鸡贮精腺上皮细胞的分离及原代培养

试验旨在探讨稳定可靠的贮精腺上皮细胞分离及原代培养方法,为研究鸡贮精机理提供细胞模型。以鸡输卵管的子宫阴道交接部组织样为材料,采用酶消化法和组织块培养法分离培养母鸡贮精腺上皮细胞,观察母鸡贮精腺上皮细胞的培养情况,比较不同细胞培养方法获得贮精腺上皮细胞的生长情况。结果表明,用胶原酶或胰酶单独消化母鸡子宫阴道交接部组织,经100目过滤后获得的贮精腺上皮细胞24 h后可贴壁,但48～72 h后细胞死亡;用胶原酶Ⅺ(0.01 g/mL)与胰酶(0.25%)先后消化母鸡子宫阴道交接部组织后再经100目过滤获得的贮精腺上皮细胞贴壁性良好,24～48 h细胞出现明显增殖,72 h后细胞增殖速度减慢,开始死亡;用组织块培养法7 d可获得鸡贮精腺上皮原代细胞,该细胞可传2～3代;用组织块培养法获得的细胞进行免疫组化试验,发现细胞表达贮精腺差异表达基因编码的NXPH1蛋白,该蛋白在培养细胞内的表达符合其分泌蛋白特性,表明组织块培养法所获细胞可用于后续研究。综上,用组织块培养法获得的鸡贮精腺上皮细胞可为研究母鸡贮精腺机制提供细胞模型。     

猪呼吸道上皮细胞的体外原代培养研究

为探索猪呼吸道上皮细胞体外的原代培养,对胶原酶Ⅳ+胰酶消化法、胰酶消化法、胶原酶Ⅳ和胰酶消化结合组织块培养法以及组织块培养法等4种分离细胞的方法进行了比较,同时比较了不同浓度胎牛血清的培养基所培养细胞的纯度及成活率,采用差速贴壁法纯化细胞并对所得的上皮细胞进行冻存复苏研究。结果表明:组织块培养法培养获得的细胞数量和纯度极显著高于胰酶消化法(P0.01),胶原酶Ⅳ+胰酶消化法获得的细胞成活率显著高于胰酶消化法;含有5%血清的培养基培养的细胞成活率及纯度均高于用10%血清培养(P0.01),冻存1个月后的细胞复苏率为85%。     

小鼠输卵管上皮细胞的原代培养及纯化方法研究

建立小鼠输卵管上皮细胞原代培养及纯化方法.小鼠输卵管上皮细胞原代培养采用组织块培养法和酶消化法.酶消化法于37℃分为4个处理组进行.处理1以2.5 g/L胰酶+0.4 g/L EDTA消化5、10、20 min;处理2以0.5 g/L胰酶+0.08 g/L EDTA消化35、50、75 min;处理3以0.3 g/L的Ⅰ型胶原酶消化60、90、240 min;处理4以2.5 g/L胰酶+0.4 g/L EDTA和0.3 g/L Ⅰ型胶原酶(1∶2)消化60 min,150 min.原代细胞纯化采用差速贴壁和反复差速贴壁法.传代采用胰酶两步消化法进一步纯化输卵管上皮细胞.组织块法原代培养成纤维细胞生长优势明显,传代纯化细胞效果不佳.用酶消化法原代培养时,处理1效果不理想;处理2采用3个消化时间时均取得比较理想的结果;处理3消化240 min时结果较好;处理4消化150 min效果较好.原代细胞纯化,反复差速贴壁得到的上皮细胞较纯,进一步传代纯化细胞取得了理想的结果.小鼠输卵管上皮细胞原代培养采用酶消化法结合反复差速贴壁分离纯化细胞,传代采用两步消化法,可以成功地进行小鼠输卵管上皮细胞的分离纯化培养.     

