利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代饲料中鱼粉对苏氏圆腹鲑摄食、生长和饲料利用的影响

通过8周网箱实验评价了利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代苏氏圆腹鲑饲料中鱼粉的潜力.配制了7种等氮、等能饲料,其中对照饲料含45%鱼粉,在其余6种饲料中按等量蛋白替代原则分别添加31%或46%豆粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的50%或75%,添加20%或40%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%或50%,添加19%或39%棉粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%或50%.实验中所用苏氏圆腹鲑初始体重为11.3 g.实验结果表明:添加豆粕将饲料鱼粉含量从45%降低到23%,添加菜粕或棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到34%,对鱼成活率、摄食、鱼体增重、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)、饲料蛋白储积率、脏体指数和红血细胞比积(Hct)未产生显著不良影响.添加豆粕将鱼粉含量降低到11%导致鱼摄食、鱼体增重和SGR下降,添加菜粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致FCR升高和鱼体能量储积率下降,添加棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致鱼体增重、SGR和Hct下降.上述结果显示可通过添加豆粕将苏氏圆腹鲑鱼种饲料鱼粉含量降低到23%,或通过添加菜粕和棉粕将饲料鱼粉含量降低到34%.     

饲料中菜粕和棉粕的不同配比对异育银鲫生长性能、血浆生化指标和棉酚残留的影响

为考察不同菜粕和棉粕的水平组合对异育银鲫生长、饲料利用、血浆指标和棉酚残留的影响,配制了菜粕∶棉粕(菜粕与棉粕之和为60%)分别为5∶0、4∶1、3∶2、2∶3、1∶4和0∶5的6组试验饲料,投喂平均体重为5.6 g的异育银鲫8周。结果表明,随着饲料中棉粕含量升高和菜粕含量减少,异育银鲫的增重率、饲料效率、特定生长率呈现先上升后下降趋势,其中菜粕∶棉粕为3∶2组的鱼生长最佳,增重率和饲料系数分别为505.6%和1.33,具有最高的肥满度和最低肝体比;菜粕∶棉粕为5∶0组的鱼生长最差,增重率和饲料系数分别为430.1%和1.52,具有最低的肥满度和最高的肝体比。各组成活率,肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P＞0.05)。菜粕∶棉粕为5∶0组鱼的血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力相对于菜粕∶棉粕分别为3∶2和2∶3组显著增加(P＜0.05);菜粕∶棉粕为3∶2组鱼的血浆碱性磷酸酶活力在各组中最高(P＜0.05);血浆中总蛋白在各组间差异不明显(P＞0.05)。对异育银鲫肌肉和肝脏分析发现,游离棉酚含量随着饲料中棉粕含量的升高而升高(P＜0.05)。本研究表明,在配方中菜粕和棉粕总量为60%的情况下,菜粕∶棉粕为3∶2时异育银鲫的生长性能最佳,具有最高的增重率和最低的饲料系数,过高的菜粕或棉粕均会降低鱼体的生长性能,使鱼体血浆ALT和AST活力升高。     

