猪流行性腹泻病毒、传染性胃肠炎病毒、A群轮状病毒和嵴病毒多重RTPCR检测方法的建立及临床应用

本研究建立了可同时检测猪流行性腹泻病毒（Porcineepidemicdiarrheavirus,PEDV）、传染性胃肠炎病毒（TransmissiblegastroenteritisVirus,TGEV）、A群轮状病毒（GroupArotavirus,GARV）和猪嵴病毒（Porcinekobu—virus）的多重RT—PCR方法。检测中,建立的多重RT—PCR方法能够检测到500Pg的TGEV、PEDV、GARV和猪嵴病毒等量混合RNA模板,与常规的单一RT—PCR检测结果基本相同（检测TGEV、PEDV、GARV和猪嵴病毒的灵敏性分别为1000A、1000／6、93．33％和96．67％,特异性均为i00％）。结果表明,建立的多重RTPCR方法敏感性和特异性良好,可作为临床上猪病毒性腹泻病因快速、高效的诊断工具。应用该方法对2010—2012年华中地区190份腹泻仔猪样本进行检测,PEDV、TGEV、GARV和猪嵴病毒的阳性率分别为62．11％、0．53％、7．37％和82．11％。混合感染方面,PEDV和猪嵴病毒混合感染率为47．89％,PEDV和GARV混合感染率为4．74％,GARV和猪嵴病毒混合感染率为7．37％,PEDV、GARV和猪嵴病毒混合感染率为4．74％,未发现TGEV与其它3种病毒的混合感染情况。另外,有27份样本中仅检出PEDV（14．21％）,57份样本只检出猪嵴病毒（30％）。分析表明,我国自2010年底大面积暴发的病毒性腹泻是多病原混合感染造成的,主要病原为PEDV,猪嵴病毒在其中所起作用尚待进一步验证和研究。     

应用多重RT-PCR方法检测158例猪粪样中的两种冠状病毒

根据GenBank上发表的猪流行性腹泻（PEDV）和猪传染性胃肠炎（TGEV）基因序列，针对其PEDVM（膜蛋白）基因保守区及TGEV的S基因（纤突蛋白基因）5’端保守区，各设计一对引物，可特异扩增出目的条带大小分别为467bp和1062bp。用上述两对引物对同一样品中的PEDV和TGEV可进行鉴别检测，对猪的其它病毒和细菌的PCR扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性测定结果表明：该双重PCR方法能检出PEDV1pg、TGEV0．1pg的模板。同时采用建立的多重RT-PCR及韩国引进的PEDV和TGEV病毒抗原快速诊断试剂盒检测结果显示：此多重RT-PCR方法特异性强，且较快速试剂盒更加敏感。应用多重RT-PCR对158份临床猪粪样的检测结果表明：我国很多猪场普遍存在TGEV和PEDV，尤其以PEDV污染更为严重，感染率达53．2％，但双重感染率较低，仅为4，4％。     

多重RT-PCR检测猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪流行性腹泻病毒

为了检测、区分猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)和猪流行性腹泻(PED)，建立了同时检测这2种疾病痛原体的多重PCR方法。参考GenBank登录的TGEV和PEDV纤突蛋白S基因序列，经DNAsis 2．0比较分析。分别筛选出TGEV、PEDVS基因相对保守区。以TGEV TH-98株(GenBank登陆号为AF494337)和PEDV CV777株(GenBank登陆号为NC003436)为参考模板，利用软件Primer3设计合成了2对寡核苷酸引物，以ST细胞培养的TGEV和PEDV毒株核酸为模板。利用所设计的2对引物进行多重RT-PCR扩增，结果同时得到与试验设计相符的499bp(TGEV)和199bp(PEDV)的扩增条带。而对其他3种猪病原的扩增结果均为阴性。敏感性试验结果表明。建立的多重RT-PCR方法可检测出10pgTGEV RNA和100pg PEDV RNA。     

PEDV、TGEV、PoRV和PKV多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为快速鉴别诊断猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪轮状病毒(PoRV)和猪嵴病毒(PKV),根据PEDV的M基因、TGEV的N基因、PoRV的VP6基因和PKV的3D基因序列设计4对特异性引物,通过PCR扩增目的片段并构建重组质粒,建立了一种可同时检测4种病毒的RT-PCR诊断方法,该方法可特异性扩增这4种病毒的相应片段,而对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)均无扩增,最低检出量分别为1.33×10^4、1.33×10^3、1.33×10^4、1.33×10^5copies/μL。应用该方法对临床55份猪腹泻样品进行检测,结果检测出14份PEDV、1份PoRV和27份PKV,未检出TGEV,其中PEDV和PKV混合感染9份。上述结果表明,建立的多重RT-PCR检测方法快速、特异、敏感,可用于以上4种腹泻病毒的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

