塞内卡谷病毒和口蹄疫病毒双重荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立塞内卡谷病毒(SVV)和口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的快速鉴别检测方法,本试验根据SVV 3D基因序列和FMDV 3D基因序列,分别设计探针和引物,建立了可同时检测SVV和FMDV的双重荧光RT-PCR法。结果表明,该方法特异性强,能准确检测出SVV核酸和FMDV核酸,与水泡性口炎病毒(VSV-IND和VSV-NJ)、猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)以及猪瘟病毒(CSFV)等病原核酸无交叉反应;灵敏度高,本试验中最低可检测到SVV和FMDV核酸质量浓度分别为1.35×10~(-5),1.68×10~(-5) mg/L。重复性好,Ct值变异系数小于4%。利用所建立方法对116份已知的临床样品进行检测,结果与参比方法一致。本试验建立的方法可用于SVV和FMDV的鉴别检测,为塞内卡病毒病和口蹄疫的诊断提供依据。     

口蹄疫病毒TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立检测口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的方法,本研究根据GenBank中FMDV的2B基因序列,设计合成一对引物和一条TaqMan探针,将2B基因克隆到pBlueScriptSK(-)载体中,利用T7体外转录试剂盒制备标准品,通过优化反应条件,建立了TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法.结果表明,该检测方法的敏感性达到102拷贝/μL;与其它主要相关病毒均不发生交叉反应,批内和批间试验重复性的变异系数(CV)均小于3％.本研究建立的FMDV TaqMan荧光定量PCR方法对FMDV的快速检测具有重要意义.     

羊痘病毒实时荧光定量TaqManPCR检测方法的建立

参照羊痘病毒（CaPV）P32的基因序列，设计合成了2套引物和1条探针，建立了实时荧光定量PCR技术，对细胞培养物、皮肤丘疹、痂皮等组织病料中的GPV进行了特异性检测和敏感性试验。结果显示，用300nmol／L引物浓度和200nmol／L探针浓度，获得的CT值较小，而△Rn最大；可检测到相当于0．1TCID50的病毒DNA；制作的标准曲线中各浓度范围内有极好的线性关系且线性范围宽，相关系数为0．9995以上；组内和组间试验重复性的变异系数分别为2．3％和3．4％；与常规的PCR相比较，该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、可定量，可同时检测大量样品等优点。表明，荧光TaqMan PCR是一种检测CaPV的良好方法，可对组织病料中低含量的CaPV或持续带毒宿主进行准确检测。     

口蹄疫病毒和水泡性口炎病毒二重RT-LAMP鉴别检测方法的建立

LAMP技术是一种快速新型的核酸检测技术,该技术利用4条引物在恒温下扩增目的 DNA,特异性好敏感性高。本试验旨在建立一种能同时鉴别诊断FMDV和VSV的二重RT-LAMP检测方法。根据口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)3D基因和水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)N基因的保守序列,设计了2套特异性引物,在每套引物的内引物中插入酶切位置EcoRⅠ,对反应条件进行了优化,建立了恒温快速的检测方法。结果显示:该方法特异性好,能检测到口蹄疫病毒的A,O,Asia1亚型和水泡性口炎的NJ和IND亚型,并与其他对照牛病原体不发生交叉反应;敏感性高,最低能够检测个100个FMDV病毒RNA和100个VSV病毒RNA;干扰性小,能同时检测两个模板的不同浓度组合。本试验建立的口蹄疫和水泡性口炎二重RT-LAMP方法具有简便、快速、特异、敏感等优点,可用于FMDV和VSV的临床检测和流行病学调查。     