原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养方法的改进

目前利用奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术，建立奶牛子宫内膜炎模型从而减少不可控因素来研究奶牛子宫内膜炎疾病已成为国内外普遍使用的一类方法，因此获得高纯度、同一性的子宫内膜上皮细胞是体外研究的关键环节，国内外所使用方法主要是酶消化法、组织块贴壁法和组织块消化贴壁法。本文旨对先前的方法进行改良，建立一种简便易行、培养周期短、细胞活性及形态良好的原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术。采用健康未孕奶牛子宫为试验材料，取下子宫内膜组织，加入5 mL含2%双抗、40%胰酶的DMEM/F12培养基，4 ℃消化12 h，再将组织移至25 cm²细胞培养瓶中贴壁培养。获得原代细胞后，应用角蛋白-18抗体对细胞进行免疫组化荧光鉴定，并对第3代细胞采用CCK-8法测定不同时间点的D_{450 nm}值，绘制细胞生长曲线。结果显示，培养至第8天，原代细胞基本铺满细胞培养瓶瓶底，有效地缩短了常规组织块贴壁法的周期。通过角蛋白-18免疫组化荧光鉴定，原代上皮细胞的阳性率可达98%以上，相比常规组织块贴壁法来说，纯度明显提高，省去了细胞纯化的操作步骤。细胞增殖状态，符合正常的分裂生长特性。试验结果表明将常规组织块贴壁法进行了优化改良，不仅缩短了培养周期，同时提高纯度，保持细胞活性，为原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术的改良提供一定的参考。     

绵羊上皮细胞三种纯化与培养方法的比较研究

为了探索一种简便、高纯度分离子宫内膜腺上皮细胞和间质细胞的方法，以及建立高纯度体外子宫内膜细胞培养模型，该试验将原代细胞的3种培养方法，即组织块贴壁法、胰蛋白酶消化法和胶原蛋白酶消化法进行比较，结果表明胶原蛋白酶消化法对细胞的损伤小，细胞生长良好，相比较而言使用胶原蛋白酶消化法最理想。     

组织块再移法分离培养奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞

通过比较组织块贴壁培养法、组织块再移法、胰蛋白酶消化法、胶原酶Ⅱ消化法和胶原酶消化配合组织块贴壁法分离、培养、纯化山羊乳腺上皮细胞,绘制细胞生长曲线并计算细胞群体倍增时间,研究乳腺上皮细胞培养效果。结果显示,利用胶原酶消化配合组织块贴壁法不能获得正常生长的乳腺上皮细胞;利用组织块贴壁培养法、组织块再移法和胶原酶Ⅱ消化法获得大量的乳腺上皮细胞,所得到的上皮细胞生长曲线呈典型的＂S＂型,符合细胞生长的一般规律。组织块再移法不仅可快速获得大量纯化的乳腺上皮细胞,而且所得到的细胞经传代后,细胞群体倍增时间最短、增殖能力最强,表明,该法是获得山羊乳腺上皮细胞最适宜的方法。     

猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞原代培养

分别采用酶消化法和组织块培养法,建立了猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞原代培养的方法。酶消化法于37℃分为4个处理组进行。处理1以2.5 g/L的胰蛋白酶消化30 min;处理2以2.0 g/L胶原酶Ⅰ消化70 min;处理3以50 mg/L嗜热菌蛋白酶消化50 min;处理4以50 mg/L嗜热菌蛋白酶+2.0 g/L胶原酶Ⅰ消化70 min。采用柠檬酸胰酶法分离纯化细胞。结果表明,组织块法原代培养获得的细胞活性较强。     

鸡胚小肠上皮细胞的分离及原代培养研究

<正>取18日龄的SPF鸡胚,分别采用组织块培养法、胰蛋白酶、胶原酶I和嗜热菌蛋白酶消化法分离和体外培养小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:组织块培养法所获得的上皮细胞纯度较低;胰蛋白酶消化后多为单细胞,细胞贴壁和生长能力较弱;胶原酶Ⅰ单独消化50min或嗜热菌蛋白酶单独消化110min以及胶原酶Ⅰ、嗜热菌蛋白酶联     

鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞体外分离培养与鉴定

为了探讨鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞分离培养方法,本研究分别对消化酶、消化时间、取材部位和表面包被物等条件进行比较和优化,筛选出鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞分离和纯化的最佳方法,并对培养细胞进行鉴定与传代。结果显示,取鸡输卵管漏斗部,0.25%胰酶+0.02%EDTA联合消化15min、低速离心去除单细胞、差速贴壁除去成纤维细胞,在20%FBS包被的细胞培养瓶中可获得满意的输卵管上皮细胞分离效果,细胞贴壁性良好。培养的细胞在24h时成团贴壁,48~60h明显增殖,呈圆形或多角形"铺路石样"的单层细胞生长,72h后细胞增殖速度减慢,可以维持至10d以上,且传代后细胞贴壁生长良好,经姬姆萨染色和透射电镜观察鉴定为鸡输卵管上皮细胞。本研究建立的鸡原代输卵管上皮细胞分离培养方法可获得纯度较高的目的细胞,为研究鸭源鸡杆菌对鸡输卵管细胞的侵袭特性提供了良好的体外研究模型。     

奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞和间质细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

为了分离培养奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞和间质细胞,给建立奶牛子宫内膜体外模型提供条件,研究采用胰蛋白酶和胶原酶消化法分离细胞,随后传代培养纯化细胞,并通过光镜观察和免疫细胞化学染色对其进行鉴别.结果表明:0.3%胰蛋白酶消化组织块1 h后可得到上皮细胞,纯度＞80%;上皮细胞呈多边型,核大而圆,具有细胞角蛋白免疫反应性.用0.1%胶原酶Ⅱ继续消化2 h,可得到间质细胞,纯度＞90%;间质细胞贴壁后可见梭形和多角形两种形态,免疫细胞化学染色显示这两种细胞均具有波形蛋白免疫反应性,而细胞角蛋白无免疫反应性,提示它们为来源于内膜基质的基质细胞,说明采用酶消化法能够成功地培养奶牛子宫内膜间质细胞和上皮细胞.     

Role of genome-wide mRNA-seq profiling in understanding the long-term sperm maintenance in the storage tubules of laying hens

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Sperm storage function of the sperm storage tubules (SSTs) is directly correlated with the fertility of laying hens. SSTs are located at the utero-vaginal...     

贮精能力差异母鸡的贮精腺形态、激素水平及激素受体基因表达量的研究

旨在探究不同贮精能力母鸡的贮精腺形态、主要性激素水平以及激素受体基因表达量的差异,以期进一步揭示母鸡贮精能力差异产生的原因。本研究以27周龄158只的白来航母鸡和28只公鸡为试验材料,混精连续输精2 d,第3天开始按照个体收集种蛋孵化,根据输精后21 d内每天的种蛋受精情况统计个体受精率作为母鸡贮精能力;挑选高、低贮精能力极端个体各4只,分别为高、低贮精能力组;采血测定血清孕酮、雌激素、睾酮和催乳素激素浓度;解剖获取富含贮精腺的子宫阴道连接部组织,并沿纵向分为两份,一份制作石蜡切片并HE染色,用于贮精腺形态观察,另一份采用荧光定量PCR检测相应激素受体基因的表达量。结果表明,高、低贮精能力组子宫阴道连接部的黏膜面积、贮精腺数量、贮精腺密度均差异不显著（P>0.05）,但高贮精能力组母鸡的贮精腺平均横截面积显著高于低贮精能力组（P<0.05）;高贮精能力组母鸡的血清孕酮激素浓度显著高于低贮精能力组（P<0.05）,雌激素、睾酮和催乳素激素浓度在组间均差异不显著（P > 0.05）;与低贮精能力组相比,高贮精能力组睾酮受体基因和催乳素受体基因表达上调,雌激素α、β受体基因和孕酮受体基因下调,但未达显著水平（P>0.05）。结果提示,母鸡的贮精能力可能与贮精腺横截面积有关,此外,孕酮激素可能对诱导贮精腺中精子的激活起重要作用,从而影响母鸡持续受精能力。     

Alkaline phosphatase reactivity in the vagina and uterovaginal junction sperm-storage tubules of turkeys in egg production: implications for sperm storage

1. Currently there remains contradictory information on the localisation and possible role of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in the chicken and Japanese quail oviducts. 2. Using turkeys with a hard-shelled egg in their uteri, vaginal and uterovaginal junction mucosae were stretched and fixed as whole mounts prior to the histochemical localisation of AP activity. 3. Scattered AP reactive cells were observed in the vaginal and uterovaginal junction surface epithelia and intense AP reactivity of the sperm-storage tubule (SST) epithelium, localised to its apical border. 4. We suggest that such AP reactivity in hens in egg production may reflect cell differentiation and proliferation in the vagina and SST and possibly a mechanism for the transfer of lipid from the SST epithelia to resident sperm.     

