氟甲砜霉素(florfenicol)对禽败血支原体病的药效学

以试管两倍稀释法测得体外氟甲砜霉素 (florfenicol)及对照药物恩诺沙星对禽败血支原体 (MG)的最小抑菌质量浓度分别为 1.2 5、0 .0 195 mg/ L。体内药效试验表明 ,氟甲砜霉素以 30 0、40 0、5 0 0 mg/ kg饲料混饲给药 ,连用 5 d,对实验性感染 MG的鸡具有显著的保护作用 ,与感染对照组的死亡率 (2 5 %)差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)。氟甲砜霉素及对照药物的增重效果显著高于感染对照组 (P<0 .0 1) ,中、高剂量组还能显著减少气囊损伤率 (P<0 .0 1) ,但氟甲砜霉素各用药组都不能减少抗体反应的阳性率。     

氟甲砜霉素与氯霉素抗菌作用比较

采用试管2倍稀释法,测定了氟甲砜霉素和氯霉素对鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、禽大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸭疫李氏杆菌等6种畜禽常见病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明,氟甲砜霉素对受试菌的抗菌作用与氯霉素基本一致。     

单诺沙星对人工诱发鸡大肠肝菌病的药效试验

根据试管 2倍稀释法测定的单诺沙星及氯霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度 ,对实验性大肠杆菌病鸡进行内服给药 (每隔 12h给药 1次 ,连续 3d)治疗试验。结果表明 ,单诺沙星及氯霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是 0 0 5及 1 6mg/L。单诺沙星以 5mg/kg、氯霉素以40mg/kg的剂量给鸡内服后 ,对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为 87 5%及 55 0 %。     

氟甲砜霉素对鸭传染性浆膜炎的药效试验

氟甲砜霉素(Florfenicol)系新型氯霉素类广谱抗菌药物,国外已广泛应用于鱼类及猪、牛细菌性疾病的治疗,为兽医专用抗生素。国内已能人工合成并投入批量生产,在鱼类、猪、牛、鸡的细菌性疫病的防治上效果明显,但在鸭细菌性疫病的防治中应用较少。本次试验将氟甲砜霉素用于目前对养鸭业危害较为严重的鸭传染性浆膜炎的防治,通过测定氟甲砜霉素对鸭疫里默氏杆菌(RA)的最小抑菌浓度MIC,同时观察口服给药对实验性鸭传染性浆膜炎的治疗效果,并与甲砜霉素、氯霉素进行比较,以探讨其对鸭传染性浆膜炎的治疗效果,现将结果报道如下。一、材料与方法…     

氟苯尼考与氯霉素对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效比较

以试管肉汤2倍稀释法测定氟苯尼考及氯霉素对鸡大肠埃希氏菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC），然后对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病病鸡进行治疗试验，内服3d,2次／d。结果表明，氟苯尼考及氯霉素对鸡大肠埃希氏菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是3.2μg/mL和1.6μg/mL；以氟苯尼考40mg/kg和氯霉素40mg/kg体重给鸡（每组40只）内服后，对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为77．5％和55．0％,而感染对照组的死亡率为95．0％。     

氟甲砜霉素对实验性鸡巴氏杆菌病的药效研究

以两倍稀释法测定氟甲砜霉素及甲砜霉素对鸡巴氏杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为０．２５μｇ／ｍＬ和１．２５μｇ／ｍＬ。按１０,２０和３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的氟甲砜霉素及３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的甲砜霉素分别给实验性巴氏杆菌病患鸡肌注,每天给药一次,共５ｄ。药物对鸡巴氏杆菌病的治愈率分别为９３．３％,１００％,１００％和１００％,而感染对照组鸡全部死亡。用药组与感染对照组间疗效差异极显著     

复方甲砜霉素注射液对人工感染鸡巴氏杆菌病的临床疗效试验

用复方甲砜霉素注射液以高(0．8ml／kg．b．w)、中(0．4ml／kg.b．w)、低(0．2ml／kg.b．w)三个剂量对人工感染鸡巴氏杆菌病的鸡群肌内注射治疗，同时设立甲砜霉素对照组。试验结果表明：用药2d后，复方甲砜霉素注射液高、中剂量组的有效率分别为93．3％、93．3％，效果优于对照药物甲砜霉素(70．0％)，     

