甲壳素及其衍生物在水产品保鲜中的应用研究进展

珍珠龙(Scleropages jardini),隶属于骨舌鱼目(Osteoglossiformes)、骨舌鱼科(Osteoglossidae)、硬骨舌鱼属(Scleropages),英文名Northern Barramundi或Australia arowana,原产地在澳洲东部、北部.     

骨舌鱼生物学分类

<正>亚洲龙鱼(Scleropages formosus)是骨舌鱼目,骨舌鱼科中的一种现存品种。在骨舌鱼科家族中共有7个品种,它包括两个亚科,即异耳鱼亚科和骨舌鱼亚科。异耳鱼亚科包括两个属,这两个属又只各包括一个种,即来自南美洲的海象(巨骨舌鱼,居维叶,1892年)和非洲龙鱼(尼罗河异耳鱼,居维叶,1892年)。在骨舌鱼亚科中,有骨舌鱼属和硬骨鱼两个属。骨舌鱼属又包括银龙鱼(骨舌鱼属双须骨舌鱼,居维叶,1892年)和黑龙     

珠江所双须骨舌鱼(银龙鱼)雌雄鉴别技术取得突破，并实现“一对一”配对繁殖成功

正骨舌鱼,俗称龙鱼,是一种古老的"活化石"鱼类,具有较高的经济价值、科研价值和社会价值。在我国市场最常见是美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(金龙鱼)和双须骨舌鱼(银龙鱼)。珠江水产研究所观赏渔业研究室经过十多年的努力,先后突破了金龙鱼和银龙鱼的繁殖技术难关,但由于骨舌鱼雌雄性外形难以辨别,     

双须骨舌鱼卵黄蛋白受体基因(vtgr)组织表达及生物信息学分析

为探究卵黄蛋白受体(Vitellogenin receptor,Vtgr)在双须骨舌鱼性腺发育的作用及组织表达规律,本研究运用RACE技术首次克隆获得双须骨舌鱼vtgr cDNA全序列,该序列全长为2 841 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为2 556bp,编码氨基酸851个,5'端非编码区26 bp,3'端非编码区258 bp。生物信息学分析显示,vtgr蛋白分子质量为93.6 ku,等电点为4.78,含有8个低密度脂蛋白受体A结构域(LDLa),5个低密度脂蛋白受体YWTD结构域(LY),2个类表皮生长因子结构域(EGF),1个钙结合类表皮生长因子结构域(EGF-CA),1个跨度为23个氨基酸的跨膜结构域,属于极低密度脂蛋白受体(vldlr),是亲水性跨膜蛋白。多序列比对分析表明,双须骨舌鱼vtgr高度保守,与美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)相似度最高为95.96%。系统进化树分析发现,与美丽硬仆骨舌鱼聚为一支,与鲽形目、鲤形目、鲑形目亲缘性较远。qRT-PCR结果分析发现,双须骨舌鱼vtgr在雌雄鱼的8个不同组织中均有表达,在卵巢和精巢中的相对表达量显著高于鳃、肝、脾、心脏、头肾、脑等组织(P0.05)。此外,vtgr在雌雄鱼性腺发育Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ期表达分析表明,在卵巢中vtgr相对表达量依次递减,且Ⅱ期显著高于Ⅲ和Ⅳ期(P0.05);精巢中3个时期vtgr表达无显著差异(P0.05),但Ⅱ和Ⅲ期表达量显著低于卵巢(P0.05)。研究表明,vtgr基因编码区序列有较高保守性。Vtgr在双须骨舌鱼前期卵巢发育中发挥着重要作用。     

碳酸氢钠改善巨骨舌鱼养殖水质的应用研究

正巨骨舌鱼(Arapaima gigas)又名海象,隶属于脊索动物门、辐鳍鱼纲、骨舌鱼目、骨舌鱼科、巨骨舌鱼属。巨骨舌鱼生长迅速,体质健硕,幼鱼体表呈青色,随着年龄的增长,身体后半部的鳞片边缘会从尾部开始逐渐变成鲜红色,直到背腹,加上其游泳时的霸气身姿,十分引人注目,已成为海洋馆主要大型观赏鱼品种。巨骨舌鱼是青岛水族馆淡水生物展区重点展示的大型观赏鱼品种之一,深受游客的关注与喜爱。2019年12月,巨骨舌鱼展池的水质常处于非正常状态,尤其是pH和亚硝态氮指标异常,     