Physiology and endocrinology symposium: role of the oviduct in maintaining sustained fertility in hens

In poultry, sperm transferred by natural mating or AI into the distal end of the vagina immediately begin their ascent to the uterovaginal junction (UVJ) at the anterior end of the vagina. However, due to an intense selection process in the vagina, less than 1% of the sperm transferred actually reach the UVJ. Those sperm that do reach the UVJ enter numerous tubular invaginations of the surface epithelium of the vagina located in the UVJ mucosa, collectively referred to as the sperm-storage tubules (SST). Sperm residing in the SST lumen are capable of surviving up to several weeks while retaining their fertilizing capacity. Resident sperm are released gradually from the SST while the hen is in egg production, ascend to the site of fertilization, and interact with the next ovulated ovum. In this manner, given the absence of an estrus to synchronize ovulation with copulation, poultry are ensured a population of sperm at the site of fertilization around ovulation. Over the past decade, several new and diverse observations have been published addressing the microanatomy of the UVJ and SST, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms orchestrating oviductal sperm selection and storage. These include the role of sperm mobility in selection and transport, SST numbers in different poultry species and lines of high and low fertility, roles of the immune system and possibly neuroendocrine-like cells in the vagina in sperm selection and storage, and the roles of aquaporins and a fluid exchange mechanisms contributing to sperm release from the SST. The objective of this paper is to review and integrate these observations into a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular events influencing the fate of sperm in the oviduct of the hen, particularly with regard to oviductal sperm selection and storage.     

Relationship between fertility duration and in vivo sperm storage in broiler breeder hens

1. Seventy Hubbard hens, 75 weeks of age, were divided into groups containing equal numbers of hens on the basis of duration of fertility. Average fertile periods were 14.5 d (long, L) and 6.9 d (short, S). Each hen was artificially inseminated (AI) on three consecutive days with an average of 1.61 X 10(9)/0.05 ml spermatozoa per insemination. Seven hens from each group were killed 1, 3, 6, 9, and 13 d after insemination. 2. Three longitudinal sections of uterovaginal junction were evaluated microscopically for spermatozoal storage capacity by assigning each sperm host gland (SHG) to one of 5 categories: unscorable, empty, one to 5 spermatozoa, 6 to 20 spermatozoa and greater than 20 spermatozoa. 3. The only significant difference in sperm storage at any time between the L and S duration groups occurred at day 1 after AI, when L duration hens possessed significantly more glands with more than 20 spermatozoa. 4. One day after AI the proportion of SHG containing sperm were 28.8% (L group) and 18.6% (S group). There was a significant decrease in the number of glands containing 1 to 5, 6 to 20 and greater than 20 spermatozoa between days 1 to 3 in both groups. 5. Numbers of glands in all categories containing sperm decreased throughout the 13-d period. The L duration group possessed 18.5% more glands with 1 to 5, 6 to 20 and greater than 20 spermatozoa than the S duration group. 6. There were no significant differences between groups in the proportion of unscorable or empty glands throughout, which ranged from 35.9 to 56.8% and 36.3 to 47.1%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Sperm Storage in the Female Reproductive Tract in Birds

The ability to store sperm in the female genital tract is frequently observed in vertebrates as well as in invertebrates. Because of the presence of a system that maintains the ejaculated sperm alive in the female reproductive tract in a variety of animals, this strategy appears to be advantageous for animal reproduction. Although the occurrence and physiological reasons for sperm storage have been reported extensively in many species, the mechanism of sperm storage in the female reproductive tract has been poorly understood until recently. In avian species, the specialized simple tubular invaginations referred to as sperm storage tubules (SSTs) are found in the oviduct as a sperm storage organ. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism of sperm uptake into the SSTs, maintenance within it, and controlled release of the sperm from the SSTs. Since sperm storage in avian species occurs at high body temperatures (i.e., 41 C), elucidation of the mechanism for sperm storage may lead to the development of new strategies for sperm preservation at ambient temperatures, and these could be used in a myriad of applications in the field of reproduction.     

