畜禽及环境中沙门氏菌的PCR快速检测与控制

本文运用PCR技术检测家畜及环境中的沙门氏菌,25种沙门氏菌均获得特异性扩增,3种非沙门氏菌检测结果为阴性。表明PCR技术具有快速简便、敏感高和特异性强等优点,值得在沙门氏菌的快速检测中推广应用。并简要介绍了沙门氏菌的相关控制措施。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌PCR检测技术的建立与应用

为鸡沙门氏菌的临床检测提供了一种更快速、敏感、特异的诊断,参照GeneBank中已公布的的鸡白痢沙门氏菌fliC基因序列,合成出了一对引物,使用PCR法对1株沙门氏标准菌株和其他3株非沙门氏菌标准菌株进行DNA抽提扩增并检测其敏感度。采用上述技术,对12份可疑病料及10份饲料进行PCR检测,同时与传统检测方法进行比较。结果表明1株沙门氏菌PCR产物出现600 bp的特异性DNA扩增带,而非沙门氏菌均未出现扩增条带,证明所设计引物具有沙门氏菌特异性;通过敏感度检测,此PCR体系能检出50 pg以上的细菌DNA,敏感性较高。运用PCR法阳性检出率及敏感性均高于常规检测方法。由此可见,沙门氏菌PCR检测是一种快速、敏感和高度特异的诊断方法。     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌与其它致病性沙门氏菌的血清型特异性PCR鉴别检测方法的建立

为建立鸡白痢沙门氏菌与其他常见致病性沙门氏菌的血清型特异性快速PCR检测方法,本研究通过对Gen Bank中鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡伤寒沙门氏菌和肠炎沙门氏菌全基因组进行生物信息学分析,确定SEEP17495基因为鸡白痢沙门氏菌的检测靶基因,设计特异性引物,建立了一种能够直接从粪便样品中检测鸡白痢沙门氏菌的PCR检测方法。结果显示:该方法对于两株鸡白痢沙门氏菌均可以特异性地扩增出356 bp的目的片段,但对于7株常见非沙门氏菌致病菌和29株其他常见致病性沙门氏菌血清型的扩增结果均为阴性。该方法无论检测鸡白痢沙门氏菌纯培养菌,还是检测模拟鸡粪样品中的鸡白痢沙门氏菌,检测的灵敏度均为103cfu/m L。本研究建立的PCR检测方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏性,并且能够快速检测出粪便样品中的鸡白痢沙门氏菌,为鸡白痢沙门氏菌的检测提供了一种快速、有效的方法。     

饲料中沙门氏菌的PCR检测方法研究

研究应用PCR技术建立饲料中沙门氏菌的快速检测方法,根椐沙门氏菌的invA基因核苷酸序列设计1对特异性引物,分别对4种沙门氏菌的标准菌株及2种非沙门氏菌株进行PCR扩增。结果:4种沙门氏菌均扩增出331bp的特异条带,非沙门氏菌皆无特异条带,特异性达100%,敏感性达104cfu/ml。DNA序列分析证实,所扩增片段为沙门氏菌的invA基因的特异性片断。本研究建立的沙门氏菌检验方法具有较高的特异性和灵敏性,invA基因的序列分析表明,其基因序列较保守,可以做为PCR检验的目的模板。     

食源性沙门氏菌快速检测技术的应用研究

通过样品试验,得到优化的沙门氏菌检验方法,了解上海地区沙门氏菌 污染情况.在免疫胶体金技术、单抗直接ELISA、PCR法检测沙门氏菌的基础上,将 PCR法和单抗直接ELISA三种快速检测方法进行比较研究.用免疫胶体金技术、直接E LISA、PCR法对鸡蛋、水样、牛奶、猪肉、牛肉、虾仁等样品401份进行沙门氏菌检测,并与 常规国标方法对比,直接ELISA法的敏感性和特异性达100%和97.3%,免疫胶体金技术敏感 性和特异性达100%和95.3%,PCR法的敏感性和特异性均为100%.通过对样品的检测, 最终确定较优化的沙门氏菌检测程序.PCR法的特异性优于免疫胶体金技术和直接ELISA法.对大量样品检测,可采用免疫胶体金技术或直接ELISA法筛检,除去大量阴性样品,阳性样品用PCR法作进一步鉴定;需要确定血清型时则用国标法.     