双须骨舌鱼抗缪勒氏管激素基因amh的克隆、组织表达分析和原核表达

为探究双须骨舌鱼抗缪勒氏管激素基因amh的作用和表达模式,本研究通过RACE技术克隆了双须骨舌鱼amh基因全长c DNA序列,发现存在amh1、amh2两个亚型(Gen Bank登录号KU378662、KU378663)。序列分析结果显示,双须骨舌鱼amh1基因的c DNA全长2277 bp,编码623个氨基酸,amh2基因c DNA全长2181 bp,编码355个氨基酸。同源性分析显示,amh基因保守性较低,双须骨舌鱼与同科的美丽硬仆骨舌鱼相似度最高,为85.64%,与不同科鱼类的相似度均低于42%。系统进化分析显示,该基因与骨舌鱼目聚为一支,与鲱形目、鲤形目等较低等的硬骨鱼类亲缘关系较近,与双须骨舌鱼进化地位相符。用荧光定量PCR检测的结果显示,amh基因在双须骨舌鱼不同组织中均有表达,其中amh1亚型在精巢中表达量最高,且明显高于卵巢和其他组织;amh2亚型也在精巢中表达量最高,且明显高于其他组织,但远远低于amh1在精巢中的表达。构建了原核表达载体p ColdⅠ-amh1和p ColdⅠ-amh2并在大肠杆菌中成功诱导出大小分别为68和48 ku的融合蛋白,为进一步研究amh在双须骨舌鱼体内的生物功能奠定了基础。     

三种水族馆珍贵鱼类的营养成分分析及脂肪酸营养评价

睛斑鳗狼鱼、巨巴西骨舌鱼和锥齿鲨是水族馆中珍贵的展示鱼类,但是有关这3种鱼类成体的营养生理研究却十分缺乏。本研究对从水族馆获得的成年睛斑鳗狼鱼、巨巴西骨舌鱼和锥齿鲨的肌肉和肝脏组织进行了常规营养成分(水分、灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量)和脂肪酸组成测定分析,并进一步将3种鱼类所食饵料与其肝脏和肌肉中的脂肪酸相对含量进行了比较。结果显示,在3种鱼中,锥齿鲨肌肉和肝脏中的蛋白质含量最高,分别为26.84%和24.03%;睛斑鳗狼鱼的肌肉和肝脏中的脂肪含量最高,分别为41.96%和32.27%;巨巴西骨舌鱼的肌肉和肝脏中的灰分含量最高,分别为4.95%和5.51%。锥齿鲨肌肉和肝脏中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量高于睛斑鳗狼鱼,睛斑鳗狼鱼肌肉和肝脏中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量高于巨巴西骨舌鱼和锥齿鲨,巨巴西骨舌鱼肌肉和肝脏中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量及其肌肉中UFA/SFA值高于睛斑鳗狼鱼和锥齿鲨。研究表明,锥齿鲨所食饵料与其体内脂肪酸组成最为相似,其肌肉和肝脏与饵料的相关系数分别为0.972和0.861,其次是巨巴西骨舌鱼(0.912和0.846),而睛斑鳗狼鱼肌肉和肝脏中脂肪酸组成与所食饵料的相关系数仅分别为0.760和0.681。从脂肪酸营养的角度分析,在当前水族馆养殖条件下,锥齿鲨饵料较为合适,巨巴西骨舌鱼的饵料中应注意添加EPA和DHA,而睛斑鳗狼鱼饵料中则需提高MUFA比例。本研究首次阐明了3种珍贵的水族馆鱼类成体的营养组成,并为水族馆相应的饲料配制提供了重要的参考依据。     

人工配合饲料和鲜活饵料对银龙鱼的生长比较

正银龙鱼,学名双须骨舌鱼(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum),隶属脊索动物门、脊椎动物亚门、辐鳍鱼纲、骨舌鱼目、骨舌鱼科、骨舌鱼属。因其鳞片大,能反射不同的光彩,加之体态雍容典雅,又酷似传说中的龙,而被广大华人当做能"逢凶化吉、招财进宝"的神鱼,深受追捧。但目前无论在生产养殖还是家庭观赏养殖中都普遍采用投喂鲜活饵料的喂养方法,然而鲜活饵料秋冬短缺、价格昂贵、易败坏水质且往往携带致病源,制约了整个银龙鱼养殖业的发     

双须骨舌鱼转录组EST-SSR标记开发与引物筛选

利用MISA软件对双须骨舌鱼(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)性腺转录组测序获得的188 461条Unigene进行SSR检测,结果在11 917个Unigene中共检测到SSR位点12 578个,其中包含2个及以上SSR位点的Unigene有633个。SSR的发生频率为6.32%,平均分布距离为9 949 bp。在筛选到的SSR位点中,优势重复基序为二核苷酸、三核苷酸和四核苷酸,其中二核苷酸重复基序数量最多,占总数的50.52%。重复基元类型共216种,其中数量最多的类型为二核苷酸重复AC/GT,占总数的20.66%。从所有筛选出的SSR位点中随机选取50个位点并运用Primer Premier 5.0设计引物,共有25对引物成功扩增出特异性产物,并且均在同科的美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)的三个亚种中通用。结果表明,转录组测序产生的EST序列是开发SSR标记的有效来源,开发所得EST-SSR引物可用于双须骨舌鱼及其近缘物种遗传分析、遗传图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等工作中。     

金鳞行波-龙鱼

龙鱼只是古代鱼(Acient fishes)家族众多成员之一。不过，龙鱼所受到的关爱，决对非其它鱼族可以比拟!在地球上，既然能够被称为“古代鱼”之一成员，必然也有一段漫长时光可供追溯，早在三亿四千五百万年以前，这批隶属骨舌鱼科(Family 0steoglos—sidae)的骨舌鱼家庭，便已经活跃于冈瓦     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。