添加晶体或包膜DL-蛋氨酸对利用豆粕替代花鲈饲料中鱼粉的影响

通过8周生长实验检验了添加晶体或包膜DL-蛋氨酸对利用豆粕替代花鲈饲料中鱼粉的影响,以确定添加DL-蛋氨酸对提高饲料鱼粉替代水平的作用。对照饲料鱼粉水平为40%。采用2×4实验设计,按等蛋白替代原则分别用豆粕替代对照组饲料中鱼粉的40%（L）和80%（H）;在每个鱼粉替代水平上,分别添加晶体DL-蛋氨酸（A）、包膜DL-蛋氨酸（B）、晶体DL-蛋氨酸和包膜材料（C）以及按1:1比例配制的B和C的混合物（D）。配成8种等氮、等脂肪的实验饲料（LA、LB、LC、LD、HA、HB、HC和HD）。饲料LA、LB、LC和LD含24%鱼粉,并分别添加0.5% A、1.3%B、1.3%C或1.3%D;饲料HA、HB、HC和HD含8%鱼粉,并分别添加0.7% A、1.8% B、1.8% C或1.8% D。实验鱼初始体质量为（6.0 ± 0.1）g。实验结果表明,饲料鱼粉替代水平显著影响花鲈增重（WG）、摄食率（FI）、饲料系数（FCR）、饲料氮沉积效率（NRE）、饲料氮废物排放量（TNW）、肝体比（HSI）以及全鱼水分和粗脂肪含量;DL-蛋氨酸剂型可显著影响饲料磷废物排放量（TPW）。当添加的DL-蛋氨酸剂型相同时,WG和NRE随饲料鱼粉替代水平增加而下降,而FCR和TNW增加;在相同饲料鱼粉替代水平下,添加晶体或包膜DL-蛋氨酸未导致花鲈WG、FCR、NRE、CF、HSI、鱼体组成、TNW和TPW出现显著差异。上述结果显示,通过添加豆粕可将花鲈饲料中鱼粉含量降低至24%,而添加晶体或包膜DL-蛋氨酸不能进一步提高利用豆粕替代饲料鱼粉的水平。     

不同饲料蛋白水平下点带石斑鱼对鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物的利用能力

通过10周网箱养殖实验,评价了不同饲料蛋白水平下点带石斑鱼对1种鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物的利用能力。采用2×4实验设计,设2个饲料蛋白水平(490 g/kg和530 g/kg粗蛋白),每个饲料蛋白水平下设4个鱼粉水平,其中1组饲料中加入500 g/kg鱼粉(对照),另外3组饲料中分别加入139、278、416 g/kg的鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物(鸡肉粉∶羽毛粉∶血粉=65∶20∶15)替代对照饲料中30%、60%、90%的鱼粉。实验鱼初始体重为(33.4±0.1) g。实验期间,除恶劣天气外,每天分两次按饱食量投喂实验鱼。实验结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对摄食量、增重,饲料系数、氮储积效率、能量储积效率和鱼体组成无显著影响;饲料鱼粉含量显著影响增重,饲料系数、氮储积效率和能量储积效率,但对摄食量和鱼体组成无显著影响。在相同饲料蛋白水平下,特定生长率(SGR)随鱼粉含量降低而下降;当鱼粉含量相同时,摄食高蛋白饲料的鱼SGR略高于摄食低蛋白饲料的鱼。本实验结果显示,通过添加鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物可将点带石斑鱼饲料鱼粉含量降低到200 g/kg,在490~530 g/kg范围内提高饲料蛋白水平无助于降低点带石斑鱼饲料鱼粉含量。     

棉粕酶解蛋白肽对建鲤生产性能和生化指标的影响

以2%棉粕酶解蛋白肽(以下简称蛋白肽)分别等质量替代基础日粮中2%鱼粉和2%植物蛋白原料(1.0%豆粕+0.5%菜粕+0.5%棉粕),考察蛋白肽对(48.56±1.39)g建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)生长性能、血清及肠道相关酶活的影响。结果表明:蛋白肽替代鱼粉或植物蛋白后试验组增重率和特定生长率均显著性高于对照组(P<0.05),同时饵料系数显著降低(P<0.05);蛋白肽可降低脏体比和肝体比,并显著性提高鱼体粗蛋白含量(P<0.05);同时可提高试验组建鲤血清溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶和肠道中蛋白酶的活性。     

