金定鸭不同组织和血液中TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5的表达差异分析

试验旨在研究不同Toll样受体（Toll-like receptor,TLR）在鸭不同组织中的表达情况,选取300日龄雄性金定鸭10只,解剖后采集其血液及脾脏、肝脏、睾丸、肺脏、下丘脑、垂体、皮肤、腿肌、心脏、肾脏、胸肌、盲肠、小肠、胸腺,采用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计特异性引物,并用实时荧光定量PCR法检测TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5在不同组织中的相对表达情况。结果显示,各基因扩增产物的熔解曲线均有一特异性的单峰,无其他杂峰,说明引物的特异性较强,可以准确定量。4种目的基因与内参基因的扩增效率在101.4%~105.0%之间,均接近100%,相关系数（R²）为0.98~1.000。TLR1、TLR2、TLR4、TLR5 4种TLRs在金定鸭不同组织和血液中均有表达,但每种TLR受体在各组织中表达水平略有差异,其中TLR1在下丘脑中表达量最低,在胸肌中最高;TLR2在小肠中的表达量最低,在肺脏中最高;TLR4、TLR5在睾丸中的表达量最低,在皮肤中最高。以上结果说明,鸭TLRs在多种组织中能够广泛表达,本试验结果可为TLRs在鸭源感染过程中的作用机理研究提供科学依据。     

Cloning, expression and bioinformatics analysis of the duck TLR 4 gene

1. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins that play an essential role in the innate immune system. Studies on the structure and function of TLRs can be applied to the development of new approaches to control diseases of humans and animals.

2. A 3432-bp cDNA encoding duck toll-like receptor 4 (duTLR4) was cloned from duck splenic lymphocytes using RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends.

3. The encoded protein, which was predicted to contain 843 amino acids, had a molecular weight of 96·01?kDa and included an archetypal toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain, a transmembrane domain, and a distinctive arrangement of extracellular leucine-rich repeat regions similar to chicken TLR4, human TLR4, and mouse TLR4. The duTLR4 showed 82·1% amino acid sequence identity with previously described chicken TLR4, and 43·2–45·2% sequence identity with mammalian homologs.

4. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the duTLR4 gene was strongly expressed in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and brain.     

应用RT-PCR检测人工感染番鸭体内番鸭呼肠病毒的动态分布

应用RT-PCR技术检测番鸭呼肠病毒在人工感染番鸭体内的动态分布情况.结果显示,1日龄感染番鸭呼肠病毒MW9710株,3 d后就可以从肝、脾等组织中检出病毒RNA,直到32 d不能从组织样品中检测到病毒RNA,检出高峰期为感染后7 d～14 d.在6种不同组织中均不同程度地检测到病毒核酸,其中以肝脏组织检出率最高(68.9%),其次为脾脏(62.2%)、心(48.9%)、肾(46.7%)和胰(35.6%);肛门棉拭子的检出率最低(17.8%),显示了番鸭呼肠病毒在感染机体内的动态分布情况.     

三穗麻鸭Cofilin2基因序列分析及其组织表达研究

为探究三穗麻鸭丝切蛋白2（Cofilin2）基因特征及其在鸭组织中的表达规律,试验根据GenBank中鸡Cofilin2基因序列设计特异性引物,利用RT-PCR方法扩增获得目的基因,利用生物信息学软件分析三穗麻鸭Cofilin2基因特征,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测Cofilin2基因在三穗麻鸭不同组织中的表达情况。结果显示,三穗麻鸭Cofilin2基因编码区大小为498 bp,可编码166个氨基酸;三穗麻鸭Cofilin2基因序列与鸡、猕猴、牛、小鼠、安大略鲑、人和猪相应序列的同源性分别为94.4%、91.6%、91.6%、87.6%、77.7%、70.5%和69.5%;系统进化树显示,Cofilin2基因在不同物种进化过程中高度保守;Cofilin2基因编码蛋白的二级结构由α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角和无规则卷曲组成,三级结构呈弯曲螺旋结构;实时荧光定量PCR检测显示,三穗麻鸭Cofilin2基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、脑、胸腺、十二指肠、腿肌和法氏囊等组织器官中均有不同程度表达,其中心脏中表达量最高,法氏囊中表达量最低。本试验结果为三穗麻鸭抗病分子机理研究奠定了基础。     