脱氧土霉素对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

以试管两部稀释法测定脱氧土霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后对人工诱发雏鸡大肠杆菌进行混饮或混料给药５天的治疗试验，结果表明：脱氧土霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，脱氧土霉素１００ｐｐｍ，混饮和２００ｐｐｍ混饲对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为９０．０％及９３．３％，而感染对照组的死亡率为６０．０％，用药组的增重效果显著高于感染对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

液相色谱-荧光检测法检测水产品中甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素及代谢物氟甲砜霉素胺残留

建立了以带荧光检测器的液相色谱检测水产品中甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素与氟甲砜霉素胺残留的新方法.采用碱性乙酸乙酯-乙腈提取试样中残留的化合物,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化,荧光检测器的激发与发射波长分别为225 nm与295 nm,可疑样品以液相色谱-质谱/质谱进行确证.在添加浓度为0.050～2.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率在86.4%～96.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在5.63%～9.71%之间(n=5);甲砜霉素、氟甲砜霉素在0.20～5.0 mg/L范围内、氟甲砜霉素胺在0.10～5.0 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,甲砜霉素与氟甲砜霉素的检测限达0.020mg/kg、氟甲砜霉素胺的检测限达0.010 mg/kg.     

氟甲砚霉素与氯霉素抗菌作用比较

采用试管2倍稀释法，测定了氟甲砚霉素和氯霉素对鸡白痢沙门氏菌、禽巴氏杆菌、猪链球菌、禽大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸭疫李氏杆菌等6种畜禽常见病原菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果表明，氟甲砚霉素对受试菌的抗菌作用与氯霉素基本一致。     

不同剂型氟苯尼考对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

以人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病为模型,研究了不同剂型氟苯尼考的疗效。15日龄AA鸡随机分组,除健康对照组外,各组动物均肌肉注射大肠杆菌(O78)肉汤培养物诱发大肠杆菌病。氟苯尼考预混剂(100 mg/kg拌料)、可溶性粉(100 mg/L饮水)和注射剂(20mg/kg肌注)分别于攻毒前24 h、攻毒同时及攻毒后4 h给药。主要以各组动物存活数为标准评价疗效。结果表明,氟苯尼考预混剂、可溶性粉和注射剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的有效率分别为70%、90%和93.3%,而感染对照组的死亡率为73.3%,试验各组之间鸡的增重差异不显著。试验结果提示氟苯尼考饮水剂和注射剂可有效控制重症大肠杆菌病,预混剂可作为预防用药或用于治疗早期轻度感染。     

Preliminary Assessment of the Tolerance and Efficacy of Florfenicol against Edwardsiella ictaluri Administered in Feed to Channel Catfish

Abstract

A tolerance study was conducted to determine the palatability of florfenicol to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four tanks of fish (20 fish/tank) were assigned to each of five treatments distinguished by the amount of florfenicol given in feed per kilogram of body weight, namely, 0, 10, 20, 40, or 100 mg. Fish were fed at a rate of 2.5% of body weight per day for 10 consecutive days. On day 11, all surviving fish were euthanatized, counted, and weighed as a group. Florfenicol- medicated feed was palatable to fish at doses of 10, 20, 40, and 100 mg for 10 consecutive days. All 400 fish were necropsied and examined by histopathology, and no treatment-related changes were observed. In a separate exploratory efficacy study, four tanks (20 fish/tank) were assigned to each of the following treatments: (1) not challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri and fed unmedicated feed, (2) challenged with E. ictaluri and fed unmedicated feed, (3) challenged with E. ictaluri and fed florfenicol at 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, (4) challenged and fed florfenicol at 20 mg/kg, and (5) challenged and fed florfenicol at 40 mg/kg. Treatment was initiated the day after inoculation, and feed was administered by hand for five consecutive days at 2.5% of body weight. The cumulative mortality observed over a 17-d period in treatment groups 1–5 was 2.5, 57.5, 0, 1.25, and 1.25%, respectively. All 400 fish were necropsied and examined by histopathology. The results indicate that florfenicol was effective in controlling mortality from enteric septicemia of catfish with no adverse treatment-related tissue changes. Florfenicol was palatable, safe, and efficacious in controlling mortality due to infection by E. ictaluri in channel catfish.     