猪传染性胃肠炎与流行性腹泻病毒二重RT-PCR 检测方法的建立及应用

为建立猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)与流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的快速鉴别诊断方法,本研究根据GenBank已登录的TGEV核蛋白(N)基因和PEDV膜蛋白(M)基因保守区域序列分别设计了1对特异性引物,以TGEV和PEDV混合总RNA为反转录模板,建立了TGEV和PEDV的二重RT-PCR检测方法,并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验;利用所建立的检测方法对临床疑似样品进行了应用检测,并对检测到的阳性样品进行克隆测序。结果表明,成功建立了TGEV和PEDV二重RT-PCR检测方法,该方法的检测灵敏度最低极限为10 TCID₅₀/mL病毒含量,重复性好,特异性强,可特异性地扩增TGEV和PEDV细胞培养物,但对ST细胞和其他7种病原对照扩增不出任何条带;对22份临床疑似TGEV和PEDV感染样品检测结果与测序结果完全一致。本研究成功建立了TGEV与PEDV二重RT-PCR检测方法,可适用于猪传染性胃肠炎和流行性腹泻病的快速鉴别诊断。     

3种致猪腹泻病毒的多重RT-PCR检测

试验建立了用于检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)与猪轮状病毒(PRV)的三重RT-PCR方法,以调查猪群中腹泻病毒感染情况.通过该方法对采自广东省规模化猪场的95份临床疑似病毒性腹泻病料进行了检测,结果表明,猪流行性性腹泻病毒阳性率为33.7%,猪传染性胃肠炎病毒阳性率为4.2%,猪轮状病毒阳性率为20%;猪流行性性腹泻病毒和猪轮状病毒混合感染率为8.4%,猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒混合感染率为2.1%.     

PEDV、TGEV和PRoV多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）及猪轮状病毒（PRoV）的快速鉴别检测方法,本试验针对PEDV、TGEV、PRoV的基因组序列设计3对特异性引物PEDV-N、TGEV-M和PRoV-VP6,分别扩增PEDV N基因、TGEV M基因和PRoV VP6基因。经优化反应条件,成功建立了能同时检测并区分PEDV、TGEV、PRoV的多重RT-PCR方法。该方法可特异扩增PEDV、TGEV、PRoV相应的基因片段,而与猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）均无交叉反应;对PEDV、TGEV、PRoV基因重组质粒标准品的检出限分别为1.41×10³、1.41×10²和1.41×10³拷贝/μL;在相同条件下重复试验可获得一致的结果。应用该方法对临床采集的190份腹泻病料进行检测,结果PEDV阳性42份,阳性率22.11%;TGEV阳性58份,阳性率30.53%;PRoV阳性34份,阳性率17.89%,且存在不同病毒混合感染的现象。结果表明,所建立的多重RT-PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好的优点,可用于PEDV、TGEV和PRoV的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

Establishment and Application of a Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Detection of PEDV,TGEV and PRoV

In this study,a multiplex RT-PCR assay was established to differentially detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine rotavirus (PRoV) after optimization of the reaction conditions.Three pairs of primers PEDV-N,TGEV-M and PRoV-VP6 were designed for specifically amplifying PEDV N gene,TGEV M gene and PRoV VP6 gene,respectively.The assay could specifically amplify PEDV,TGEV and PRoV,but not classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV),pseudorabies virus (PRV),porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).The detection limits of PEDV,TGEV and PRoV standard recombinant plasmids were 1.41×10³,1.41×10² and 1.41×10³ copies/μL,respectively.The repeated reaction under the same conditions obtained uniform results.The assay was used to detect a total number of 190 clinical samples,of which 42 (22.11%) samples were positive for PEDV,58 (30.53%) samples for TGEV and 34 (17.89%) samples for PRoV,and there were mixed infection among these viruses.The results indicated that this multiplex RT-PCR assay had the advantages of sensitivity,specificity and repeatability and provided a useful tool for differential detection and epidemiological investigation of PEDV,TGEV and PRoV.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒巢式RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用简

为建立一种快速、敏感的猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）检测方法,试验据GenBank中PEDV基因组序列,设计并合成针对M基因的内、外2对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立了检测PEDV的巢式RT-PCR方法。结果显示,单一使用外引物或内引物进行常规RT-PCR时检测限量均为50 pg PEDV RNA模板,而使用巢式RT-PCR可检测到50 fg PEDV RNA模板。使用该方法对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒及猪瘟病毒的扩增结果均为阴性。结果表明,建立的巢式RT-PCR方法特异性、敏感性好,可快速准确地检测出样本中微量PEDV核酸。     

