德昌水牛Bola-DRB3基因第二外显子的PCR-RFLP多态性研究

本研究应用PCR-RFLP方法,对德昌水牛MHCⅡ类基因座位的Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子进行了遗传多态性研究.结果表明:HaeⅢ酶切出现7种基因型,即AA、AB、AD、BC、AC、BF和BB,共有A、B、C、D、F 5个复等位基因控制;AA型的频率最高,为优势基因型,A基因为优势基因.RsaⅠ酶切结果出现3种基因型,即GH、GG、HH,共有G、H 2个基因控制;GG的频率最高,为优势基因型,G基因为优势基因.这表明德昌水牛在Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子上具有丰富的多态性.在RsaⅠ酶切位点上,德昌水牛未达到Hardy-Weiberg平衡状态,显示在群体中有选择、基因突变、近交、遗传漂变等因素的一定影响,这是对保种极为不利的,应引起畜牧工作者的关注.在德昌水牛遗传资源的开发利用和保存中,作者认为应严格划定杂交改良和保种区的范围;在杂交改良区内可以进行选育、品种间杂交,充分利用杂种优势,提高其生产性能;而在保种区或群中不进行杂交,同时减少选育;使德昌水牛遗传资源的有效保存和充分利用有机的结合起来.     

西南地方品种黄牛MyoD基因部分编码序列PCR-SSCP分析

采用PCR-SSCP技术分析了MyoD基因在3个西南地方黄牛品种的遗传多态性。结果表明:MyoD的第2外显子内不存在遗传多态性;第1外显子在3个牛品种中检测到了AA、AB和BB基因型,而且A等位基因为3个牛群体的优势等位基因,分布较高。3个品种中,盘江牛AA基因型频率最高,达到0.5365,而巴山牛和昭通牛则相对较低,分别为0.4465和0.2564。对第1外显子的多态片段测序分析表明:位于MyoD基因第782bp处发生碱基G→A的突变,并导致了氨基酸的突变,使甘氨酸变为丝氨酸。     

宁夏肉牛杂交改良群体生长激素受体基因的多态性研究

试验通过对宁夏六盘山区肉牛杂交改良群体生长激素受体(growth hormone receptor,GHR)基因的多态性研究,为宁夏肉牛杂交改良选育提供理论基础。采用PCR-RFLP对该群体70个个体GHR基因多态性进行检测,结果扩增出338 bp的目的片段,PCR产物被限制性内切酶Alu Ⅰ消化后表现出多态性,共检测到2种基因型:AA、AB,其中A为优势等位基因,AA基因型为优势基因型。     

大额牛Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子的PCR-RFLP多态性分析

本文应用PCR-RFLP方法研究了大额牛MHC Ⅱ类基因座位的Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子的遗传多态性.结果表明:Hae Ⅲ酶切出现3种基因型,即NN、OO、NO,由N和Q两个等位基因控制;NO为优势基因型,O为优势基因.RsaⅠ酶切也出现3种基因型,即PP、Pq、QQ,由P和Q两个等位基因控制;QQ为优势基因型,Q为优势基因,说明大额牛在有些基因位点上,特别是在Bola基因系统中还是具有较为丰富的遗传多态性;经X2适合性检验表明两位点均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,这对保种是有利的.作者认为目前大额牛的保种应以传统保种方法为主,在泸水县、福贡县等地引种,异地纯繁成功的基础上,国家给予重点扶持,建立保种场和核心群进行重点保种;同时,应积极探索冻精、冻胚以及分子标记辅助保种和基因库保种等方法,加大生物技术保种的研究和应用力度;在必要的条件下建立大额牛冻精、冻胚的"基因库",开展细胞工程、胚胎工程方面的研究,并探讨细胞核移植作为大额牛遗传资源保存的可行性和现实性.     

松辽黑猪METTL23基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究松辽黑猪METTL23基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取178头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法查找METTL23基因外显子1~5的单核苷酸多态性(SNP),使用SPSS 19.0软件分析METTL23基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生重、3周龄重、断奶重、乳头数)的关联性。结果显示,仅在松辽黑猪METTL23基因外显子4发现1个SNP位点,命名为A62G,在A62G位点上检测到3种基因型,分别是AA、AG和GG。GG和G分别为优势基因型和优势等位基因,且A62G位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。该位点的遗传纯合度(Ho)为0.6516,高于遗传杂合度(He,0.3484),说明其在松辽黑猪群体中的变异较小;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.2877,属于中度多态位点(0.25<PIC<0.5),说明该遗传标记能够提供一定量的遗传信息。关联分析结果表明,GG基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著或极显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05;P<0.01),总产仔数还显著高于AG基因型个体(P<0.05);AG基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05);初生重、3周龄重、断奶重、乳头数各基因型间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,METTL23基因外显子4存在多态性位点A62G,该位点与松辽黑猪产仔数存在显著关联,可作为松辽黑猪产仔数的遗传标记,用于分子育种。     