NPY、TSH-β、CaBP-28K基因在鸭繁殖期组织中的表达水平分析

本研究对繁殖期高邮鸭神经肽Y(NPY)、促甲状腺激素β(TSH-β)、钙结合蛋白-D28K(CaBP-28K)基因在中枢神经组织和周围组织表达量进行了实时荧光定量分析。结果表明:NPY基因在下丘脑中表达量显著高于在垂体和在小肠中的表达量(P<0.05),在卵巢、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰腺、子宫、胸肌、腿肌等9个部位呈痕量表达;TSH-β基因在垂体、小肠中表达量较高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);CaBP-28K基因在小肠表达量最多,其次是卵巢和肾脏,但均显著大于垂体中表达量(P<0.05),在其他测定部位呈痕量表达,就生殖轴而言,CaBP-28KmRNA的表达量表现为卵巢>垂体>下丘脑。本研究为了解高邮鸭繁殖期相关基因的表达特征和内分泌机制,指导高邮鸭选种选育提供了理论依据。     

Molecular Cloning,Sequence Analysis and Tissues Expression Profile of Part of Mink Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Genes

The present study was aimed to explore the potential role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the mink immunity, and accumulate alternative genetic material for the mink breeding for disease-resistant.Four pairs of primers were designed according to ferret TLR sequences in GenBank to obtain the sequences of TLR genes (TLR4, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR8) of mink and then performed bioinformatics analysis of these sequences.In addition, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 genes in various tissues in young and adult minks were analyzed by RT-PCR. Sequence homology analysis showed that mink had higher homology with carnivora (ferrets, polar bear, panda, walrus, seals, dog, tiger and cat) which had the nearest perimeter in the phylogenetic tree.Tissue expression analysis showed that TLR4 and TLR7 were widely and differently expressed in variety tissues of mink.Interestingly, the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 in young mink were much higher than that in adult mink.     

水貂部分Toll样受体(TLRs)基因的分子克隆、序列分析及组织表达分析

试验旨在研究Toll 样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)在水貂抗病毒免疫中的作用机制,并为抗病育种积累可供选择的基因素材。本试验以雪貂TLRs基因为参考序列设计4对引物对水貂TLR4、TLR6、TLR7及TLR8进行分子克隆,并对所得序列进行生物信息学分析,进一步利用半定量RT-PCR技术分析TLR4和TLR7基因mRNA在不同年龄水貂各组织中的表达情况。结果表明,水貂TLRs与食肉目动物(雪貂、北极熊、大熊猫、海象、海豹、犬、老虎和猫)具有较高的同源性,在系统发育树中距离最近;组织表达分析表明TLR4和TLR7在检测的组织中广泛表达且表达量存在差异,相比成年水貂,仔貂各组织中TLR4或TLR7基因表达量更高。     

Cloning,expression, and polymorphism at the 5ʹ-flanking region of the GnRH gene and their association with laying traits in Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata)

1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a neuropeptide, plays a vital role in the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. In vertebrates, GnRH is crucial for the onset of sexual development and the entire reproductive process. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic factors associated with egg-laying traits of Muscovy ducks.

2. The full-length cDNA (474 bp) of Muscovy duck GnRH was obtained and characterised. It encodes 92 amino acids containing a 1-amino acid signal peptide cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Muscovy duck GnRH has a close relationship with Anas platyrhynchos GnRH.

3. GnRH showed significantly different expression profiles between 4 developmental periods in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. The expression of GnRH in the laying period (36 weeks) was higher than at other periods in the three tissues. GnRH was widely expressed in 12 examined tissues of nesting and laying Muscovy ducks. In the hypothalamus, pituitary and gonads, the expression of GnRH was higher than in other tissues.

4. In laying Muscovy ducks, the expression of GnRH in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary, muscular stomach, pancreas, heart, duodenum and spleen was significantly higher than in nesting dusks. Differences were detected in the liver and glandular stomach between laying ducks and nesting ducks. Differences between the kidney and lung were not significant.

5. In the pituitary, the GnRH and GnRH receptor (GnRHR) genes shared the same expression profiles during 4 time points. Both genes had the highest expression at 36 weeks of age.

6. A mutation (g.206G > A) in the 5?-flanking region was associated with egg-laying performance. Individuals with genotype GG had better egg-laying performance than the individuals with genotype AA. GnRH may be used as a marker gene for laying performance in the Muscovy duck.