狂犬病病毒微滴式数字PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立可绝对定量狂犬病病毒(RABV)的微滴式数字PCR(ddPCR)检测方法,本试验根据RABV基因组起始区域设计引物和探针,继而优化引物和探针浓度以及退火温度,并对建立的ddPCR方法的灵敏度、特异性和重复性进行分析。结果显示：ddPCR方法的最佳引物和探针浓度分别为900 nmol/L和250 nmol/L,最佳退火温度为55℃;ddPCR方法的标准曲线相关系数(R²)为0.999,呈现良好的线性关系;灵敏度高,最低可检测到3.37 copies/μL;特异性良好,与常见犬病原无交叉反应;重复性好,检测结果稳定。临床样品的检测结果显示,本试验建立的狂犬病病毒ddPCR方法与实时荧光定量反转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法的符合率为100%。结果表明,本试验建立的狂犬病病毒微滴式数字PCR方法灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于狂犬病病毒的绝对定量检测。     

猪细环病毒数字PCR定量检测方法的建立

[目的]实现猪细环病毒(TTSuV)的准确定量检测。[方法 ]根据TTSuV的序列特点,设计特异性引物、探针,建立数字PCR检测技术。对数字PCR反应体系中的引物和探针浓度进行优化,分析方法的灵敏度、特异性,并初步应用于进行临床检测。[结果 ]最终确定TTSuV1a和TTSuV1b数字PCR反应体系中最佳引物浓度均为250 nmol/L,最佳探针浓度均为300 nmol/L,TTSuV1a型和TTSuV1b型灵敏度均可达到单个拷贝数;以猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型、猪细小病毒和猪伪狂犬病毒进行特异性试验,结果无交叉反应;批内和批间试验表明,该方法的重复性良好;本实验室留存的92份血清样本的检测结果与其背景信息一致。[结论 ]本研究建立的TTSuV数字PCR法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、检测限低等优点,可用于TTSuV的定量检测。     

塞内卡病毒和口蹄疫病毒二重实时荧光RT-PCR鉴别检测方法的建立

为了建立一种快速、敏感、特异的能够鉴别诊断口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)和塞内卡病毒(SVV)二重实时荧光RT-PCR方法,根据FMDV及SVV的保守基因序列,设计了2套特异性引物和不同荧光素标记的MGB探针。通过对PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化筛选,建立了FMDV和SVV二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并对二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法进行了特异性、敏感性、重复性试验;利用所建立的方法对98份疑似FMDV和SVV感染的临床样品进行了检测。结果显示,成功建立的FMDV及SVV二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,模板在10~1～10~7拷贝/μL有很好的线性关系;对pGEM-T/FMDV和pGEM-T/SVV重组质粒出现阳性扩增信号,但对正常细胞培养物对照和其他7种病原对照未扩增出特异性曲线,方法特异性较好;最低检测模板浓度为10拷贝/μL;自98份疑似FMDV和SVV感染样品中检出9份FMDV阳性,10份SVV阳性,2份FMDV和SVV双阳性,并且和克隆测序结果一致。本研究建立的FMDV及SVV二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,可用于FMDV和SVV的快速鉴别检测,为FMDV和SVV的鉴别诊断提供特异、敏感和高通量的方法。     

A型塞尼卡病毒与O型、A型、亚洲I型口蹄疫病毒多重TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立鉴别检测A型塞尼卡病毒(SVA)与O型、A型、亚洲I型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的方法,针对SVA 3D基因与O型、A型、亚洲I型FMDV VP1基因,分别设计特异性引物和TaqMan探针,经优化反应条件,建立了同时检测SVA与O型、A型、亚洲I型FMDV的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR方法.所建立的方法能特异性扩...     

鸡细小病毒微滴式数字PCR检测方法的建立及应用

旨在建立一种可定量检测鸡细小病毒(Chicken parvovirus, ChPV)的微滴式数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,dd PCR)新型检测方法。引物设计参考了GenBank中ChPV的NS基因保守序列，筛选了特异性探针引物组，采用不同探针引物浓度组合和退火温度梯度对反应条件进行优化，并通过使用该方法与荧光定量PCR(qPCR)和普通PCR方法进行灵敏度比较，同时对其他常见禽病病原体进行检测，以及对40份临床样品进行检测，评估了该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性。结果显示，该方法最佳引物浓度均为900 nmol/L,最佳探针浓度为600 nmol/L;最佳退火温度为54.0℃;灵敏度比qPCR和普通PCR分别高10倍和1000倍，最低检测限为4.5 copies/μL;对其他常见禽病病原体进行ChPV微滴式数字PCR检测，结果均为阴性；批内和批间重复性较好，变异系数小。结果表明，所建立的ddPCR方法具有更高的敏感性和准确性，可成功用于快速定量检测ChPV感染。     

