串联双病原物诱导启动子驱动基因表达的特性

 在植物抗病基因工程中,目标基因可控的高效表达是一重要目标。在前期的研究中,我们将串联的病原物高度特异性诱导启动子EAS4(EP)和hsr203J(HP)转入烟草,uidA基因在相应病原物或激发子诱导后可被驱动表达。为进一步研究此串联双启动子驱动的基因表达特性,采用荧光法对GUS诱导表达活性进行了定量检测。结果发现,双启动子表现较高的诱导表达活性,双启动子与单启动子的活性差异均达极显著水平。研究还发现,两个启动子串联的顺序对其活性强度和时间动态有影响,双启动子HP+EP的诱导表达高峰出现在诱导后6~10 h,而EP+HP的活性高峰出现在诱导后8~14 h。同时,初步分析了串联的EP和HP协同促进基因高水平表达的原因。串联的双病原物特异性诱导启动子不但可响应较广谱的病原物的诱导表达,而且可协同促进基因的高效表达,因而在植物抗病基因工程中具有广阔的应用前景。     

转基因水稻中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因启动子缺失体P3的激发子诱导活性

 选择合适的启动子是植物抗病基因工程的关键性因素,病原菌诱导型启动子的获得将为植物提供更多的启动子选择。将大麦β-1,3-葡聚糖酶同工酶GⅢ基因启动子的缺失体片段P3与报告基因gus (β-葡聚糖酸醛苷酶基因)偶联,构建植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化水稻。PCR结果表明,所获得的10株潮霉素抗性水稻植株均呈PCR阳性;DNA印迹法结果显示,9株含P3/gus的融合基因已整合到水稻基因组DNA中。GUS组织化学染色及荧光法结果显示,P3缺失体驱动的gus在激发子诱导后,获得了高水平表达。T₁代种子的GUS组织化学染色结果也表明,激发子可以诱导高水平的P3活性。     

拟南芥诱导型启动子rd29A的克隆及其功能鉴定

以改善作物抗旱性为目的,采用PCR方法从拟南芥中克隆了诱导型启动子rd29A,序列分析发现克隆的rd29A启动子与已发表的rd29A启动子序列(D13044)的同源性为99.47%。利用DNA重组技术成功构建了rd29A启动子驱动GUS基因的植物表达载体p BI121-rd29-GUS,并通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草,转基因烟草叶片中GUS酶活性的组织化学检测结果表明,rd29A启动子能驱动目的基因的有效表达。因此,可以在后续的马铃薯抗旱转基因研究中直接应用。     

2个适于水稻条斑病菌致病相关基因转录表达分析的启动子探针载体的构建

 水稻条斑病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, Xoc)为稻黄单胞菌种下的致病变种,引起细菌性条斑病(bacterial leaf streak, BLS),对水稻安全生产构成严重威胁。为准确在水稻条斑病菌中进行致病相关基因的转录表达和调控分析,本研究构建了包含终止子、gusA报道基因和多克隆位点等启动子探针元件的载体pUTG01和pUTG14。选取Xoc的hrpF启动子,构建在pUTG01载体上,将其导入hrpX突变体RΔhrpX中,GUS活性测定结果显示,hrpF基因的表达显著减低,验证了hrpF受HrpX正调控,证实该载体可有效进行基因的转录表达分析;通过双质粒兼容共存策略,在hrpX突变体中同时实现了hrpX基因的功能互补和通过GUS活性定量测定hrpF基因的转录表达分析。该载体系统的建立,为后续分析稻黄单胞菌致病相关基因的表达调控提供了有效的工作系统。     

大豆凝集素基因lec-s转化烟草>增强对烟草花叶病毒的抗性

 将编码大豆凝集素的lec-s基因插入植物表达载体pBI121中,构建植物重组表达质粒pBI121:: lec-s。由根癌土壤杆菌EHA105介导的叶盘法转化烟草,获得了转基因烟草株系。PCR和RT-PCR检测证明lec-s基因已转入烟草植株中。接种烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）进行抗病性试验结果表明,转基因烟草叶片上的病斑数显著减少,说明转基因烟草表现出对TMV的抗性。定量RT-PCR检测发现,接种TMV后,抗病防卫基因（PR-1a、GST1、Pal和hsr515）在转基因烟草叶片中显著上调表达。这些结果表明,大豆凝集素基因lec-s转化烟草可对TMV产生抗性,其作用机制可能在于lec-s基因参与了植物的防卫信号通路,诱导了抗病防卫基因在转基因植株体内的表达,增强了植株对TMV的系统抗性。     