利用γ-射线辐照提高玉米蛋白粉替代卵形鲳鲹饲料中鱼粉的潜力

通过8周饲养实验检验了γ-射线辐照处理对利用玉米蛋白粉替代卵形鲳鲹饲料中鱼粉的影响。采用2×3实验设计。对照饲料(C)中鱼粉含量为250 g/kg。用玉米蛋白粉或γ-射线辐照玉米蛋白粉分别替代饲料C中鱼粉的20%、40%或60%,配成6种等氮等脂饲料(R20、R40和R60:以玉米蛋白粉为鱼粉替代物;IR20、IR40和IR60:以γ-射线辐照玉米蛋白粉为鱼粉替代物)。实验鱼初始体质量为(31.9±0.2)g。结果显示,饲料鱼粉替代水平显著影响鱼体增重(WG)、摄食率(FI)、饲料系数(FCR)、氮储积效率(NRE)、磷储积效率(PRE)和鱼体磷含量,而γ-射线辐照处理显著影响鱼体的磷含量。无论以何种玉米蛋白粉作为鱼粉替代物,FI和WG均随饲料鱼粉替代水平增加而下降。在相同替代水平下,使用玉米蛋白粉或γ-射线辐照玉米蛋白粉作鱼粉替代物对FI、WG、FCR、NRE、PRE和鱼体组成(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分)无显著不同的影响。摄食饲料R20的鱼FI、WG、FCR和NRE与摄食饲料C的鱼相比无显著性差异,表明通过添加玉米蛋白粉可将卵形鲳鲹饲料中鱼粉含量降低至200 g/kg。研究表明,通过γ-射线辐照处理不能提高玉米蛋白粉替代饲料鱼粉的水平。     

双低菜粕对异育银鲫和团头鲂鱼体组成的影响

以异育银鲫和团头鲂为生长实验对象,对照组Ⅰ以豆粕和鱼粉为基础蛋白源,Ⅱ～Ⅴ实验组分别用16.72%、33.45%、50.17%、66.89%的"华双3号"双低菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中的25%、50%、75%、100%豆粕蛋白,Ⅵ组以83.66%的菜籽粕等氮替代对照组中100%的豆粕和鱼粉蛋白。随着饲料中双低菜籽粕蛋白替代比例的提高,异育银鲫和团头鲂鱼体的干物质、蛋白质、脂肪含量呈下降趋势,但与对照组无显著差异(p>0.05),但当双低菜粕蛋白替代豆粕蛋白的比例为100%或替代饲料中全部的豆粕和鱼粉蛋白时,二者的脂肪含量显著下降,低于对照组;氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量随着双低菜籽粕蛋白替代比例的增加略有下降,但各实验组与对照组之间无显著差异(p>0.05)。     

棉粕及脱毒棉粕替代鱼粉对虹鳟生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响

用不同比例棉粕(CM)及FeSO4处理的脱毒棉粕(CM+Fe)替代饲料中0(CM0,对照组)、10%(CM10)、20%(CM20)、30%(CM30)、50%(CM50)、70%(CM70)和50%(CM50+Fe)、70%(CM70+Fe)的鱼粉,配置成8种等氮等能的饲料,喂养(9.79±0.13)g的虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)10周,每组设3个重复,研究棉粕及脱毒棉粕对虹鳟生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。结果显示:(1)对照组虹鳟增重率(WG)与CM10～CM50以及CM50+Fe组之间差异不显著,CM70组增重率、蛋白质效率(PER)与其他各组相比显著降低,饲料系数(FCR)显著升高。(2)各试验组虹鳟全鱼和肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分与对照组差异不显著;CM0～CM70组肌肉中游离棉酚含量也逐渐增加,CM50+Fe和CM70+Fe组肌肉游离棉酚含量显著低于CM50和CM70组。(3)CM70和CM70+Fe组谷丙转氨酶与谷草转氨酶活性与对照组相比显著升高,CM10～CM50和CM50+Fe组与对照组差异不显著,血清甘油三酯含量逐渐升高,血糖含量与总蛋白含量逐渐降低。结果表明,棉粕替代鱼粉的适宜比例为19.62%。     