口蹄疫病毒通用型和A型二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速、敏感、特异的口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)分型鉴别诊断实时荧光RT-PCR(Fluorescence quantitative,FQ-PCR)检测方法,根据O、A、AsiaⅠ三种血清型FMDV保守基因序列,设计能够检测到FMDV的特异性通用检测引物和A型检测引物,以及不同荧光素标记的MGB探针。通过对PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化筛选,建立了FMDV通用型和A型二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法,并对该方法进行了特异性、敏感性、重复性试验;利用所建立的方法,对123份疑似FMDV感染的临床样品进行了检测。结果显示,建立的FMDV通用型、A型二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法在10~1～10~7拷贝/μL模板范围内有很好的线性关系;对pGEM-T/FMDV-T和pGEM-T/FMDV-A重组质粒出现阳性扩增信号,但对正常细胞培养物对照和其他7种病原对照未扩增出特异性曲线;自123份疑似FMDV感染样品中,检出10份FMDV-T阳性,6份FMDV-T/FMDV-A双阳性并且与基因测序结果一致。结果表明,本研究建立的FMDV通用型、A型二重实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法重复性好、敏感性高、特异性强,最低检测模板浓度为10拷贝/μL,可用于FMDV的快速分型检测,为FMDV的早期检测及临床诊断提供了新方法。     

Evaluation of a novel proximity ligation assay for the sensitive and rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus

A novel proximity ligation assay (PLA) using a pan-serotype reactive monoclonal antibody was developed and evaluated for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in clinical samples collected from field cases of disease. The FMDV-specific PLA was found to be 100 times more sensitive for virus detection than the commonly used antigen capture-ELISA (AgELISA). As few as five TCID50 were detected in individual assays, which was comparable with the analytical sensitivity of real-time RT-PCR. Although this assay was capable of detecting diverse isolates from all seven FMDV serotypes, the diagnostic sensitivity of the PLA assay was lower than real-time RT-PCR mainly due to a failure to detect some SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 FMDV strains. In conclusion, this new PLA format has high analytical sensitivity for the detection of FMDV in clinical samples and may prove valuable as a rapid and simple tool for use in FMD diagnosis.     

Foot-and-mouth disease virus: a first inter-laboratory comparison trial to evaluate virus isolation and RT-PCR detection methods

Five European reference laboratories participated in an exercise to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of their routinely employed RT-PCR tests and cell cultures for the detection and isolation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. Five identical sets of 20 coded samples were prepared from 10 vesicular epithelia, which were derived from submissions from suspect cases of FMD or swine vesicular disease (SVD). Sixteen samples were derived from six FMD virus positive epithelia representing four different serotypes (two each of types O and A and one each of types Asia 1 and SAT 2), two from samples which had been found to be negative by antigen ELISA and virus isolation (VI) in cell culture and two from SVD virus positive epithelia. Some of the FMD virus positive samples were prepared from 10-fold serial dilutions of three of the initial suspensions. Each laboratory tested the samples by one or more of its available RT-PCR procedures and inoculated cell cultures that it routinely uses for FMD diagnosis in attempts to isolate virus, the specificity of which was confirmed by antigen ELISA. The best of the RT-PCR assays used in each laboratory gave comparable results while the sensitivity of cell cultures was variable from high in one laboratory, moderate in two and low in two others. This prototype panel of samples would appear suitable for external quality assurance of these tests but would benefit from the inclusion of more negative samples and an extension in the serial dilution range of one or more of the FMD positive sample titration series.     

Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA)

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Two detection methods: NASBA-electrochemiluminescence (NASBA-ECL) and a newly developed NASBA-enzyme-linked oligonucleotide capture (NASBA-EOC) were evaluated. The diagnostic sensitivity of these assays was compared with other laboratory-based methods using 200 clinical samples collected from different regions of the world. Assay specificity was also assessed using samples (n=43) of other viruses that cause vesicular disease in livestock and genetic relatives of FMDV. Concordant results were generated for 174/200 (87.0%) of suspect FMD samples between NASBA-ECL and real-time RT-PCR. In comparison with the virus isolation (VI) data, the sensitivity of the NASBA-ECL assay was 92.9%, which was almost identical to that of the real-time RT-PCR (92.4%) for the same set of samples. There was broad agreement between the results of the NASBA-ECL and the simpler NASBA-EOC detection method for 97.1% of samples. In conclusion, this study provides further data to support the use of NASBA as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method for the detection and surveillance of FMDV.     

Foot-and-mouth disease virus typing by complement fixation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monovalent and polyvalent antisera.

An indirect "sandwich" enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using polyvalent and monovalent antisera was compared with the 50% complement fixation (CF50) test for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) O, A, and C virus types. ELISA was more sensitive than CF50 tests when polyvalent antisera were used for detecting the 3 types of virus in epithelial samples, whereas ELISA using monovalent antisera was the least sensitive technique. The ELISA performed with polyvalent antisera was 9 times more sensitive for detecting FMD virus than that with monovalent antisera. However, viral isolation in cell culture was the most sensitive detection system. The combined use of ELISA with polyvalent antisera and cell culture inoculations was the most effective procedure for identifying FMD virus in epithelial samples from the field.     

Fluorogenic RT-PCR assay (TaqMan) for detection and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus

A single tube fluorogenic RT-PCR-based 'TaqMan' assay was developed for detection and classification of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). TaqMan-PCR was optimized to quantify BVD virus using the ABI PRISM 7700 sequence detection system and dual-labeled fluorogenic probes. Two different gene specific labeled fluorogenic probes for the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) were used to differentiate between BVD types I and II. Sensitivity of the single tube TaqMan assay was compared with two-tube TaqMan assay and standard RT-PCR using 10-fold dilutions of RNA. Single tube TaqMan assay was 10-100-fold more sensitive than the two-tube TaqMan assay and the standardized single tube RT-PCR. Specificity of the assay was evaluated by testing different BVD virus strains and other bovine viruses. A total of 106 BVD positive and negative pooled or single serum samples, field isolates and reference strains were tested. Quantitation of cRNA from types I and II BVD virus was accomplished by a standard curve plotting cycle threshold values (C(T)) versus copy number. Single tube TaqMan-PCR assay was sensitive, specific and rapid for detection, quantitation and classification of BVD virus.     

Development and standardization of a piezo electric immunobiosensor for foot and mouth disease virus typing

An immunobiosensor using a piezo electric (PZ) crystal was developed and standardized for foot and mouth disease (FMD) diagnosis and virus typing. A 6MHz quartz crystal was used as the frequency determining element. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type specific antibody raised in rabbits/monoclonal antibody was coated on the crystal surface and the resonance measured. One microlitre of the 10% aqueous suspension of the clinical sample (tongue or foot epithelium) was applied on both surfaces of the crystal and the resonance recorded. A difference in resonance of more than -2.5Hz was obtained in positive samples (homologous antigen and antibody). The test was standardized initially using various dilutions of FMD tissue culture antigen. Repeatability and sensitivity were also tested and it was found that the crystals could be washed and reused eight times. The test could be used for FMDV type specifically and no cross-reaction between FMDV types was observed. The shelf-life of the antibody-coated crystal stored at room temperature was 18 weeks. Application of the biosensor test to the FMDV clinical samples confirmed virus typing results when compared with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and it could also detect virus in ELISA negative samples and mixed virus infections.