人工湿地及其在水产养殖废水处理中的应用

近年来我国水产养殖业迅速发展,同时水体污染、富营养化日益严重,这严重制约了水产养殖业的发展。如何简便有效地处理养殖废水成为水产养殖业健康持续发展的关键。人工湿地作为一种经济、高效的废水生态处理技术,日益受到人们广泛的关注。本文主要介绍了人工湿地的构建、分类、废水处理机理及其在养殖废水处理中的应用。     

人工湿地在水产养殖废水处理中的应用前景

人工湿地具有一定的污水处理能力，对N.P有机物悬浮物等的去除有良好的效果，本文介绍了人工湿地的去污机理以及国内外利用人工湿地污水处理系统 净化工农业废水的研究，并展望了人工湿地在水产养殖废水处理中的应用前景。     

人工湿地在水产养殖废水处理中的应用前景

人工湿地具有一定的污水处理能力，对Ｎ、Ｐ、有机物、悬浮物等的去除有良好的效果。本文介绍了人工湿地的去污机理以及国内外利用人工湿地污水处理系统净化工农业废水的研究，并展望了人工湿地在水产养殖废水处理中的应用前景。     

人工湿地及其在水产养殖废水处理中的研究与应用

人工湿地作为一种新型污水处理技术,它良好的水体净化能力正逐渐引起人们的重视。综合性介绍了人工湿地的概念、构建、分类、废水处理机制及其在水产养殖废水处理中的应用。     

循环水养殖系统固体废弃物厌氧消化处理技术与分析

循环水水产养殖系统中产生的残饵、粪便等固体废弃物的处理是实现水产养殖污染零排放的核心技术之一。随着环境法规的完善,政府将逐步要求养殖单位在养殖系统内部对固体废弃物进行处理,已报道的处理方法有堆肥、掩埋等。概述了循环水养殖系统中固体废弃物处理的研究进展,重点介绍循环水养殖系统固体废弃物厌氧消化处理技术的现状及存在的问题,并讨论应用人工湿地法、生物絮凝技术处理水产养殖固体颗粒物的研究状况。     

水产养殖废水的生物处理技术及其应用*

综述了各种生物处理技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用概况,并指出生态型水产养殖系统是今后的主要发展方向。     

水产养殖废水处理技术的研究进展及发展趋势

综述了各种处理技术在水产养殖废水处理中的应用概况,并指出综合生态型水产养殖系统是今后的主要发展趋势.     

人工湿地对水产养殖废水中氮磷的去除效能分析

通过分析人工湿地建造的具体用途,以及在处理废水时的特点,探究如何对水产养殖废水中的氮元素及磷元素进行处理。     

人工湿地调控水质技术研究

为了解潜流式人工湿地对养殖排放水的净化效果,将潜流式人工湿地与池塘相连构成人工湿地水产养殖系统,对湿地滤池出水口及池塘水体的各项水质指标进行检测和对比分析,结果表明:人工湿地系统对养殖排放水具有较强的净化处理能力,BOD50、高锰酸盐指数分别降低30%和34%,氨氮、亚硝酸盐的去除率分别达到77%、76%以上.其中,池水中的非离子氨含量大大低于上海市地方标准<水产品池塘养殖技术规范>所规定的0.02mg/L.     

循环水养殖技术示范工程的水质效果

<正>2008年宜兴市水产指导站承担了"宜兴市池塘循环水养殖技术示范工程"项目。实施规模1000亩,其中生态养殖区和湿地净化区各500亩,重点创建复合人工湿地与池塘生态养殖的新型水循环系统,示范区养殖水处理主要通过二个子系统即人工湿地子系统和池塘生态养     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

不同年龄细鳞鱼的繁育效果

研究了不同年龄组(3～8龄)细鳞鱼(Bachymystax lenok Pallas)亲鱼的繁育效果,分析其繁育主要技术,包括亲鱼培育、繁育技术、受精卵孵化、鱼苗培育等,结果发现,5～6龄和7～8龄细鳞鱼产卵量没有明显差异,产卵量、孵化率、出苗率均较高,繁殖效果明显好于3～4龄亲鱼。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

鱼类热忍耐温度研究进展

The paper is a review of the studies on the temperature of the thermal tolerance in fishes. It was described from four aspect: (1) The key parameters of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (2) The influence factors of temperature of thermal tolerance in fishes; (3) The research methods of thermal effect of fishes; (4) The evaluation of effects of thermal pollution on fishes, especially, with the coastal power station will be‘built in China recent years, the effects of thermal discharge water on the marine fisheries resource wered iscussed.