猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗与猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗同时接种的免疫效果评价

为评价猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)灭活疫苗同时免疫效果,本实验采用猪瘟活疫苗(细胞源)和PCV2灭活疫苗(LG株)两种疫苗同时分点注射和混合注射35日龄仔猪,于免疫后间隔3周、5周、7周、9周采血,通过猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗体检测试剂盒和PCV2抗体检测试剂盒进行CSFV和PCV2特异性抗体检测。结果显示,无论是两种疫苗同时颈部两侧分点分别注射,还是用PCV2灭活疫苗稀释CSFV活疫苗后混合免疫,免疫后3周CSFV和PCV2抗体均呈阳性,CSFV抗体滴度和PCV2抗体滴度于7周和9周达到峰值,与各疫苗单独免疫对照组抗体产生时间和滴度无明显差异。实验表明,两种疫苗可以同时注射或采用PCV2灭活疫苗稀释CSFV活疫苗进行免疫,均不影响各自免疫抗体的产生。因此,可以将PCV2灭活疫苗作为CSFV活疫苗的稀释剂,采用一次性注射的形式同时接种这两种疫苗,为简化这两种病临床疫苗免疫注射方面提供了实验依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型和猪瘟病毒抗体检测与分析

目的检测临汾市某县猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的抗体水平.方法分别从该县的企业、散户、大户的猪只中采集血清186份,应用ELISA方法检测抗体水平.结果 PCV2抗体阳性率平均为83.33%,CSFV抗体阳性率平均为54.83%.结论该县猪圆环病毒2型感染严重,猪瘟疫苗免疫抗体水平偏低,与猪瘟疫苗使用不当、猪圆环病毒2型感染存在一定关系.     

盘点养猪2009之:猪圆环病毒病流行病学调查与分析

通过对2009年163个发病猪场的临床发病情况和实验室检测结果进行回顾总结,发现猪群因圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染而发病的日龄有增大趋势;PCV2病原检出率与猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)检出率有一定的同步消长关系;PCVD发病可能与猪瘟疫苗、口蹄疫疫苗免疫时间处在PCV2感染初期有一定关系。     

猪圆环病毒2型疫苗研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染后会导致断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)等"猪圆环病毒相关疾病"(PCVADs),给全球养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。疫苗免疫是防控该病的有效手段,近年来市场上推出了PCV2灭活疫苗、嵌合疫苗和亚单位疫苗。PCV2变异较快,主要临床流行毒株从PCV2b逐渐演变为PCV2d,现有商业化疫苗免疫效果需进一步研究证实。论文就近年来国内外PCV2传统疫苗、新型基因工程疫苗、PCV2疫苗与其他疫苗联合免疫的研究进展进行综述,旨在为猪圆环病毒相关疾病的防控及疫苗的开发与利用提供参考。     

猪瘟疫苗在猪圆环病毒2型阳性猪场的免疫效果观察

为了研究猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)感染对猪瘟疫苗免疫效力的影响,对PCR证实为PCV-2阳性的试验猪进行猪瘟疫苗的免疫,分别在免疫后第1、3、7、14、21、28和63天对试验猪进行猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和PCV-2的抗体检测。检测结果表明PCV-2阳性猪在猪瘟疫苗免疫后均未能产生有效的CSFV抗体,从免疫猪的血液和内脏组织中也未能检测到CSFV核酸。虽然只能从1头PCV-2阳性猪的血清中检测到PCV-2抗体,但是却能从全部实验猪的淋巴结中检测到PCV-2的核酸。试验猪的病理组织学观察和白细胞计数也表明PCV-2阳性猪的淋巴结呈典型的PCV-2感染的病理变化,且白细胞数量显著低于健康猪。表明PCV-2的感染会对猪的免疫系统造成损害从而抑制猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响

为了解猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染对猪瘟(CSF)弱毒疫苗诱导的体液免疫的影响,从未接种PCV2疫苗的猪场育肥猪中选取疑似病猪和健康猪各10头,分为A、B、两组,其中A组经ELISA试剂盒检测PCV2抗体呈阳性。A、B两组同时免疫CSF弱毒疫苗,免疫后每隔2周检测CSFV抗体水平。结果显示:感染PCV2后的猪只,CSFV抗体为阴性,而未感染PCV2组在接种CSF弱毒疫苗后抗体阳性率较高,抗体水平呈现逐渐升高的趋势,提示PCV2感染对CSF弱毒疫苗的产生有明显的抑制作用。     