     

高、低产双黄蛋高邮鸭卵巢组织差异分析

本试验以高邮鸭为研究对象,选择双黄蛋高、低产组高邮鸭各6只,颈动脉放血致死后立即采集下丘脑、垂体、肝脏、输卵管及卵巢组织,将采集的卵巢组织通过组织切片、HE染色观察卵巢形态结构,并对双黄蛋高、低产组高邮鸭卵巢中等级卵泡进行统计对比;进行特异性标记蛋白卵泡刺激素受体（FSHR）免疫组化染色,观察两组高邮鸭卵巢阳性细胞表达情况及卵巢颗粒细胞分布;同时提取下丘脑、垂体、肝脏、输卵管及卵巢组织RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测FSHR基因的表达。结果显示,双黄蛋高产和低产组高邮鸭卵巢在组织结构及卵泡发育上存在明显差异,高产组卵巢上的卵泡繁密且发育良好,密布着众多小黄卵泡、大白卵泡及小白卵泡,各级卵泡大小差异明显;而低产组卵巢上的卵泡稀疏且发育较为迟缓,小黄卵泡、大白卵泡及小白卵泡数量较少。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果表明,高产组高邮鸭下丘脑、垂体、肝脏及输卵管中的FSHR基因表达量极显著高于低产组（P<0.01）,而卵巢中FSHR基因表达量在两组中差异不显著（P>0.05）。本试验结果表明,双黄蛋高、低产组高邮鸭的卵巢结构及卵泡发育存在显著差异,卵巢上的微环境可能是影响高邮鸭双黄蛋产蛋性能的影响因素。     

Characterization of toll-like receptors 1–10 in spotted hyenas

Previous research has shown that spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) regularly survive exposure to deadly pathogens such as rabies, canine distemper virus, and anthrax, suggesting that they have robust immune defenses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved molecular patterns and initiate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR genes are evolutionarily conserved, and assessing TLR expression in various tissues can provide insight into overall immunological organization and function. Studies of the hyena immune system have been minimal thus far due to the logistical and ethical challenges of sampling and preserving the immunological tissues of this and other long-lived, wild species. Tissue samples were opportunistically collected from captive hyenas humanely euthanized for a separate study. We developed primers to amplify partial sequences for TLRs 1–10, sequenced the amplicons, compared sequence identity to those in other mammals, and quantified TLR expression in lymph nodes, spleens, lungs, and pancreases. Results show that hyena TLR DNA and protein sequences are similar to TLRs in other mammals, and that TLRs 1–10 were expressed in all tissues tested. This information will be useful in the development of new assays to understand the interactions among the hyena immune system, pathogens, and the microbial communities that inhabit hyenas.     

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of duck Toll-like receptor 5

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is responsible for the recognition of bacterial flagellin in vertebrates. In this study, we cloned the single-exon TLR5 gene of the Maya breed of Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). The TLR5 open reading frame is 2580 bp in length and encodes an 859-amino acid protein. The putative amino acid sequence of duck TLR5 consisted of a signal peptide sequence, 11 leucine-rich repeat domains, a leucine-rich repeat C-terminal domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain. The duck TLR5 gene was highly expressed in the lung, bone marrow, spleen, and liver; moderately expressed in kidney, small intestine, large intestine, and brain. A plasmid expressing duck TLR5 was constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells, and expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. HEK293T cells transfected with duck TLR5- and NF-κB-luciferase-containing plasmids significantly responded to flagellin from Salmonella typhimurium, indicating that it is a functional TLR5 homolog.     

猪PPARs基因组织表达特性的研究

以成年母猪为研究材料,采用RT-PCR半定量法对猪PPARα、β/δ和γ基因组织表达特点进行了研究。结果表明:在检测的18种组织中除胰腺组织外,3种PPAR亚型在其他17种组织中均有表达。表达量高低依次为PPARα,子宫绒毛膜>皮下脂肪>卵巢>大肠>脾脏>大脑>肾上腺>心脏>肺>小肠>脊髓>子宫蜕膜>胃>肝脏>背最长肌>膀胱>肾脏;PPARδ,子宫绒毛膜>卵巢>大肠>脾脏>肝脏>胃>皮下脂肪>大脑>肺>肾上腺>子宫蜕膜>脊髓>背最长肌>心脏>肾脏>小肠>膀胱;PPARγ,背最长肌>皮下脂肪>卵巢>脾脏>肺>大肠>膀胱>子宫绒毛膜>子宫蜕膜>心脏>胃>肝脏>肾脏>大脑>脊髓>肾上腺>小肠。3种亚型PPAR在卵巢和/或子宫绒毛膜中都有较高的表达,提示它们与猪的繁殖性能相关。     