鸡精液稀释配方对低温保存精子活力和输精效果的影响

为了完善中国南方地区鸡场公鸡精液的保存技术、提高精液的利用率，本试验研究了在低温（4 ℃）保存的条件下，不同的保存时间（0、4、8、24 h）、不同的稀释液配方（原精液、配方Ⅰ和配方Ⅱ）对精液的精子活力变化以及人工输精繁殖效果的影响。选用33周龄黄鸡母鸡192只、公鸡42只，192只母鸡依笼号分为12组（3种处理精液×4个保存时间），每组16只母鸡，公鸡不分组。统一采精后用两种不同稀释液稀释、低温（4 ℃）保存至0、4、8、24 h后观察精子活力，并对母鸡输精，分组收集鸡蛋，对各组受精率、出雏率、健雏率进行比较分析，以原精液低温保存作为对照。结果显示，两种稀释液组的精子低温（4 ℃）保存4、8、24 h，其精子活力极显著高于原精液组（P<0.01），配方Ⅱ组精子的活力高于配方Ⅰ组（P>0.05）；两种配方稀释液组的精液低温（4 ℃）保存4 h，输精受精率高于原精液组（P<0.05）；两种配方稀释液组的精液在低温（4 ℃）保存8 h，输精受精率极显著高于原精液组（P<0.01）。表明这两种精液稀释液更有利于精液保存，经稀释后的精液可以显著提高受精率，可为中国南方鸡场种公鸡精液保存技术的完善提供有力的数据支撑。     

鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞原代培养与鉴定

为研究鸡E.tenella的宿主细胞--盲肠上皮细胞体外培养技术,为E.tenella损伤机制及抗球虫药的研究提供体外模型,分别用胰蛋白酶法、胶原酶Ⅰ法、嗜热菌蛋白酶法、嗜热菌蛋白酶+胶原酶Ⅰ法和中性蛋白酶Ⅰ+胶原酶Ⅺ法分离纯化原代鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞,通过测定细胞活力、细胞团块比例、总细胞产量和细胞团块产量,筛选出鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞最佳分离方法,并进行了纯化和培养,对培养细胞进行了鉴定.结果表明:嗜热菌蛋白酶消化、低速离心去除单细胞、差速贴壁除去成纤维细胞,为最佳分离和纯化盲肠上皮细胞的方法;分离纯化的细胞接种后分别于第3-5天、第10-11天进入对数生长期,可存活14 d以上;经形态学观察、碱性磷酸酶染色、扫描电镜鉴定为盲肠上皮细胞,所分离的细胞培养至第4、7、11天时上皮细胞比例分别为81.67%、84.33%和72.00%.用该法可获得纯度较高的原代鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞.     

雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存结构的研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,系统观察雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存情况,显示与精子储存有关组织结构与细胞形态。结果表明,精子储存在雌性中华鳖输卵管的蛋白分泌部后部至子宫部,但各段的组织结构及精子储存量存在一定差别。蛋白分泌部后部上皮较发达,由典型的高柱状纤毛细胞和分泌细胞构成,固有膜中腺体多为泡状腺。上皮和腺体中含有大量高密度的膜性分泌颗粒,此段只有少量的精子储存。峡部较窄且固有膜内无腺体,上皮排列紧密并呈迷路样迂回分布,上皮细胞内高电子密度分泌颗粒成团集中分布在核上方。峡部管腔中分布着大量的精子,靠近管腔的精子或精子头部嵌入上皮纤毛之间或顶端凹陷的胞质中,且精子嵌入部分的细胞结构保持完整。子宫前部形成垂直于管腔的储精小管(SST),子宫上皮及此段SST上皮的分泌颗粒电子密度不均,含高密度电子致密斑,腺体中的分泌颗粒也呈现不同的内部结构。子宫部及SST的管腔中储存有大量精子。这些区段复杂的细胞结构及分泌活动,可能在精子储存中发挥重要作用。     

Carbonic anhydrase in the utero-vaginal junction of immature and mature ostriches

1. Sperm storage tubules in the ostrich start to develop at an early stage of oviductal growth. Concurrently, membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase was found in the cells of the storage tubules. 2. In mature ostriches the utero-vaginal junction averaged 11.5+/-2.1 cm in length and primary mucosal folds were extremely long and slender. Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase was present in the cells of the sperm storage tubules. In the non-ciliated cells of the surface epithelium both membrane-bound and cytoplasmic activity was detected. 3. The possible role of carbonic anhydrase in the stimulation/inhibition of sperm motility by altering the pH was discussed.