病原细菌无毒基因avrD介导的抗赤星病转基因烟草

 利用从病原细菌Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato中获得的无毒基因avrD片段与病原菌诱导型的特异启动子PⅠⅡ、CHS和PAL构建成表达盒,通过土壤农杆菌分别转化烟草品种K326和Bottom Special。经烟草赤星病菌孢子定量接种转基因植株及其离体叶片,筛选到一批高抗植株。Southern分子杂交检测证明,启动子-avrD嵌合基因已整合到寄主染色体并获得表达。     

dsRNA分解酶PAC 1对4种植物病毒、3种类病毒dsRNA的降解活性检测及转pac 1基因烟草的获得

 将来自粟酒裂殖酵母的pac 1基因,导入原核表达载体pET-5a中,并转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLysS,经IPTG诱导,其表达产物能够降解4种植物病毒Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)、Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)、Rice black-streaked dwarf(RBSDV)和Rice dwarf virus(RDV)和3种类病毒Apple scar skin viroid(ASSVd)、Coleus blumei viroid(CBVd)和Hopstunt viroid(HSVd)的dsRNA。将pac 1导入双元载体pBI121,并转入根癌农杆菌LBA4404,以烟草(品种NC89)组培苗的叶片为受体材料进行转化,经过诱导愈伤、分化、再生和筛选培养,获得了50株Kan抗性植株,收获T₁种子分别播种,对这些转基因植株进行分子生物学检测。PCR、PCR-Southern和RT-PCR检测结果表明,pac 1基因已整合到受体基因组中。     

田旋花 EPSPS 基因启动子的克隆、序列分析及转化

根据已克隆的田旋花（ Convolvulus arvensis L．） EPSPS基因mRNA序列设计引物,通过染色体步移技术获得了1142 bp的EPSPS-P启动子片段（ GenBank 登录号：KC107822）。对启动子序列分析显示,该片段富含A/T碱基、TATA-box、CAAT-box及其他作用元件如GATA-motif、TC-rich repeats、sp1等。将该启动子与GUS报告基因连接以构建植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法获得转基因拟南芥;PCR和GUS组织化学染色分析证明, EPSPS-P已转化到拟南芥中。     

一个水稻褐飞虱为害诱导型启动子的克隆

目前组成型启动子在基因工程中的应用最为广泛,然而驱动外源基因在各组织中持续恒定地表达可能引起植物发育迟缓等问题。诱导型启动子能够在特定条件下实现目的基因定时优势表达,最大限度减少由于非必需蛋白在转基因植物内的积累对其造成的伤害。依据基因芯片数据并通过定量RT-PCR验证,找到了一个受水稻褐飞虱(Nilaparavata lugens)为害诱导表达基因(LOC_Os01g73940)。用PCR技术从籼稻品种‘TN1’的基因组中获得Os01g73940上游1 953bp的启动子片段,命名为BPHIP。将BPHIP连接到带有β-glucuronidase(GUS)报告基因的植物表达载体上,通过农杆菌介导转化水稻品种‘中花11’。通过GUS组织化学染色法及定量RT-PCR检测证明,BPHIP是一个受褐飞虱为害和茉莉酸处理诱导上调的启动子。利用此类启动子在基因工程中可以减少对水稻生理方面产生的副作用,对抗虫转基因水稻具有良好的应用价值。     

水稻白叶枯病菌harpin基因的克隆与表达

 用PCR方法从水稻黄单胞菌白叶枯致病变种(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo) JxoIII菌株中克隆到编码诱导植物过敏性反应激发子的基因hrfA。同源性比较发现其推测产物与水稻白叶枯病菌菲律宾小种Pxo86的Hpa1有97.2%的序列一致性,比Hpa1少了一个-GGG-GG-氨基酸残基序列重复。基因经NdeI和BamHI双酶切后连到含T7启动子的高表达载体pET 30a (+)上构建重组质粒pHRF4,并转化宿主菌BL21(DE3)产生表达菌株BLHR4。经过IPTG诱导之后,BLHR4产生一分子量为15.6 kD的蛋白质。研究表明,该蛋白在性质与功能上类似于其它已发现的harpins,即能够在烟草上引起典型的过敏性反应,富含甘氨酸、热稳定以及对蛋白酶敏感。因此,我们把该蛋白定名为harpin_Xoo。harpin_Xoo还具有诱导植物抗病性的功能。     

抗菌肽和几丁质酶基因提高烟草对黑胫病菌和赤星病菌的抗性研究

 通过农杆菌介导法将加信号肽修饰的人工合成杂合抗菌肽CEMA基因(SPCEMA),苜蓿防御素基因(AFP),苦瓜几丁质酶基因(CHI)以及SPCEMA-CHI、AFP-CHI、AFP-SPCEMA双价基因导入本明烟(Nicotiana benthamiana),并对转基因烟草T₀和T₁代进行了抗病性检测,比较了不同转基因植株的抗病效果。研究结果表明,转基因烟草对黑胫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)、赤星病菌(Alternaria alternata)的抗性均强于非转基因烟草,病情指数差异达极显著水平,其中转AFP-CHI双价基因烟草具有较强的抗性,与单价转基因烟草的抗性差异达显著水平。但各单价转基因以及双价转基因烟草之间对上述病菌并未表现出显著的抗病性差异。结果表明植物源的抗菌肽基因与几丁质酶基因在抗植物真菌病害中具有协同增效作用。     