石斑鱼配合饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕部分替代白鱼粉的研究

在浮式海水网箱(1.5m×1m×1.5m)中养殖石斑鱼幼鱼(9.4±0.1g),在等氮(52% CP)基础上进行以发酵豆粕和普通豆粕替代鱼粉的实验, 为期56天.结果显示在石斑鱼饲料中添加14%发酵豆粕,其增重率、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料效率和蛋白质效率与对照组没有显著性差异(P>0.05),以后随着发酵豆粕添加量的上升,这些指标都显著下降(P<0.05).在同样替代水平下,添加21%发酵豆粕组,增重率,SGR,饲料效率和蛋白质效率都比添加20%豆粕组高(P<0.05),表明对海水肉食性鱼类来说,发酵豆粕是一种比豆粕更优良的蛋白源.用折线模型分析增重率随白鱼粉替代水平的变化关系,结果表明在石斑鱼配合饲料中,发酵豆粕替代白鱼粉的最适量为10%.从实际生产的经济效益出发,建议在饲料中添加14%发酵豆粕,对石斑鱼的生长和鱼体组成不会造成显著影响.     

高价杂粕行情下的水产配方调整思路

增加豆粕用量,减少杂粕用量2014年水产逐渐进入旺季,目前原料价格的整体格局是杂粕（菜粕,棉粕）价格高企,鱼粉价格高位上涨。相对于这些原料的价格,豆粕的应用价值凸显。按照原料价值采购的观点,这个时候的水产企业应加大豆粕的使用量而加少杂粕的添加。但对于绝大多数的水产饲料企业而言,对这种调整都是没有把握的。     

Evaluation of fermented soybean meal in the practical diets for juvenile Chinese sucker,Myxocyprinus asiaticus

The study was designed to investigate the influence of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on the growth and feed utilization of juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55% or 65% replacement of fish meal with FSBM on a protein basis. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish with an initial weight 4.59 ± 0.2 g for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly lower when FSBM inclusion was 391 g kg^?1 or greater, replacing more than 45% fish meal protein. A significant negative relationship was observed between growth response and the level of fish meal protein replacement with FSBM. Methionine and Lysine content decreased as FSBM inclusion levels increased, consequently compromising growth performance. Feed intake (FI) were unaffected by dietary FSBM levels. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed D‐0, D‐15, D‐25 and D‐35 diets was significantly lower than those fed other diets. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was highest at the lowest FSBM inclusion level. Experimental diets D‐0, D‐15, D‐25 and D‐35 had apparent dry matter digestibility ranging from 71.2% to 72.6% and apparent protein digestibility (ADPs) from 89.1% to 90.1%, while the diets with higher FSBM inclusion (D‐45 to D‐65) had a significantly lower apparent dry matter digestibility range (69.7–70.3%) and ADPs range (88.5–88.9%). It is concluded that FSBM is an acceptable alternative plant protein source that can replace up to 35% of fish meal protein in diets without significant adverse effects on growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition.     

Evaluation of soybean meal in the formulated diets for juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

The influence of soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and feed utilization of juvenile sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878) was investigated. Eight isonitrogenous (300 g kg^?1 CP) and isoenergetic (18 MJ kg^?1) diets were formulated incorporating Argentine SBM to replace fish meal at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, 900 and 1000 g kg^?1 dietary protein. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of fish with an initial weight 6.0–6.2 g for twelve weeks. Growth performance decreased, and feed utilization was worsened with the increase in SBM inclusion in the diets. Final weight and relative growth rate (RGR) of fish fed control diet (0 SBM) were significantly higher than those fed test diets (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the final weight and RGR between the fish fed on 15 SBM, 30 SBM, 45 SBM and 60 SBM diets. Specific growth rate of fish fed 0 SBM, 15 SBM, 30 SBM and 45 SBM diets was significantly higher than those fed other diets. Feed conversion ratio of fish fed 0 SBM, 15 SBM, 30 SBM, 45 SBM and 60 SBM diets was significantly lower than those fed other diets (P < 0.05). The dry matter and protein digestibility were lesser in all the diets in comparison with the control diet. Hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index increased with increasing SBM in diet. This present trial indicated that fish meal can be replaced by SBM in the diet of juvenile sutchi catfish only up to 45% of fish meal protein without any adverse effect on growth, feed utilization and body composition.     