草原红牛与中国荷斯坦牛GHR基因多态性及与产奶性状相关性分析

研究旨在分析生长激素受体(GHR)基因外显子10的多态性及其与奶牛产奶性状的相关性。选用30头草原红牛与145头中国荷斯坦牛为材料,采用PCR-RFLP的方法对该基因外显子多态性进行分析,并对突变位点用SPSS软件分析其与产奶性状的相关性。结果表明:GHR基因外显子10的扩增产物被限制性酶BsaH I酶切消化后表现出多态性,经电泳检测显现AA、AB、BB 3种不同的基因型。使用SPSS软件对所得基因型与产奶性状进行相关性分析发现,在中国荷斯坦牛群体中,AA型个体乳脂率显著高于BB型(P<0.05),AA型个体的体细胞数显著低于AB型个体(P<0.05),AA型为优势基因型,等位基因A可显著提高个体的乳脂率,降低个体体细胞数,为中国荷斯坦牛的早期选种选育、改善乳品质提供依据。     

RFRP基因多态性与中国荷斯坦牛超数排卵性状关系的研究

本试验将RFRP基因作为繁殖性状的候选基因,对其外显子进行扩增、测序、序列比较和PCRSSCP检测,研究该基因在荷斯坦牛不同个体之间的差异以及基因多态性与奶牛超数排卵处理效果的关系。其中,基因型AA、AG和GG的基因型频率分布为0.20、0.54和0.26。等位基因A和G的频率分别为0.47和0.53。GG基因型的卵子数量显著高于AG和AA基因型(P0.05)。因此认为,RFRP基因多态性很可能与超数排卵的卵子数量有关系,RFRP可作为提高可用胚胎数的一个候选基因。     

松辽黑猪OAS1基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的关联分析

为探究寡腺苷酸合成酶1（oligoadenylate synthase 1,OAS1）基因多态性与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性,试验选取130头松辽黑猪母猪为研究对象,利用Sanger直接测序法测序查找OAS1基因外显子1~8的SNP位点,使用SPSS 19.0软件分析OAS1基因SNP位点与松辽黑猪繁殖性状的关联性。结果显示,在松辽黑猪OAS1基因外显子2、3和6上共检测到33个突变位点;其中在外显子2的110 bp处存在1个SNP位点（G110C）,存在3种基因型：GG、GC和CC;在外显子3的176 bp处存在1个SNP位点（C176T）,存在3种基因型：CC、CT和TT;在外显子6的145 bp处存在1个SNP位点（C145T）,存在3种基因型：CC、CA和AA;在166 bp处存在1个SNP位点（G166A）,存在3种基因型：GG、GA和AA;在206 bp处存在1个SNP位点（A206G）,存在3种基因型：AA、AG和GG。卡方适合性检验结果显示,松辽黑猪OAS1基因G110C突变位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,C176T、C145A、G166A和G206A位点均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。群体遗传参数分析结果显示,各SNPs位点遗传杂合度均位于中等水平,为中度多态（0.25<PIC<0.5）。关联分析结果发现,G110C位点GC基因型个体总产仔数、产活仔数和断奶仔猪数均显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;C176T位点CT基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于CC基因型个体（P<0.05）;C145T位点CC基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数均显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）;G166A位点GA基因型个体断奶仔猪数显著高于GG基因型个体（P<0.05）;A206G位点GG基因型个体总产仔数和产活仔数显著高于AA基因型个体（P<0.05）。结果表明,OAS1基因外显子区存在突变位点,对松辽黑猪部分繁殖性状有显著性影响。     

梅花星猪Orexin基因多态性与其生长性状的关联分析

本研究旨在探索猪增食欲素（Orexin）基因的遗传多态性与梅花星猪各品系生长性状的相关性,以期为猪的高产选育提供一种新的分子标记,进而提高养殖场实际生产经济效益。使用PCR-RFLP方法对安系、梅系和蕲系共59头猪Orexin基因的第G516A位点进行了基因多态性检测,并分析其多态性与平均日增重、采食量、饲料转化效率等重要生长性状的相关性。结果表明,猪Orexin基因第G516A位点存在GG、GA和AA 3种基因型,在3个品系里均属于中度多态（0.250.05）。关联分析结果表明,Orexin基因GG、GA基因型对梅花星猪采食量和平均日增重有极显著影响。说明Orexin基因可作为一个潜在的分子标记。     

牦牛GHR基因exon10-1序列SNP多态性分析

生长激素受体基因GHR被认为是重要的泌乳性状候选基因。研究牦牛GHR基因SNP多态性是下一步开展牦牛乳用性能分子标记辅助选育的重要基础。本试验对牦牛GHR基因exon 10-1片段进行了SNP检测,结果表明:牦牛GHR基因exon 10-1含SNP多态位点3个,第267位G,形成GG和AG两种基因型,第336位T,形成TT和GT两种基因型,第650位A,形成AA和AC两种基因型,所有样本形成四种基因型GG/GT/AA、GG/TT/AC、GG/TT/AA、AG/TT/AA,其中GG/TT/AA为优势基因型。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.