猪圆环病毒2型疫苗的研究进展

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的主要病原,给全球养猪业造成了巨大经济损失.PCV2感染可以破坏动物机体的免疫系统,造成严重的免疫抑制,容易诱发多种细菌及病毒的混合感染与继发感染,给疾病的诊断和治疗带来巨大的困难.疫苗免疫接种是防控PCV2感染的有效手段,有关PCV2疫苗的研究已成为国内外学者的关注热点.迄今为止,欧美几家跨国公司已先后推出商品化的PCV2灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗及嵌合病毒疫苗,国内也已研制出PCV2灭活疫苗,这些疫苗的推广应用为有效防控猪圆环病毒病发挥了重要作用.鉴于这些疫苗尚不能完全阻断PCV2传播,无法彻底清除体内感染的病毒,因此,开发高效、价廉的新型活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗及标记疫苗是今后研究的趋势.笔者在本文中概括地介绍了目前商品化的PCV2疫苗的特性和免疫效力,并对近年来有关PCV2活载体疫苗、核酸疫苗及标记疫苗等新型疫苗的研究进展进行综述,以期为猪圆环病毒病的防制提供参考.     

猪圆环病毒2型、猪肺炎支原体二联灭活疫苗与猪瘟活疫苗混合免疫效果评价

为评价猪圆环病毒2型、猪肺炎支原体二联灭活疫苗(以下简称圆支二联苗)与猪瘟活疫苗混合免疫效果,本研究利用圆支二联苗作为稀释剂稀释猪瘟(CSFV)活疫苗,稀释后的混合疫苗在室温放置0、1 h、2 h取样测定CSFV含量,结果显示放置2 h CSFV含量未下降,表明圆支二联苗作为稀释剂不影响CSFV含量。用圆支二联苗对仔猪首次免疫,首免后14 d用稀释后的混合疫苗二免,分别在二免后21 d和28 d利用猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)和猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)攻毒,结果显示圆支二联苗和CSFV活疫苗混合使用的免疫效果与单独使用圆支二联苗的免疫效果相当,针对PCV2的攻毒保护率均为80%,针对Mhp攻毒,混合疫苗免疫的仔猪肺炎病变减少率分别为73.1%和75.0%。此外,分别在混合疫苗和CSFV活疫苗免疫仔猪后不同时间采血,检测血清中CSFV抗体水平,结果显示混合疫苗免疫一次与CSFV活疫苗免疫一次后CSFV抗体水平相当。以上结果表明圆支二联苗可以作为稀释剂稀释CSFV活疫苗,一次性注射免疫,各疫苗免疫效力均不受影响。本研究为临床免疫程序优化及相关疫病的防制提供了实验依据。     

猪圆环病毒疫苗临床免疫效果观察

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是危害世界养猪业的一个重要病原,造成巨大经济损失。本试验选用PCV2 SH毒株水包油包水乳剂及其水佐剂灭活疫苗、进口的Ingelvac~?CircoFLEX~(TM)基因工程亚单位疫苗和国产的大肠杆菌表达的重组Cap亚单位疫苗,在确诊PCV2感染的某规模化猪场开展仔猪免疫试验。结果显示:两种PCV2 SH株灭活疫苗均能明显降低发病率和死亡率,降低病毒血症,提高日增重,其免疫效果与CircoFLEX疫苗相当,优于大肠杆菌表达的重组Cap亚单位疫苗,值得推广应用。     

单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光检测猪瘟病毒方法的建立

以作者制备的抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体(anti-CSFV McAb)为一抗、荧光素标记羊抗小鼠IgG为二抗,通过反应条件的优化,建立检测猪瘟病毒抗原的间接免疫荧光(IFA)检测方法。确定IFA最佳工作条件:CSFV最佳接种浓度和培养条件为CSFV 10-3倍稀释后接种PK15细胞,37℃5%CO2恒温箱中培养36 h;McAb最适工作浓度为1∶1 000倍稀释;荧光素标记的羊抗小鼠IgG荧光抗体的最适工作浓度为1∶50倍稀释。特异性试验表明,用建立的IFA检测方法检测CSFV感染PK15细胞为阳性,而检测伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪2型圆环病毒(PCV-2)感染PK15细胞均为阴性。结果表明,建立的检测细胞培养中CSFV抗原的IFA检测方法具有敏感特异、简便快速等优点,可用于CSFV感染的实验室诊断及CSFV在感染细胞中的定位和动态分布研究。     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪瘟疫苗体液免疫应答的影响