凡纳滨对虾饲料中菜籽粕替代鱼粉适宜比例的研究

以饲料中添加36％鱼粉作为对照组,用菜籽粕分别替代饲料配方中10％～50％的鱼粉,配成5种等氮等能试验饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾,研究不同替代比例对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和虾体氨基酸组成的影响.试验结果表明,饲养56d后,随着菜籽粕替代鱼粉比例的增加,对虾的质量增加率下降,但仅50％替代比例试验组的质量增加率为1542.74％,...     

Optimum dietary soybean meal level for maximizing growth and nutrient utilization of on-growing gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Six isonitrogenous [450 g kg⁻¹ crude protein (CP)] and isoenergetic diets (23 kJ g⁻¹) with six levels of defatted soybean meal inclusion (0, 132, 263, 395, 526 and 658 g kg⁻¹) in substitution of fish meal were evaluated in gilthead sea bream of 242 g initial weight for 134 days. Fish fed diets S0, S13, S26 and S39 had a similar live weight (422, 422, 438 and 422 g, respectively) but fish fed diets S53 and S66 obtained the lowest final weight (385 and 333g, respectively), and similar results were presented in specific growth rate (SGR). Fish fed diets S53 and S66 also obtained the highest feed conversion ratio (FCR). Quadratic multiple regression equations were developed for SGR and FCR which were closely related to dietary soybean level. The optimum dietary soybean levels were 205 g kg⁻¹ for maximum SGR and 10 g kg⁻¹ for minimum FCR. Sensorial differences were appreciated by judges between fish fed S0 and S39 soybean level, but after a re-feeding period of 28 days with diet S0, these differences disappeared.     

日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响

本实验探讨以猪肉粉为动物蛋白源的草鱼日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油以补充鱼类所需的部分生长因子,对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响,以期达到节约鱼粉的目的。在实用配方模式下,设计6种等氮等能饲料,分别是添加6%猪肉粉(6P)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉(3P3SW)、6%鱼溶浆粉(6SW)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(3P3SW2O)、6%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(6SW2O)和6%鱼粉(6F,对照)。在池塘网箱中饲喂(80.0±2.0)g的草鱼72 d。结果表明,6P和6F在SGR、FCR、PRR、ERR和HSI方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加鱼溶浆粉后,3P3SW、6SW与6F相比,SGR提高了9.1%～9.6%,FCR下降了8.5%～11.2%,差异显著(P<0.05),但3P3SW和6SW无显著差异(P>0.05),同时,在PRR、FRR和ERR方面,3P3SW、6SW均有一定程度提高。添加鱼油后,3P3SW2O、6SW2O和3P3SW、6SW比,SGR分别下降了9.7%、15.4%,FCR分别上升了6.9%、31.1%,除3P3SW2O和3P3SW的FCR之外,其余差异显著(P<0.05);在PRR和ERR方面,3P3SW2O、6SW2O均有一定程度下降;同时,3P3SW2O、6SW2O的FRR和肝脏粗脂肪含量都出现不同程度增高,HSI增大,血清TBA、CHOL、HDL和LDL与肝脏粗脂肪呈现出相同趋势,且上述指标均是6SW2O组最高,与其余各组均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。此外,在对饲料中游离氨基酸和生物胺与FCR和SGR的相关性分析中,发现游离Lys、Tau和Put与FCR和SGR的Pearsion相关系数都大于0.8,且符合二次函数关系。因此,鱼溶浆粉对草鱼的促生长作用优于鱼粉,在无鱼粉日粮中添加少量的鱼溶浆粉能满足草鱼需求,节约鱼粉用量,这种促生长作用与饲料中游离Lys、Tau和Put的关系密切;由于鱼油促使脂肪在体内和肝脏沉积,加重肝脏脂质代谢负担,加上其易氧化变质特性,限制了它在水产饲料中的使用。     

