;经X2适合性检验表明两位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,这对保种是有利的.作者认为目前大额牛的保种应以传统保种方法为主,在泸水县、福贡县等地引种,异地纯繁成功的基础上,国家给予重点扶持,建立保种场和核心群进行重点保种;同时,应积极探索冻精、冻胚以及分子标记辅助保种和基因库保种等方法,加大生物技术保种的研究和应用力度;在必要的条件下建立大额牛冻精、冻胚的"基因库",开展细胞工程、胚胎工程方面的研究,并探讨细胞核移植作为大额牛遗传资源保存的可行性和现实性.     

草原红牛与中国荷斯坦牛GHR基因多态性及与产奶性状相关性分析

研究旨在分析生长激素受体(GHR)基因外显子10的多态性及其与奶牛产奶性状的相关性。选用30头草原红牛与145头中国荷斯坦牛为材料,采用PCR-RFLP的方法对该基因外显子多态性进行分析,并对突变位点用SPSS软件分析其与产奶性状的相关性。结果表明:GHR基因外显子10的扩增产物被限制性酶BsaH I酶切消化后表现出多态性,经电泳检测显现AA、AB、BB 3种不同的基因型。使用SPSS软件对所得基因型与产奶性状进行相关性分析发现,在中国荷斯坦牛群体中,AA型个体乳脂率显著高于BB型(P<0.05),AA型个体的体细胞数显著低于AB型个体(P<0.05),AA型为优势基因型,等位基因A可显著提高个体的乳脂率,降低个体体细胞数,为中国荷斯坦牛的早期选种选育、改善乳品质提供依据。     

宁夏肉牛杂交改良群体生长激素受体基因的多态性研究

试验通过对宁夏六盘山区肉牛杂交改良群体生长激素受体(growth hormone receptor,GHR)基因的多态性研究,为宁夏肉牛杂交改良选育提供理论基础。采用PCR-RFLP对该群体70个个体GHR基因多态性进行检测,结果扩增出338 bp的目的片段,PCR产物被限制性内切酶Alu Ⅰ消化后表现出多态性,共检测到2种基因型:AA、AB,其中A为优势等位基因,AA基因型为优势基因型。     

甘肃金昌西门塔尔牛MSTN基因外显子多态性研究

[目的]为分析金昌地区西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因三个外显子的遗传多态性及变异特征。[方法]采用 PCR-SSCP 方法检测了61头西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因三个外显子的多态性。[结果]显示：金昌西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因的第1外显子存在 A、B 两个等位基因以及AA、AB 两种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.7705和0.2295;第2外显子存在 A、B 两个等位基因以及 AA、AB、BB 三种基因型,其基因型频率分别为0.0328、0.3443和0.6229;第3外显子只有 AA 一种基因型。序列分析表明,金昌地区的西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因第1外显子在269bp 发生了 A→G 的突变和第2外显子在41bp 发生了 C→T 的突变,但都未导致氨基酸发生改变,属于同义突变;外显子3并未检测到突变。[结论]统计结果表明,金昌地区的西门塔尔牛 MSTN 基因第1外显子呈低度多态,第2外显子呈中度多态。     

PRLR基因多态性与深县猪繁殖性能的关联分析

实验旨在研究催乳素受体（PRLR）基因多态性对深县猪繁殖性能的影响。通过PCR-RFLP技术结合混合池一代测序技术检测基因多态性，并与71头深县猪的繁殖性能进行关联分析，结果显示PRLR基因外显子8有2个突变位点，分别为A394G和A44G位点。A394G位点上存在AA、AG和GG 3种基因型，其中AG基因型个体的初生窝重显著高于GG基因型个体；A44G位点上存在AA、AG和GG3种基因型，其中AG基因型个体的总产仔数显著高于GG基因型个体。各位点皆为错义突变，且均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）。因此，PRLR基因多态性与深县猪的繁殖性状显著相关，可作为深县猪分子遗传育种的候选基因。     

甘肃武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因外显子遗传变异的研究

为分析肉牛MSTN基因的遗传多态性及变异特征,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了60头甘肃武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因的多态性,对群体内各等位基因进行了克隆测序。结果显示：武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、AB两种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.9167、0.0833;第2外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、BB、AB三种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5、0.25、0.25。序列分析表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN第1外显子在269 bp发生了A→G的突变,第2外显子在41 bp发生了C→T的突变,二者均属于同义突变。统计结果表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子呈低度多态,第2外显子呈中度多态,外显子3没有发生突变。     

双乾肉羊BMP3基因多态性及其与背最长肌脂肪酸含量的相关性研究

为探究绵羊骨形态发生蛋白3(Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3,BMP3)基因多态性对绵羊肉质性状的影响，本实验以双乾肉羊为研究对象，采用Sanger测序方法寻找BMP3基因外显子1的多态性位点，并与背最长肌脂肪酸含量指标进行关联分析。结果显示：BMP3基因外显子1在276 bp处存在A/G突变，为同义突变，且存在AA、AG和GG 3种基因型，AG为优势基因型，A为优势等位基因。该位点处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态（P>0.05），在双乾肉羊群体中属于中度多态（0.25相似文献   

拜城油鸡肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性与生产性能的相关性研究

试验旨在研究肌肉生长抑制素（myostatin,MSTN）基因在拜城油鸡中的多态性及其与生产性能的关系,探寻可用于拜城油鸡选育的分子遗传标记。选取96只6周龄的拜城油鸡公鸡,随机分为3组,每组32只,分别在12、18和24周龄时对其生产性能指标进行测定,同时采用PCR-RFLP方法检测MSTN基因的多态性,分析MSTN基因多态性与拜城油鸡生产性能的关系。结果显示,在拜城油鸡公鸡中MSTN基因存在多态性,检测到3种基因型:AA、GA、GG,GA为优势基因型,等位基因A为优势等位基因,不符合哈代－温伯格平衡定律（P<0.05）。在12周龄时,AA基因型个体的体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重和腿肌重均显著高于GA基因型个体（P<0.05）;在18周龄时,GA基因型个体的体重、胸肌重和腿肌重均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;在24周龄时,AA基因型个体的体重、屠体重和半净膛重均极显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.01）,全净膛重和腿肌重显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）,GA基因型个体的体重、屠体重、半净膛重和腿肌重均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）,其余指标在不同周龄不同基因型个体间差异不显著（P>0.05）。MSTN基因多态性与拜城油鸡部分生产性能指标密切相关,推测该基因可以作为拜城油鸡选育的分子遗传标记之一。     

不同地方品种牦牛IGF-1基因的PCR-SSCP分析

为了检测高原地区4个不同地方牦牛品种IGF-1基因第1外显子和第2外显子的多态性,采用PCR-SSCP分析了牦牛IGF-1基因在天祝白牦牛、甘南牦牛、青海高原牦牛及培育品种大通牦牛4个品种中的遗传多态性。结果表明:牦牛IGF-1基因的第1外显子不存在遗传多态性;第2外显子在4个品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为4个牦牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。在4个品种中,天祝白牦牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.8559,而大通牦牛、甘南牦牛和青海高原牦牛则相对较低,分别为0.8333、0.6970和0.5689。大通牦牛和天祝白牦牛,青海高原牦牛和甘南牦牛基因和基因型相近,其它牦牛群体之间基因和基因型存在差异。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.