半滑舌鳎亲鱼培育及采卵技术研究

2003～2005年通过对半滑舌鳎亲鱼的优选和强化培育,在人工温光调控条件下,获得了良好的产卵效果。本文对半滑舌鳎亲鱼室内培育方法、性腺发育规律、产卵习性、产卵规律及产卵期产卵量、受精率、孵化率、卵子质量等的变化作了较为详细的叙述。结果表明,半滑舌鳎野生亲鱼经人工驯化、强化培育和调控温度、光照等技术,可使亲鱼自然产卵,并有规律的连续产卵,产卵期长达40～50d;产卵量在整个产卵期间呈抛物线式变化;受精率和孵化率随产卵期的推移逐渐增高,以产卵盛期时最高,说明此时卵子质量最好。在本实验条件下,培育到3龄的人工亲鱼又可成熟自然产卵,但产卵效果明显不如野生亲鱼。     

台鳅在东北地区的繁育试验

本试验在东北地区(吉林省梨树县)繁育台鳅,利用规格100 g左右的亲鱼50尾(雌鱼16尾,雄鱼34尾),雌雄比1∶2,16尾亲鱼采卵128 560粒,平均每尾产卵量8 035粒,产卵率100%;获得受精卵102 848粒,平均受精率为80%;孵化出水花86 392尾,孵化率84%;培育15 d获得规格在2～3 cm夏花苗种51 835尾,培育成活率60%。     

宁夏地区斑点叉尾鮰工厂化繁育试验研究

为了探索斑点叉尾鮰在宁夏地区人工繁育技术的适宜条件,针对宁夏地区斑点叉尾鮰人工繁殖及苗种培育技术需求,分别开展了不同催产素配组及亲鱼人工配组的方法对斑点叉尾鮰催产率的影响、不同孵化温度对受精卵孵化率的影响及斑点叉尾鮰当年苗种培育试验。结果显示:水温23. 5℃条件下,使用催产药物可以使斑点叉尾鮰亲鱼在相对集中的时间段内产卵,且使用组合药物的催产率优于单纯使用一种药物的催产率,但是催产效果不明显。人工辅助配组产卵与池塘自然产卵相比,人工辅助配组产卵可以提高亲鱼的产卵率;斑点叉尾鮰受精卵最适人工孵化温度为24℃～26℃;适宜产卵温度为23℃～27℃。鱼种培育试验表明:斑点叉尾鮰在宁夏地区一龄鱼种生长比较快,从乌仔到一龄鱼种培育阶段建议放养密度在37. 5万尾/hm~2～45万尾/hm~2为宜。     

牙鲆苗种繁育技术

牙鲆(Paralichthysolivaceus)人工繁育技术的研究和开发,日本早在2 0世纪60年代就已经开始,我国1 992年之后牙鲆人工养殖业迅猛发展。但近年来出现了卵的受精率低、苗种成活率低、白化与黑化比例提高、养成过程死亡率高、优良性状退化等现象。为改变上述现状,必须从亲鱼培育着手,并严格执行健康苗种技术操作规程,从而取得较好的成效,现将具体技术介绍如下:1　材料1 .1　培育设施　亲鱼培育池30～75m3,深1～1 .5m ,水深0 .8～1m ;水泥池30～45m3/个,可作为亲鱼产卵池、孵化池、仔鱼培育池;饵料生物培养池1 2～1 8m3;沉淀池5 0 0m3;一级、二…     

细鳞鱼全人工繁育技术的研究

从乌苏里江、牡丹江中采捕野生细鳞鱼（Brachymystax lenok）亲鱼,暂养后催产获得的鱼苗饲养在黑龙江水产研究所渤海冷水性鱼类试验站,观察和测定了水温2～18℃下人工养殖的细鳞鱼的生长和发育,自2003～2010年连续进行了人工繁殖和苗种培育。结果表明,在流水池塘养殖条件下,投喂人工配合颗粒饲料,可使细鳞鱼正常生长和性腺发育成熟,人工催产方式可以批量获得鱼苗,且生长速度、产卵量、发眼率与野生细鳞鱼无显著差异。     