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in normal and Pasteurella-infected Muscovy ducks

1. Disposition kinetics of florfenicol were studied in Pasteurella-free (control) and Pasturella-infected Muscovy ducks following intravenous and/or intramuscular injection in a single dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the tissue distribution and residual pattern of the drug were determined in diseased ducks. 2. The maximum serum concentration of florfenicol in control healthy and infected ducks was reached 1 hour after intramuscular injection but the peak concentration in control ducks was higher than in infected birds. 3. The volume of distribution, total body clearance and systemic bioavailability were higher in infected ducks than in control birds 5.15 l/kg, 10.24 ml/kg/min and 73.03% respectively. Data relating to intravenous injection were analysed using a 2 compartment open model curve fit. 4. Florfenicol was not detected in the serum of infected ducks on the 7th day following intramuscular administration of 30 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 5 successive days but was detected in kidney, bile and liver.     

恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效研究

就畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药恩诺沙星对鸡人工感染大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效进行了研究。结果表明，恩诺沙星、氯霉素对大肠杆菌Ｏ７８的ＭＩＣ分别为０．０５、１．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ；恩诺沙星、红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０５株的ＭＩＣ分别为０．２、３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。人工发病试验中，恩诺沙星内服以５、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量或肌注以２．５、５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量，每天给药２次，连用３ｄ，对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病均有较好的疗效，其中对大肠杆菌病的疗效明显优于氯霉素     

替米考星用于鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染的临床试验

试验以人工诱发鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染为模型,以酒石酸泰乐菌素为对照药物,评价替米考星溶液的疗效。按每升水加入400m g、200m g、100m g替米考星及500m g酒石酸泰乐菌素的用量给病鸡饮水给药,连用5天。试验表明:替米考星大剂量和中剂量组料肉比与药物对照差异不显著(P>0.05),与其余各组差异极显著(P<0.01)。大剂量组与中剂量组气囊损伤评分与其他各组比较差异极显著(P<0.01),表明大、中剂量均能明显减轻支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染引起的气囊损伤。大剂量和中剂量组的死亡率与药物对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05),与其余各组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。从治愈率来看,大剂量组中剂量组与其他各组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),而小剂量组与药物对照组的治愈率相当(P>0.05)。数据分析表明:替米考星溶液中剂量组能有效地降低气囊损伤度,提高饲料转化率。     

沙拉沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及大肠杆菌病的药效学

为兽医临床合理应用沙拉星（Ｓarafloxacin）提供理论依据,就其对实验性感染猪链球菌 病及大肠杆菌病的药效学进行了研究。以试管２倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５５）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８mg/Ｌ及０．０５mg/Ｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和大肠杆菌病的试验性治疗结果不明,低、中 高剂量沙拉沙星组２．５、５、１０mg/kg）及环丙沙星组（５mg/kg）用药５d（每隔１２     

喉支康对实验性鸡败血霉形体和大肠杆菌混合感染的疗效

以人工诱发鸡败血霉形体和大肠杆菌混合感染模型，评价复方制剂－喉支康水溶性粉的疗效。按每升水加入20，40，80mg喉支康的用量给病鸡饮水给药，连续5d，对混合感染鸡的治愈率分别是70．0％，93．3％，96．7％，而感染对照组的死亡率为63．3％；上述用药组的增重效果极显著高于感染对照组（P＜0．01）。     

氟罗沙星对鸡败血支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染的疗效

以人工诱发鸡败血霉形体和大肠杆菌混合感染模型,评价氟罗沙星的疗效。按每升水加入２５ｍｇ、５０ｍｇ及１００ｍｇ氟罗沙星及５０ｍｇ环丙沙星的用量给病鸡饮水给药,连续５天,对混合感染鸡的治愈率分别是８６．７％、９０．０％、９０．０％及８３．３％,而感染对照组的死亡率为６３．３％;用药组的相对增重率分别为１０１．３％、１０５．７％、１０７．２％及１０２．４％,均显著高于感染对照组（５８５．５％,Ｐ〈０．０１）