2018年广西重要猪源病毒性疫病流行病学调查

为了解2018年广西猪群重要疫病流行情况,试验采集广西各地的病死猪组织样品及病猪腹泻拭子,应用多重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）,应用多重实时荧光定量PCR检测猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒1型（PCV1）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）及猪圆环病毒3型（PCV3）,应用多重RT-PCR检测猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪德尔塔冠状病毒（PDCoV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）和猪轮状病毒（PRoV）。结果显示,所检测的694份组织样品中,CSFV、PRRSV、HP-PRRSV、PRV、PCV1、PCV2、PCV3的阳性率分别为11.10%、18.88%、7.20%、5.19%、2.45%、67.00%和5.76%;2种病原混合感染率为41.21%,3种病原混合感染率为4.32%,其中PRRSV和PCV2混合感染率最高。所检测的792份肠内容物及拭子腹泻样品中,PEDV、PDCoV、TGEV、PRoV的阳性率分别为9.72%、5.81%、1.77%和6.31%;2种病原混合感染率为5.30%,其中PEDV和PRoV混合感染率最高。结果表明,当前多种重要病毒性疫病仍在广西猪群发生和流行,并且多重感染普遍存在,应进一步加强监测和防控。     

猪流行性腹泻新毒株的分离鉴定和致病性研究

为探明2011年我国猪群仔猪腹泻的病因,采用巢式RT-PCR方法对河南和辽宁省2个规模猪场采集43份出现腹泻的粪便进行猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）和轮状病毒（PRoV）的检测,结果表明：43份腹泻样品均为PEDV,没有检测出TGEV和PRoV。对扩增的PEDV进行测序和分析显示,这些PEDV流行毒株均属于基因G2.3亚型,彼此之间的同源性高达99.2%～100%,与2011年韩国和2008年泰国流行的PEDV毒株同属于一个进化分支。将其中3份病料在Vero细胞传代后接种2日龄仔猪,结果发现接种后13～57h内仔猪全部死亡,接种仔猪呈现典型的腹泻症状和病理变化特征,提示了这些PEDV流行毒株具有较强的致病性。     

猪病毒性腹泻分子流行病学调查

为了解近年来中国猪病毒性腹泻的发生现状,于2011年4月至2012年4月利用多重RT-PCR方法对采集于13个省市的猪腹泻样品和临床健康的样品进行了检测,结果显示,腹泻猪群样品中TGEV阳性率为2.65%,PEDV阳性率为24.49%,ARV阳性率为3.20%;在肠道组织样品中,TGEV的阳性率为3.11%,PEDV为14.83%,ARV为1.67%;粪便样品中,TGEV的阳性率为2.80%,PEDV为28.42%,ARV为4.86%;母猪(所产仔猪腹泻)乳汁中,TGEV阳性率为1.08%,PEDV为31.89%,ARV为0.54%。健康猪群样品中,保育与育肥阶段猪中PEDV阳性率为2.13%,ARV阳性率为1.42%;哺乳仔猪中ARV阳性率为12.86%。由此可知,目前中国猪病毒性腹泻以PED为主要病因,PEDV和TGEV在幼龄猪群中存在隐性感染现象,且3种病毒性腹泻均可通过母乳传播病毒。     

Establishment and Application of a Double RT-PCR Method for Detection of PEDV and TGEV

The study was aimed to establish a rapid one-step duplex RT-PCR detection method,which could be used to identify and diagnose PEDV and TGEV in clinical diarrhea cases.According to the gene sequences of PEDV and TGEV from GenBank,two pairs of specific primes were designed.Through optimizing and selecting of the best reaction conditions,we finally pinpointed the duplex one-step RT-PCR detection method with strong specificity,which could detect 1×10^-5 diluent degree of vaccine. Suspected samples,which were collected from different pig farms in 2015,were detected of PEDV with 100% positive rate.The method was rapid,high sensitivity and specificity,which could be used for clinical detection of PEDV and TGEV,and also for epidemiological investigation.     

Monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues.