池养细鳞鱼亲鱼培育技术研究

<正> 细鳞鱼,是我国低温水域所栖息的一种较大型鲑科鱼类河流定居种。近年来,资源濒临绝迹,在华北已由原来的连续点状分布变为现在的孤立点状分布状态。为保护及开发这一珍贵资源,国内一些单位对细鳞鱼的繁殖进行了研究。黄浩明(1988)曾报导在封闭式的湖泊、水库中栖居及繁殖并获得发眼卵。白桂芝等(1999)报导利用水泥池试养野生细鳞鱼试验,但利用水泥池培育亲鱼进行繁殖至今未曾见过报道。本课题是在细鳞鱼移植驯养的基础上进行亲鱼培育达到成熟产卵的。现将研     

吴更雨副厅长到围场指导细鳞鱼繁育工作

<正>6月9日-10日,河北省农业厅副厅长吴更雨率闫建民副局长以及水产养殖处、省海洋与水产科学研究院有关同志到承德市围场县调研并督查指导细鳞鱼繁育工作。承德市农牧局及围场满族蒙古族自治县农牧局相关领导协助调研督查工作。调研督查组一行首先赶赴坝上全省唯一珍稀濒危水生生物细鳞鱼供苗单位——细鳞鱼繁育场,现场查看了细鳞鱼亲鱼采卵授精过程,勘查了亲鱼培育池、苗种培育池、     

考氏鳍竺鲷(Pterapogon kauderni)繁殖技术

为减少野生考氏鳍竺鲷(Pterapogon kauderni)做为海水观赏鱼的捕捞量,保护海洋野生动物种质资源,增加考氏鳍竺鲷市场供应量,使用野生考氏鳍竺鲷作为亲鱼,进行了考氏鳍竺鲷繁育技术研究,主要技术包括野生成鱼选择及驯养、成鱼配对、亲鱼促熟、产卵及护卵管理、受精卵孵化及苗种培育。     

绿鳍马面鲀规模化人工繁育技术

为满足工厂化养殖绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)对苗种的需求,利用体质量250 g以上人工养殖的绿鳍马面鲀作为亲本进行了规模化人工繁育试验。结果显示:采用沙蚕和牡蛎对亲鱼进行营养强化培育,培育水温20～22℃,经过20 d左右,亲鱼能自然产卵;将收集的受精卵均匀泼洒到育苗池中孵化,采用轮虫-丰年虫无节幼体-配合饲料的饵料系列,育苗成活率约为10%。试验结果表明:亲鱼培育前期投喂沙蚕,开始产卵后改投牡蛎,培育效果较好;要提高苗种成活率,繁育时饵料应选用高品质的丰年虫卵或及时换用鲜活桡足类。     

广东池塘培育四指马鲅亲鱼初次性成熟和苗种规模化繁育技术研究

于2015年6月~9月在广东珠海对人工孵化和培育的2龄四指马鲅(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)亲鱼的初次性成熟和产卵情况以及苗种规模化全人工繁育技术进行了系统的观察和研究。结果显示,实验期间培育亲鱼2 000余尾,成熟率93%以上。成熟亲鱼的体质量雌雄之间差异较大,雌鱼性腺指数(GSI)为1.03%~6.05%,雄鱼GSI为0.26%~1.76%。雌鱼产卵类型为一年产卵1次,分批成熟、分批产卵,初次性成熟的产卵期从2015年6月13日~9月30日。共计产卵75.0×106粒,受精率为72%~95%,胚胎发育在盐度27~28.8、温度29~31℃、p H 8.1~8.3条件下历时13 h 52 min,孵化率为58%~95%。仔鱼在室内培育,投喂小球藻和轮虫,5~7 d后转移到室外土池进行培育,7 d后投喂小球藻、轮虫、枝角类和桡足类幼体。第25天起投喂卤虫无节幼体,第30天起投喂粉状配合饲料并逐渐过渡到投喂人工颗粒饲料。从2015年7月23日开始至9月30日累计培育出子二代苗15.0×106尾,平均成活率为25.0%。综合亲鱼产卵和幼苗育成情况,认为该鱼全人工繁育的技术关键在于如何培育优质的亲鱼以及育苗过程中水质的控制和适口饵料选择及其适时更换。     