采用ELISA方法对单独接种猪瘟疫苗组(CSFV组,n=3)、PCV2感染且出现病毒血症后接种猪瘟疫苗组(PCV2/CSFV组,n=3)及PCV2感染同时接种猪瘟疫苗组(CSFV/PCV2组,n=3)不同时相血清中的猪瘟抗体进行检测;并对PCV2感染对照组(PCV2组)及PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2组血清中PCV2特异的抗体和核酸分别进行ELISA和PCR检测.结果表明,在接种后52 d CSFV组血清中抗体的阻断值显著高于CSFV/PCV2组(P<0.05);接种后42 d和52 d CSFV组平均抗体效价明显高于PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2组,其中在52 d CSFV组抗体阳性率这100%(3/3)而PCV2/CSFV和CSFV/PCV2在相应时相抗体阳性率仅为67%(2/3).结果提示PCV2感染可在一定程度上抑制猪瘟疫苗特异性的抗体反应.     

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection decreases the efficacy of an attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine

ABSTRACT: The Lapinized Philippines Coronel (LPC) vaccine, an attenuated strain of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is an important tool for the prevention and control of CSFV infection and is widely and routinely used in most CSF endemic areas, including Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PCV2 infection affects the efficacy of the LPC vaccine. Eighteen 6-week-old, cesarean-derived and colostrum-deprived (CDCD), crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to four groups. A total of 105.3 TCID50 of PCV2 was experimentally inoculated into pigs through both intranasal and intramuscular routes at 0 days post-inoculation (dpi) followed by LPC vaccination 12 days later. All the animals were challenged with wild-type CSFV (ALD stain) at 27 dpi and euthanized at 45 dpi. Following CSFV challenge, the LPC-vaccinated pigs pre-inoculated with PCV2 showed transient fever, viremia, and viral shedding in the saliva and feces. The number of IgM+, CD4+CD8-CD25+, CD4+CD8+CD25+, and CD4-CD8+CD25+ lymphocyte subsets and the level of neutralizing antibodies against CSFV were significantly higher in the animals with LPC vaccination alone than in the pigs with PCV2 inoculation/LPC vaccination. In addition, PCV2-derived inhibition of the CSFV-specific cell proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was demonstrated in an ex vivo experiment. These findings indicate that PCV2 infection decreases the efficacy of the LPC vaccine. This PCV2-derived interference may not only allow the invasion of wild-type CSFV in pig farms but also increases the difficulty of CSF prevention and control in CSF endemic areas.     

PRRSV-VR2332减毒活疫苗不影响猪瘟疫苗和猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗诱导的抗体产生

本研究拟评估仔猪接种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征减毒活疫苗对猪圆环病毒病疫苗、猪瘟疫苗免疫的干扰情况,并分析不同免疫方式对仔猪生长性能的影响,以期为探究PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2、CSF疫苗的联合免疫提供数据参考。本研究先以100头仔猪为研究对象,将其随机分为A、B、C、D 4组。其中A组仔猪免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗7 d后免疫PCV2疫苗;B组仔猪同期分点注射PRRSV减毒活疫苗和PCV2疫苗;C组仔猪仅免疫PCV2疫苗;D组仔猪仅免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗。另外再筛选100头仔猪,随机分为E、F、G、H 4组。E组仔猪于免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗12 d后免疫CSF疫苗;F组仔猪同期分点注射PRRSV减毒活疫苗和CSF疫苗;G组仔猪仅免疫CSF疫苗;H组仔猪仅免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗。免疫4周后,测定仔猪血清中相关抗体水平。同时,称量免疫前后各组仔猪的体重,计算不同免疫方案仔猪的平均日增重。结果表明：A~D组中, A组和B组仔猪在免疫4周后均产生了较高水平的PRRSV及PCV2抗体,且A组抗体水平略高于B组。C组仔猪仅产生了PCV2抗体,D组仔猪产生了较高水平的PRRSV抗体。E~H 4组中,E组和F组仔猪均产生了较高水平的PRRSV及CSFV抗体。G组仔猪仅产生了高水平的CSFV抗体,H组仔猪仅产生了高水平的PRRSV抗体。A、B、C、D 4组中B组仔猪的平均日增重最高;而E、F、G、H 4组中E组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于其他3组。PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2疫苗或CSF疫苗同期分点免疫、免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗一段时间后再免疫PCV2或CSF疫苗均能诱导仔猪产生高水平的抗体;在体液免疫方面,PRRSV减毒活疫苗免疫与否均未对另外二种疫苗表现出明显的干扰作用。在仔猪28日龄时同期分点免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2疫苗,12 d后再免疫CSF疫苗的免疫方案不仅能诱导仔猪产生高水平抗体,还可以使仔猪具备较高的平均日增重。     