Evaluation of Corn Gluten Feed and Cottonseed Meal as Partial Replacements for Soybean Meal and Corn in Diets for Pond‐raised Hybrid Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus×I. furcatus

This study examined the use of corn gluten feed (CGF) and cottonseed meal (CSM) to partially replace soybean meal and corn in diets for pond‐raised hybrid catfish, Ictalurus punctatus×I. furcatus. Five 28% protein diets containing various combinations of CGF and CSM were evaluated. Fingerling hybrid catfish (mean initial weight: 45 g/fish) were stocked into 25, 0.04‐ha ponds at a rate of 14,826 fish/ha. Fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for a 179‐d growing season. CGF at 30% of the diet (10% CSM) and a combination of CGF and CSM up to 25% each did not affect physical quality (percentages floatability and feed dust) of the diet. No significant differences were observed in total amount of diet fed, net yield, diet consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival, and fillet proximate nutrient composition among fish fed various diets. Results show that hybrid catfish can utilize CGF at levels up to 30% of the diet (10% CSM), and a combination of CGF and CSM up to 25% each without significantly affecting growth, diet consumption, FCR, and fillet proximate nutrient composition. However, a combination of CGF and CSM at 20% each and above reduced carcass yield.     

Partial substitution of fish meal with soybean and cottonseed meals in diets for African bonytongue,Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) fingerlings: effects on growth,feed efficiency and body composition

A feeding trial was conducted to examine the suitability of soybean meal (SBM) and cottonseed meal (CSM) as a partial substitute for the dietary protein supplied by fish meal for H. niloticus fingerlings. Fish were fed with four isonitrogenous (350 g kg^?1 crude protein) and isoenergetic (18.8 kJ g^?1 GE) diets in which fish meal protein was gradually replaced by plant protein from a mixture of SBM and CSM (0%, 25%, 50% and 75% in diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively). Triplicate groups of fingerlings H. niloticus (mean weight of 5 g) were handfed twice daily to apparent satiation for 60 days inside net hapas. Growth performances (SGR varied from 3.09% to 3.16% day^?1) of fingerlings fed diets containing 0%, 25% and 50% plant protein were not significantly different (P>0.05). At 75% fish meal substitution, growth and feed utilization efficiency indicators were significantly reduced (P<0.05). The carcass composition were also significantly (P<0.05) affected by the replacement level of fish meal, except dry matter and ash. Results suggest that the dietary fish meal protein could efficiently be substituted by a mixture of soybean and cottonseed meals up to 50%, without adverse effects on maximal growth in practical diets for H. niloticus fingerlings.     

豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙生长、体组成、消化酶活力及肝脏生化指标的影响

为减少牛蛙饲料鱼粉使用量以降低养殖成本,研究了豆粕替代饲料中不同比例的鱼粉对牛蛙的生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活力和肝脏生化指标的影响。用豆粕分别替代0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的鱼粉配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料,每组饲料设3重复,养殖牛蛙60 d。结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对牛蛙摄食率、成活率、肝体指数、脏体指数、蛙体水分和灰分含量、蛙腿肌肉组成以及肝脏丙二醛含量的影响不显著;豆粕100%替代鱼粉显著降低牛蛙增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、蛋白质累积率;随豆粕替代鱼粉比例的提高,牛蛙的肥满度和后腿指数呈下降趋势,替代100%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙肥满度,替代60%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙后腿指数;替代80%鱼粉显著降低牛蛙全体粗蛋白的含量;牛蛙全体粗脂肪含量随替代鱼粉比例的提高呈上升的趋势,替代100%鱼粉组粗脂肪含量最高;随着替代比例的提高,牛蛙肠道蛋白酶的活力显著降低,而肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著提高。豆粕替代鱼粉显著影响肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力,其中超氧化物歧化酶活力最低值出现在替代80%鱼粉组,过氧化氢酶活力最低值出现在替代100%鱼粉组。基于以上实验结果,建议牛蛙饲料中豆粕可替代鱼粉的比例为60%~80%。