Estimation of variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum by survival analysis of experimental infection of salmonid fish

The variation of virulence of Renibacterium salmoninarum , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in salmonid fish, was studied by infecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with two isolates (strains 325 and 932) from diseased Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and one isolate (strain 4366) from an apparently healthy Atlantic salmon. Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), were injected with the strain 932 to estimate difference in fish species resistance. Fish were removed by random sampling for other study purposes, a study design possible with analysis of lifetime distributions incorporating both sampling-, death- and survival-times. At the end of the experiment, the rainbow trout infected with strains 325, 932 and 4366 had a survival probability of 33%, 51% and 72%, respectively. The coho salmon infected with strain 932 had a 26% survival probability. The strain differences were significant according to the log-rank test, and the risk ratio between the strains ranged from 1·8 to 5·4. The strain from the apparently healthy fish was least virulent. The survival of the fish species was different over time. Rainbow trout were more likely to die early in the time course, but high numbers of coho died later, resulting in an overall risk of mortality of 1·4 in favour of rainbow trout. Differences in virulence may reflect changed selective pressure on R. salmoninarum when introduced from feral stocks into the environment of fish farms.     

母猪胎衣不下的病因与防治要点

猪的胎盘属于弥散型胎盘,这种胎盘的结构特点和饲养管理的不当,常常导致母猪胎衣不下发生,给生猪的生产繁殖带来极大损失。本文针对母猪胎衣不下发生病因、综合防治进行详细阐述,旨在对预防和治疗胎衣不下能有所帮助。     

水硬度对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼发育的影响

采用不同硬度的水对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼进行饲养。6周龄幼鱼在硬度为7.94°dH±0.30°dH时饲养84d后,比在硬度为14.71°dH±0.23°dH水中的幼鱼个体大,生长速度快。表明较高硬度的水有利于七彩神仙鱼幼鱼的生长发育。     

虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄营养成分分析

本实验对虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄的营养成分进行分析,旨在探讨其幼体的营养需求量,为其幼体配合饲料研制提供参考数据。随机选取大约800个虎斑乌贼受精卵的卵黄,采用国家标准方法测定其水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物元素含量。结果表明:1)虎斑乌贼受精卵卵黄中粗蛋白质含量为76.33%(干重基础);总氨基酸(TAA)和必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为71.22%和32.38%(干重基础),EAA/TAA为45.46%,氨基酸中以谷氨酸(Glu)含量最高(9.97%),必需氨基酸中亮氨酸(Leu)含量最高(7.58%)。2)其粗脂肪含量12.71%(干重基础);共检出17种脂肪酸,包括8种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、5种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和4种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),SFA、MUFA和PUFA分别占脂肪酸总量的43.47%、7.54%和49.25%,其中以DHA含量最高,达32.80%,EPA含量为7.70%,DHA/EPA为4.26。3)检测出Na、K、Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Al和As 矿物元素,微量元素中富含Zn、Al和Fe,含量分别为 0.77、0.71和0.43 mg/kg(鲜重基础)。由此可见,卵黄具有高蛋白、低脂肪,富含n-3PUFA的特点;虎斑乌贼幼体饲料中蛋白质需求量参考值为76.33%;氨基酸需求量参考值,如赖氨酸(Lys)为5.49%,蛋氨酸(Met)为2.63%;脂肪的需求量参考值为12.71%,DHA为4.17%,EPA为0.98%;微量元素需求量参考值,如Zn为2.77 mg/kg,Cu为0.19 mg/kg(干重基础)。     

斑节对虾虾苗活力检测方法

该研究通过肉眼观察、镜检，进行干露、饥饿、盐度突降、福尔马林等抗性试验，并采用病毒检测等方法，以期建立评估斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）虾苗活力和质量标准。结果表明，斑节对虾健康虾苗具有趋光性、集群性，体表光洁，肌肉透亮，肠胃食物充盈等特性。测试虾苗干露时间以15min为宜，健康虾苗干露后能立即恢复活力，而病弱虾苗多出现死亡、昏迷现象；虾苗的成活率随饥饿时间的延长而降低，随福尔马林浓度升高和时间延长而降低，随盐度突降幅度增加而降低。健康虾苗能忍受100～200μL·L^-1福尔马林溶液30min，成活率近100％；在盐度20～30下虾苗的成活情况较好，而其在淡水中仅能存活1h。对虾苗进行病毒检测，可以避免养殖中因虾苗携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。     