含双病原物诱导启动子无选择标记转基因烟草的获得

Transgenic plants are controversial for their edible and environmental security. Marker-free transgenic plants can be produced by the construction and transformation of plant expression vectors carrying twin T-DNAs. The construction of plant expression vectors harboring twin T-DNAs and two pathogen-inducible promoters was previously reported. These vector plasmids were introduced into tobacco plants and the transgenic tobacco plants were obtained. In this paper we report that T₁ transgenic tobacco seedlings were produced through classical genetics approach. Analysis of the seedlings demonstrated that some of them were marker-free lines. The segregation of exogenous genes in T₁ transgenic tobacco seedlings was tested by using two methods. Firstly, the ability of resistance to kanamycin was analyzed in T₁ transgenic tobacco seedlings from 14 transgenic plant lines. It was found that the segregation ratio of NPTII genes met well with Mendel’s law in 13 transgenic tobacco lines. So it was deduced that NPTII gene was as a single copy integrated into one of the homologous chromosomes. Then the NPTII genes and uidA genes of 130 T₁ transgenic seedlings were detected from the above 13 tobacco lines. The results showed that uidA genes were only detected in 20.77% of the seedlings, NPTII genes were solely detected in 22.31% of the seedlings, but both exogenous genes were in 53.85% of the seedlings. The segregation ratio of the two genes was consistent with the law of independent assortment (9∶3∶3∶1). These results suggested that the selective marker gene had no linkage with the reporter gene and they were segregated independently in the T₁ transgenic tobacco plants. This method, as compared with traditional backcross, is confirmed a more easy and rapid way to eliminate the antibiotic resistance gene used as a selective marker in transgenic plants.     

核基质结合区对马铃薯Y病毒全长非翻译CP基因介导抗病性的影响

 为探索核基质结合区(matrix attachment regions,MARs)对RNA介导的病毒抗性的影响,我们将从烟草中克隆到的核基质结合区TM2构建在包含马铃薯Y病毒全长非翻译CP基因的植物表达载体pRPVYCPN的表达盒的两侧,构建了植物表达载体pRTM2CPNTM2。采用农杆菌介导基因转化法,将表达载体pRPVYCPN和pRTM2CPNTM2转入烟草品种NC89中,分别获得了144株和344株转基因烟草。抗病性检测发现,核基质结合区的存在能明显提高RNA介导抗性的产生效率。在含MARs转基因植株中,抗病植株的比率为15.1%,而不含核基质结合区的转基因植株的抗病比率则为8.3%。这一研究结果对抗病毒植物的分子育种和转基因表达调控有指导意义。     

水稻抗病基因Xa21转入3个粳稻品种的抗性初步分析

 通过农杆菌介导转化,将已克隆的水稻白叶枯病抗性基因Xa21转入我国辽宁省3个粳稻品种:沈农606、辽粳454、辽粳294,共获得独立转基因系205个。通过PCR、GUS染色和Southern blot分析,证明Xa21基因已经整合到3个粳稻栽培品种的基因组中。通过温室接种菲律宾白叶枯病小种6的代表菌系PXO99,T₀代转基因水稻除了3-34表现部分抗性外,其它的转基因材料均表现高度抗病,表明Xa21转基因水稻已经获得抗性;温室接种T₁和T₂代试验表明,单拷贝整合的转化体呈现3:1分离,同时单拷贝3-34材料也表现部分抗性和感病3:1分离,证明已整合的Xa21基因能稳定遗传;同时对3-34部分抗性机制进行了分子生物学检测,证明GUS基因全部丢失、Xa21基因部分丢失并导致部分抗性。获得部分抗性材料,对于深入研究Xa21基因的功能区和研究抗病分子机制具有重要的意义。     

Root-specific expression of defensin in transgenic tobacco results in enhanced resistance against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora parasitica</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">nicotianae</Emphasis>

Phytophthora species are soil-borne pathogens that damage plants in both agro- and natural ecosystems. To suppress the devastating pathogen, we generated a root-specific expression system using a specific promoter (pPRP3) conferring elevated expression of the target gene in roots that are very susceptible to soil-borne pathogens. To verify root-specific expression, we compared β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression driven by a constitutive or root-specific promoters in shoots and roots. In histochemical and fluorometric assays, GUS activity was detected in whole tobacco plants when GUS expression was driven by p35S, but was detected only in the roots by pPRP3. We then expressed a pepper defensin (J1–1) gene in tobacco to elucidate its effect on plant resistance. The accumulation of J1–1 was also tissue-specific in transgenic tobacco plants. Finally, transgenic plants carrying GUS or J1–1 genes in combination with p35S or pPRP3 were inoculated with Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and Pythium aphanidermatum. Disease symptoms were significantly suppressed in transgenic plants that accumulated J1–1, regardless of the promoter used. Furthermore, the expression of PR genes was induced in J1–1 transgenic plants, exhibiting much higher levels in p35S-driven J1–1 plants than in pPRP3::J1–1 plants. These results demonstrated that J1–1 transgenic plants were primed for enhanced expression of PR genes, which provided synergistic effects with the defensin for disease resistance.