An immunohistochemistry technique was developed for the diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). The technique was tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues from piglets naturally infected with PEDV. Five different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were tested in this study. PEDV antigen was consistently detected in the PLP (4% paraformaldehyde, 100 mM L-lysine dihydrochloride, 10 mM sodium m-periodate in phosphate-buffered saline)-fixed PEDV-infected Vero cells or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues from piglets naturally infected with PEDV. The C9-2-2 MAb gave the strongest reactivity and least background staining, detecting 10 of 10 infected pigs. The positive reaction was cytoplasmic. Positive enterocytes were distributed over the tip and along the sides of atrophied or fused villi in the jejunum and ileum. Positive-staining cells were not detected in the crypts. No staining was observed in cecum and colon. No positive cells were observed when the C9-2-2 MAb was reacted with the tissue sections from noninfected piglets or from transmissible gastroenteritus virus (TGEV)- and rotavirus-infected piglets. The selected anti-PEDV MAbs tested on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections are useful for diagnosis when virus isolation is not available. This method would be of particular value in countries where both PEDV and TGEV are epizootic and would aid in differentiating between PEDV and TGEV infection.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒一步法双重RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

本研究旨在建立一种用于临床腹泻病例中猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）快速检测的一步法双重RT-PCR方法。根据GenBank中收录的PEDV和TGEV的基因序列,分别设计两对特性引物,经最佳反应条件的优化和选择,结果显示,该一步法双重RT-PCR检测方法能同时特异性扩增PEDV和TGEV,该方法可检测到稀释度1×10^-5的疫苗毒。应用本方法检测2015年度实验室收集的疑似样品,PEDV阳性率为100%。本研究建立的方法快速、敏感性高、特异性强,可用于临床PEDV和TGEV的快速检测及流行病学调查。     

样品保存液在猪口腔液检测中的应用

猪口腔液作为血清、鼻腔拭子和肛拭子的替代品,已被用来检测和监测包括非洲猪瘟病毒在内的多种传染病。由于口腔液样品自身的复杂性,使得口腔液样品中的病原微生物容易降解,导致检测结果的不准确。试验的目的是分析动物DNA病毒(PRV)和RNA病毒(PRRSV)在口腔液样品中的储运条件对病原核酸检测结果的影响。将PRV和PRRSV与猪口腔液样品混合制备参考品,样品保存液A、B、C和生理盐水,在保存温度为4℃,25℃和40℃,保存0 d,3 d,7 d时分别提取各样品核酸,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法检测病毒样品量的变化。当用生理盐水作为样品保存液时,病毒的检出量下降;3种商业化的样品保存液在4℃条件下对病毒核酸都有保护作用,样品检出量优于其他温度条件。口腔液样品储运条件优选使用样品保存液,并在低温条件下储运最佳。     

Impact of porcine group A rotavirus co-infection on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pathogenicity in piglets

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine group A rotavirus (PGAR) are the main causative agents of acute diarrhea in piglets. In South Korea, PGAR is prevalent in piglets naturally infected with PEDV. Piglets naturally co-infected with PEDV and PGAR appeared to have severe and prolonged diarrhea that was distinct from that commonly observed. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PGAR co-infection on PEDV pathogenicity in piglets. Thirty-six colostrum-deprived, one-day old, Large White-Duroc crossbred pigs were randomly divided into four equal groups: PEDV, PEDV/PGAR, PGAR, and control groups. The piglets were euthanized at 1, 2, or 3 days post-inoculation (DPI) to measure the villous height:crypt depth (VH:CD) ratio and to collect fecal samples for RT-PCR and virus isolation. No significant differences in mean VH:CD ratio and clinical symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and anorexia) were observed between the PEDV/PGAR-infected and PEDV-infected groups of piglets at 1, 2 and 3 DPI; however, at 2 and 3 DPI, PGAR was detected in all fecal samples by RT-PCR and virus isolation. These findings failed to detect any interaction between PEDV and porcine rotavirus in the small intestines of piglets, suggesting that concurrent infection of PGAR may not synergistically enhance intestinal villous atrophy of piglets with PEDV disease. We propose that the severe diarrhea exhibited in PEDV and PGAR co-infected piglets may be more associated with the immunity level of the host rather than to any synergistic effect of PGAR on PEDV enteritis.     

The effects of storage temperature on goat milk somatic cell count using the DeLaval counter

This study investigated the influence of storage temperature and storage time on goat milk somatic cell counts (SCCs) determined using the DeLaval cell counter (DCC). SCCs were measured in 40 Majorera goat milk samples using the DCC device. Samples were grouped from high score (>2,750 × 10³ cells/mL) to low score (<630 × 10³ cell/mL) according to the SCC. Each milk sample was divided into four aliquots and stored at four different temperatures (4°C, 21°C, 36°C or 45°C). The SCC was recorded every hour for 12 hours. Storage of goat milk with a high SCC for 5, 5, 2 or 1 hour at 4°C, 21°C, 36°C or 45°C, respectively, decreased the SCC value compared to fresh milk. The goat milk SCC was lower after 1 hour of storage than that determined for fresh milk at any tested temperature in low-SCC samples. The data presented herein suggest that regardless of storage temperature, goat milk samples should not be stored for more than 1 hour before measurement of SCC with a DCC device.