Efficacy of single dose of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) whole-virus vaccine with oil adjuvant in piglets

Background

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) associated with PCV2 is one of the most costly diseases currently faced by the swine industry. The development of effective vaccines against PCV2 infection has been accepted as an important strategy in the prophylaxis of PMWS.

Methods

In the present study, a PK-15 cell-adapted formalin-inactivated prototype vaccine candidate was prepared using a strain of PCV2 from China. Inactivation of the virus was accomplished using a standard formalin inactivation protocol. The protective properties of the inactivated PCV2 vaccine were evaluated in piglets. Ten 28-day-old pigs were randomly assigned to two groups, each with five. Group 1 was vaccinated intramuscularly with the inactivated virus preparation; Group 2 received sterile PBS as a placebo. By 28 days post-vaccination (DPV), Groups 1 and 2 were challenged intranasally and intramuscularly with 5 × 10⁷ TCID₅₀ of a virulent PCV2 isolate.

Results

The vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 and had high levels of serum antibodies to PCV2 at 28 days after vaccination, whereas the control pigs remained seronegative. No significant signs of clinical disease were recorded following the challenge with PCV2, but moderate amounts of PCV2 antigen were detected in most lymphoid organs of the control pigs. PCV2 was detected in two out of the five vaccinated pigs. Furthermore, pathological lesions and viremia were milder in the vaccinated group.

Conclusions

The obtained results indicate that the inactivated PCV2 virus vaccine with an oil adjuvant induce an immunological response in pigs that appears to provide protection from infection with PCV2. The vaccine, therefore, may have the potential to serve as a vaccine aimed to protect pigs from developing PMWS.     

Vaccination with inactivated or live-attenuated chimeric PCV1-2 results in decreased viremia in challenge-exposed pigs and may reduce transmission of PCV2

The objectives were to determine transmissibility of PCV2 to na?ve contact pigs 140 days after infection of resident pigs and the benefit of vaccination with live-attenuated or inactivated chimeric PCV2 vaccines on chronic PCV2 infection. Twelve 6-week old PCV2 na?ve pigs were randomly divided into four groups of three pigs: negative controls, positive controls, and pigs vaccinated with either a live-attenuated or inactivated chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine. All animals were bled weekly and tested for anti-PCV2 antibodies and PCV2 and PCV1-2 DNA and all groups except negative controls were challenged at 10 weeks. Two pigs vaccinated with the live PCV2 vaccine were PCV1-2 viremic at a single observation point. Both vaccine regimens induced an anti-PCV2 antibody response which was detected sooner and reached a higher level with the commercial inactivated vaccine. Both vaccines significantly decreased the concentration and duration of PCV2 viremia compared to the positive controls. PCV2 DNA was detected in lymphoid tissues of 1/3 pigs in the live-attenuated vaccine group and 3/3 positive control pigs. Three, 2-week old, PCV2 na?ve contact pigs were comingled with each group at 168 days post-vaccination or 140 days post-challenge. After seven days of co-housing, the resident pigs were removed and the contact pigs remained for six weeks. Evidence of chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine or PCV2 challenge virus transmission to na?ve contact pigs was lacking in all groups. The results of this study suggest that 140-day closure of a small pig population in a controlled environment may result in stabilization and elimination of PCV2.     