Study on Expression of CD46 Gene in Different Tissues of Xinjiang Brown Cattle

In order to study the differences of CD46 gene expression in different tissues of Xinjiang Brown cattle and preliminarily master the expression regular pattern in different tissues, specific primers was designed in this study, and Real-time quantitative PCR technique was used to analyze the expression of CD46 gene in different tissues of Xinjiang Brown cattle like heart,liver,spleen,lung, kidney,small intestine,large intestine,stomach,muscle,ovarian and breast, respectively.The results showed that CD46 gene was expressed in all 11 samples of Xinjiang Brown cattle,and the expression in the liver was the highest, which was significantly higher than in lung,spleen,kidney, stomach,small intestine, large intestine, ovarian and breast (P< 0.05).By analyzing the results of CD46 gene expression in tissues of Xinjiang Brown cattle could provide information for studying the CD46 gene expression regulation pattern and biological function.     

水禽StAR基因克隆、表达及其对睾丸发育的影响

旨在获取水禽StAR基因的结构和组织表达规律，初步了解其对水禽睾丸发育的影响。本研究选取山麻鸭和狮头鹅的下丘脑和睾丸组织为材料，克隆StAR基因，并采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测该基因在山麻鸭和狮头鹅不同组织中的表达规律，并进一步比较该基因在不同时期鹅睾丸组织中的表达差异。本试验克隆获得鸭StAR基因3个转录本（dSTAR-A、dSTAR-B和dSTAR-C），dSTAR-A和dSTAR-B编码序列相同，编码283个氨基酸，而dSTAR-C编码238个氨基酸；获得鹅STAR基因两个转录本（gSTAR-A和gSTAR-B），均编码283个氨基酸。比对分析发现，鸭和鹅StAR氨基酸序列与其他禽类的同源性较高，在物种间的保守性高。StAR基因在鸭和鹅的各个组织中均有表达，其中在睾丸中表达量最高，在腹脂、胸肌和腿肌也有较高的表达水平。比较不同时期公鹅的睾丸，发现该基因在3岁龄时表达水平极显著高于1和52日龄（P<0.01），且在成年公鹅繁殖期的表达水平极显著高于休产期（P<0.01）。结果表明，StAR基因可能是鹅睾丸发育所必需的关键基因，并参与成年公鹅繁殖性能的调控。     

CD46基因在新疆褐牛不同组织中的表达研究

为了探究CD46基因在新疆褐牛不同组织中的表达丰度差异,初步掌握CD46基因在新疆褐牛不同组织中的表达规律,试验设计了特异性引物,应用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析新疆褐牛心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、小肠、大肠、胃、肌肉、卵巢和乳腺中的CD46基因表达情况。结果表明,新疆褐牛CD46基因在所检测的11种组织中均有表达,不同组织部位的表达存在差异,其中肝脏CD46表达丰度最高,其表达丰度显著高于肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、小肠、大肠、卵巢和乳腺（P< 0.05）。本研究对新疆褐牛各组织CD46基因的表达规律进行初步分析,为CD46基因表达规律与其生物功能研究的开展提供了参考依据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对仔猪小肠局部天然免疫及TLR表达的影响

本研究主要探索枯草芽孢杆菌对仔猪小肠局部天然免疫及TLR表达的影响。选取4窝相同胎次的新生仔猪(15头)为研究对象。分别于仔猪0、7、14、26日龄灌喂枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis(活菌数为1×108CFU.mL-1)。试验结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌能够显著地促进十二指肠中TLR9和细胞因子IL-6的表达(P<0.05)以及回肠中细胞因子IL-1的表达(P<0.01),同时能够显著地提高仔猪小肠IgA分泌细胞的数量(P<0.01)。结果提示,枯草芽孢杆菌可能通过胞外成分激活小肠TLR9的表达后,诱导细胞因子IL-6的分泌,促进IgA分泌细胞数量增加。饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌具有促进新生仔猪小肠细胞免疫和体液免疫的作用,对预防新生仔猪腹泻提供了应用前景。