PCR技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌的应用研究

用聚合酶反映(PCR)技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌。对已知被沙门氏菌污染的动物饲料的培养物均能检出阳性,说明此方法对检测饲料中沙门氏菌具有特异性高、灵敏、快速等特点,适用于快速和准确地检测饲料中沙门氏菌的需要。     

PCR技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌的应用研究

用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌,对已知被沙门氏菌污染的动物饲料培养物均能检出阳性,说明本方法对检测饲料中沙门氏菌具有特异性高、灵敏、快速等特点,适用于快速、准确地检测饲料中沙门氏菌的需要。     

基于等位基因特异性PCR原理建立鸡白痢沙门氏菌PCR方法

根据鸡白痢沙门氏菌与鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的rfbS基因在第237和598位碱基的不同,设计和合成等位基因特异性PCR引物,建立快速检测鸡白痢沙门氏菌的PCR方法,并应用该法对鸡白痢沙门氏菌临床分离样品进行了PCR鉴定。结果显示,该PCR方法能特异性地鉴定鸡白痢沙门氏菌,检测灵敏度达18 pg/μL DNA,4.7×10⁴ CFU/mL菌液,表明建立的等位基因特异性PCR方法能准确而快速地鉴定鸡白痢沙门氏菌。     

环介导恒温扩增(LAMP)-检测沙门氏菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测沙门氏菌的LAMP方法。根据沙门氏菌invA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性试验,通过LAMP与PCR灵敏度的试验与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为63℃,只对沙门氏菌进行扩增;沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为7～8cfu/mL。LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测沙门氏菌的新方法。     

环介导恒温扩增（LAMP）——检测沙门氏菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测沙门氏菌的LAMP方法。根据沙门氏菌invA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性试验,通过LAMP与PCR灵敏度的试验与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为63℃,只对沙门氏菌进行扩增;沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为7～8cfu／mL。LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测沙门氏菌的新方法。     

The prevalence and PCR detection of Salmonella contamination in raw poultry

Contaminated poultry meat has been identified as one of the principal foodborne sources of Salmonella. The development of rapid detection assays for Salmonella would enable official agencies and food industries to identify contaminated foodstuffs in a more timely manner. In addition, these diagnostic tools could allow more 'real time' decisions to be made regarding end product acceptability. In this study, a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in raw broiler carcasses. A total of 198 neck skin samples were obtained from within 40 flocks at a commercial broiler slaughtering facility. The presence of Salmonella was assessed by traditional culture methods and by a Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Salmonella was recovered from 32 (16%) of all samples using traditional culture methods. In contrast, the PCR assay proved to be more sensitive and detected Salmonella DNA in 38 (19%) of the samples tested. The pathogen was detected in 45 (23%) of the 198 samples when culture and PCR results were combined. The sensitivity of the PCR test was also greater than culture when detecting Salmonella from within flocks (53% of flocks by PCR, 30% of flocks by culture). The combination of both tests revealed that 55% of the flocks were contaminated with Salmonella. The PCR assay proved to be a highly specific and sensitive method for detecting Salmonella and the incorporation of a routine PCR test in conjunction with standard culture could be effective in providing a more accurate profile of the prevalence of this pathogen in broiler carcasses.     

Use of pooled samples for the detection of Salmonella in feces by polymerase chain reaction.

Many epidemiological studies of Salmonella rely on conventional bacteriological culture methods to detect Salmonella in fecal samples. These culture-based methods are inefficient for epidemiological studies in populations with a low prevalence of Salmonella. The objective of this study was to optimize a protocol that uses pooled Salmonella enrichment broth cultures of bovine feces and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of the invA gene of Salmonella in feces. In one field trial, 196 animals were sampled, and all samples were tested by culture, invA PCR on individual samples, invA PCR on pools of 5 samples, and BAX PCR on individual samples. All assays showed a high agreement on individual samples (kappa > or = 0.75). The invA PCR was run on each of 40 pools and detected 19 of 22 culture-positive pools. In another field trial, 152 samples were taken from 4 dairies, and the invA PCR was performed on pools of 5 samples in addition to bacteriological culture of individual samples. Salmonella was detected in 5 of the 32 pools (7 total positive samples) by both PCR and culture. One pool was PCR-positive but culture-negative. Pooling did not dramatically affect the performance of the invA PCR; most of the culture-positive samples were detected, including all of the samples when there were 4 or more Salmonella colonies on the agar plate. Based on these field trials, invA PCR on pooled samples appears to be an efficient method of Salmonella detection as long as Salmonella loads are not extremely low.     