三个厂家猪瘟活疫苗免疫效果比较试验

在同一条件下对3个厂家生产的猪瘟细胞源活疫苗进行了免疫效果评价试验,并与猪瘟传代细胞苗免疫效果进行比较。结果发现3个厂家生产的猪瘟细胞源活疫苗存在一定差异,2个厂家的免疫效果较好,1个厂家的免疫效果较差。猪瘟传代细胞苗免疫效果优于猪瘟细胞源活疫苗,猪瘟传代细胞苗免疫1次,抗体合格率高,持续时间长,猪瘟细胞源活疫苗要免疫两次才能获得比较好的效果。同时,我们发现高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗（JXA1-R株）对猪瘟抗体产生有一定影响。     

Two newly developed Erns-based ELISAs allow the differentiation of Classical Swine Fever virus-infected from marker-vaccinated animals and the discrimination of pestivirus antibodies

New generations of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFV) marker vaccines have recently been developed in order to make emergency vaccination in case of a CSF outbreak more feasible. However, the application of a marker vaccine is dependent on the availability of an accompanying discriminatory test allowing differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). CP7_E2alf, the most promising live marker vaccine candidate currently available, is a genetically modified Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus expressing the E2 glycoprotein of CSFV strain Alfort/187. The DIVA principle going along with CP7_E2alf is based on the detection of CSFV E^rns-specific antibodies that are raised in the host upon CSFV infection but not after vaccination with the marker vaccine. The aim of this study was to develop novel DIVA tests to be used in combination with CP7_E2alf. Two indirect ELISAs (one for screening, the other one for confirmation purposes) using bacterially expressed recombinant E^rns proteins were designed and evaluated. Both ELISAs detected CSFV-specific antibodies against a broad range of strains and genotypes, and as early as 10 days after infection. They were able to distinguish CSFV-infected pigs from pigs vaccinated with CP7_E2alf and allowed discrimination of antibodies against ruminant pestiviruses in both, sera from domestic pigs and wild boar. Sensitivity and specificity of the screening ELISA was ≥95%. Thus, the ELISAs represent promising DIVA diagnostic tools, as well as an alternative to traditional pestivirus antibody differentiation by serum neutralization test.     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征灭活疫苗体液免疫的影响

本试验采用ELISA方法对单独接种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株灭活苗组(HP组,n=3)和PCV2感染且出现病毒血症后接种PRRSV变异株灭活苗组(PCV2/HP组,n=3)不同时相血清中的PRRSV抗体进行检测;并对HP和PCV2/HP组血清中PCV2特异的抗体和核酸分别进行ELISA和荧光定量PCR检测。结果表明,在首免后70 d HP组血清平均抗体效价极显著高于PCV2/HP组(P<0.01);首免后56、63和77 d HP组平均抗体效价明显高于PCV2/HP组。其中在首免后56和63 d HP组抗体阳性率均达67%(2/3),PCV2/HP组在相应时相抗体阳性率为0;在首免后70和77 d HP组抗体阳性率均达100%(3/3),PCV2/HP组在相应时相抗体阳性率仅为0和33%(1/3)。结果提示PCV2感染可在一定程度上抑制PRRSV变异株(JXA1)特异性的抗体反应。     

Duration of the protection of an E2 subunit marker vaccine against classical swine fever after a single vaccination

The period during which pigs are protected after vaccination is important for the successful usage of a marker vaccine against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in an eradication programme. In four animal experiments with different vaccination-challenge intervals we determined the duration of protection of an E2 subunit marker vaccine in pigs after a single vaccination. Unvaccinated pigs were included in each group to detect transmission of the challenge virus.Three groups of six pigs were vaccinated once and subsequently inoculated with the virulent CSFV strain Brescia after a vaccination-challenge interval of 3, 51/2, 6 or 13 months. All vaccinated pigs, 16 out of 18, with neutralising antibodies against CSFV at the moment of challenge, 3, 51/2, 6 or 13 months later, survived, whereas unvaccinated control pigs died from acute CSF or were killed being moribund. A proportion of the vaccinated pigs did however develop fever or cytopenia after challenge and two vaccinated pigs were viremic after challenge. Virus transmission of vaccinated and challenged pigs to unvaccinated sentinel pigs did not occur in groups of pigs which were challenged 3 or 6 months after a single vaccination. Two out of eight vaccinated pigs that were found negative for CSFV neutralising antibody at 13 months after vaccination died after subsequent challenge.The findings in this study demonstrate that pigs can be protected against a lethal challenge of CSFV for up to 13 months after a single vaccination with an E2 subunit marker vaccine.