Influence of enrichment media and application of a PCR based method to detect Salmonella in poultry industry products and clinical samples.

To attempt the rapid detection of Salmonella enterica, we have coupled a culture procedure with PCR amplification of the genus-specific invE/invA genes. The method was applied to different kinds of samples from the poultry industry and evaluated by using hydrolyzed feather meal, meat meal, litter and viscera, all experimentally inoculated with a known number of Salmonella followed by cultivation in selenite--cystine broth prior to the PCR reaction. The expected 457bp specific DNA fragment could be amplified from dilutions containing as few as 5.7CFU, indicating that the PCR technique can be successfully coupled with culture in an enrichment broth to distinguish Salmonella species from other enteric bacteria present in samples from the poultry industry. Tetrathionate broth proved to be a much better enrichment media compared to selenite-cystine when the presence of Salmonella was evaluated by PCR in 1-day-old chicks experimentally infected with known numbers of Salmonella. Samples included cecal tonsils and viscera, collected at 48h and 7 days postinfection. The PCR technique was more sensitive in detecting infected animals than the standard microbiological procedure, which detected only 47% of all PCR positive samples.     

沙门菌和志贺菌二重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank提供的沙门菌invA基因序列和志贺菌ipaH基因序列设计引物,建立了二重PCR方法,在同一反应体系同时检测两种致病菌核酸,经二重PCR方法扩增后,在同一泳道同时检出沙门菌284 bp和志贺菌611 bp特异性扩增条带,而普通大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、阪畸大肠埃希菌、绿脓杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、马链球菌、产单核细胞李斯特菌、鹅大肠埃希菌、猪水肿病大肠埃希菌均未出现这两种条带.对PCR产物进行测序,测序结果与已发表的基因核苷酸序列比较,沙门菌同源性为93%～100%,志贺菌同源性为98%～100%.应用建立的沙门菌和志贺菌二重PCR方法对广西6个试验猴养殖场1 665份猴粪便样品进行检测,检出沙门菌阳性25份,志贺菌阳性90份,阳性检出率分别为1.5%和5.4%.表明建立的沙门菌和志贺菌二重PCR检测方法特异性强、敏感性高,适用于临床粪便样品的快速检测.     

Evaluation of a PCR to detect Salmonella in fecal samples of horses admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital.

The diagnostic accuracy of a PCR used to identify horses shedding Salmonella spp. in their feces during hospitalization was estimated, relative to bacterial culture of serially collected fecal samples, using longitudinal data. Five or more fecal samples were collected from each of 116 horses admitted as inpatients, for reasons other than gastrointestinal disease, between July 26, 2001 and October 25, 2002. All 873 fecal samples collected were tested with a PCR based on oligonucleotide primers defining a highly conserved segment of the histidine transport operon gene of Salmonella typhimurium, and each sample was cultured for Salmonella spp. One or more samples from 87 (75%) horses were PCR positive, and Salmonella was cultured from 1 or more samples from 11 (9.5%) horses. All culture-positive horses had at least 1 PCR-positive result, whereas only 29 (28%) culture-negative horses were PCR negative on all fecal samples tested. The PCR was most specific, relative to bacterial culture of serially collected fecal samples, when used to test samples from Quarterhorse or breeds other than Thoroughbred or Standardbred, or from clinical (vs. healthy, accompanying horses) cases. Overall, the PCR had the greatest agreement (70%), compared with bacterial culture of serially collected fecal samples, using a cutoff of 2 or more positive PCR test results to define a Salmonella-positive horse. The reasons why some fecal samples, from which Salmonella organisms cannot be isolated, are PCR positive need to be determined before the PCR can be incorporated into Salmonella surveillance programs for hospitalized equine populations.     

沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7双重荧光PCR检测方法的研究

目的建立一种能同时检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性食品的快速检验。方法根据沙门氏菌invA基因和大肠杆菌O157:H7 RFBE基因的保守序列,设计引物和探针,通过优化反应条件,建立可同时检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的双重荧光PCR方法,应用于动物源性食品的检验,并与miniVIDAS快速初筛方法和SN标准方法进行比较。结果本研究建立的双重荧光PCR方法可同时快速检测沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7,对纯菌的检测灵敏度均低于10CFU/双重荧光PCR反应体系。应用本方法检测36株标准/参考菌株,结果只有9株目的菌标准/参考菌株出现特异性扩增,其余27株非目的菌均呈阴性反应。定量检测重复性试验结果,批内和批间的变异系数均小于2%。应用本方法检测人工染菌样品,结果与miniVIDAS和SN方法检测结果一致,但检测时间比miniVIDAS快了3倍,比SN标准快了10多倍。结论本研究建立的双重荧光PCR方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、重复性好的优点,可在8小时内完成样品沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌O157:H7的检验。     

Estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of the invA-gene-based PCR technique and a bacteriological culture for the detection of Salmonella spp. in caecal content from slaughtered pigs using Bayesian analysis

The goal of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the invA-gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a culture technique based on pre-enrichment with buffered peptone water, three selective enrichment media (selenite, tetrathionate and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broths) and four selective, solid media (Xylose-Lysine-Tergitol-4, Salmonella/Shigella, Hekton-Enteric and MacConkey), for the detection of Salmonella organisms from caecal samples from slaughter pigs. For this purpose a latent-class (Bayesian) approach was used. Two hundred and three slaughtered pigs were used after grouping them into two groups of 96 and 107 animals. Sensitivity (Se) was estimated to be 56% (95% probability interval 40, 76) for culture and 91% (81, 97) for PCR. The specificity (Sp) of the PCR was 88% (80, 95) while the Sp of the culture had been considered 100% in the statistical analysis as all culture-positive samples were confirmed by serotyping. PCR Se was not affected by the Salmonella serotypes present in the samples analysed. Accordingly, a minimum of 25.5% of the pigs was estimated to harbour Salmonella organisms in their faeces. It was concluded that bacteriology on caecal samples alone was a poor diagnostic method, and that the PCR method could be considered a cost-effective alternative to culture in Salmonella monitoring programmes. However, given the moderate Sp of this molecular technique, PCR-positive samples should be further confirmed through bacteriology.     

The detection and determination of potential virulence of Salmonella spp. using PCR method

The aim of this study was to prove that PCR is a very useful method to identify Salmonella strains and to determine their virulence factors by amplification of characteristic genetic markers. Investigations included 5 strains of Salmonella which were obtained from pure cultures and 1 Salmonella strain from the mixed culture. Genotypic analysis of 6 examined strains revealed the 163-bp fragment of chromosomal DNA, which is the DNA rep. ori. gene, encoding the particular genus. In all of these strains 215-bp, 203-bp and 204-bp chromosomal DNA fragments were identified as representing the stn, stpA and spaO genes that confirmed their virulence. These amplification products were identified in both pure and mixed culture from pork. Sensitive and rapid PCR method may be used not only for identification of Salmonella strains and for determination of their virulence factors but also for routine microbiological diagnostic of food pathogens.     

成都某种禽场鸡胚沙门氏菌的检测

对四川省成都市某种禽场的156个死胚进行沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性检测.本试验采用沙门氏菌显色培养基、肠杆菌科生化鉴定管、三糖铁试验、沙门氏菌多价血清和16S rRNA PCR鉴定5种方法对疑似菌株进行鉴定,并用6种毒力岛基因将分离的沙门氏菌进行PCR鉴定.结果显示,沙门氏菌的分离率为15.4%(24/156),其中伤寒沙门氏菌占58.3%(14/24);fimY、invA和mgtC毒力基因的检测率均为100%;本试验分离菌对大部分沙门氏菌临床药物表现出明显的耐药性.     

Detection of Salmonella in Chicken Embryos in a Breeding Poultry Field of Chengdu

In a poultry farm of Chengdu city,Sichuan province,isolation,identification and drug sensitivity test of Salmonella were conducted from 156 dead embryos.In this experiment,we used Salmonella chromogenic medium,biochemical identification of enterobacteriaceae,trisaccharide iron experiment,Salmonella polyvalent serum and 16S rRNA PCR to identify suspected strains,PCR identification of isolated Salmonella were conducted with 6 kinds of virulence genes.The results concluded that Salmonella separation rate was 15.4%(24/156),including Salmonella typhi accounted for 58.3%(14/24); Detection rates of fimY,invA and mgtC virulence genes were all 100%;The isolated Salmonella were resistant to most clinical drugs to Salmonella.