金鳟、虹鳟苗种长途运输实例

鳟鱼发眼卵和旨种运输是养鳟生产的重要环节。发眼卵多在冬季和早春运输，苗种多在晚春和夏季运输。苗种运输大多以鱼篓充氧进行短距离汽车运输，长途运输冷水性鱼苗种的实例很少。本文总结了金鳟和虹鳟苗种长途运输方法，以期与养鳟业界共同交流提高。一、包装材料和方法内包装材料是苗种运输专用塑料袋，规格54×104cm，外包装是泡沫塑料箱，规格63.5×45.5×30．5cm，纸箱规格64×46×32．5cm。塑料袋采取双层式，内装苗种和水共12.5kg，其中苗种0.5-1．3kg，100－2000尾。起运前苗种停食1－2天。运鱼用水水温调至6℃，鱼、水入袋后袋内…     

Characterization of protease inhibitors of seminal plasma of cyprinids

Anti-proteinase activity was demonstrated in the seminal plasma of cyprinid fish species (bream, chub, ide, dace, asp, goldfish, roach, common carp) using electrophoretic techniques combined with a detection method based on inhibition of bovine trypsin. We found species-specific protease inhibitors in the seminal plasma of cyprinids. At least three bands of protease inhibitors with different migration rates could be identified by native PAGE. Higher variability was characterized for bands with slower migration rates. Visualization of inhibitors after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions allowed estimation of their molecular weights. Apparent molecular weights were within the range of 51–59 and 47–54 kDa for the bands with slower and moderate migration rates, respectively. The molecular weight of fast migration bands for roach and common carp were estimated to 23 and 30 kDa, respectively. Inhibitors of common carp seminal plasma differed in their affinity toward serine proteases. Three inhibitors in common carp seminal plasma could be visualized using cod and bovine trypsin, but only two inhibitors (of high molecular weight) were recognized with chymotrypsin. There were differences in anti-proteinase activity and seminal plasma protein concentration in relation to the origin of common carp seminal plasma (breeding lines) and time of milt collection (spawning vs. post-spawning season).     

牙鲆刺激隐核虫病的防治

2005年七、八月份,乐亭、滦南一带多家工厂化牙鲆养殖场发生刺激隐核虫病,此种病虫害发病急、传染快、死亡率高。发生过该病的养殖场牙鲆死亡率一般都在50％～80％之间,这种病害给牙鲆养殖业带来很大损失。     

海口市近海渔业资源衰退的原因分析与对策建议

在分析海口市海洋渔业资源和海洋捕捞现状的基础上，提出了近海渔业资源衰退的6项原因和加快保护和修复资源的10项措施和建议。     

Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India

Air-breathing fishes have evolved bimodal respiratory mechanisms for exploitation of water (through gills and highly vascularized skin) as well as atmospheric air (through aerial respiratory organs, ABO). Mucous cells in these respiratory organs of variously stressed fishes exhibit periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. The main types of damage in the gills include congestion of blood capillaries (BLCs), periodic lifting and sloughing of respiratory epithelia of the secondary lamellae causing haemorrhage, extensive fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia due to uncontrolled regeneration leading to asphyxiation, altered excretion, and death of the fish. Haemolysis has also been observed following lead exposure. The damage in the ABO of Heteropneustes fossilis includes sloughing of the epithelial cells, leading to haemorrhage causing decreased red blood corpuscles density and degeneration of the secondary gill lamellae with reduced respiratory area. Subsequent hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelia and fusion of gill lamellae increase the respiratory barrier distance. The BLCs often bulge out and protrude into the lumen, bringing blood nearer to air. The ladder-like pillar cell (PLC)-BLC components of the gill lamellae frequently collapse. Damage to the ABO of Channa striata is less severe. Often haemorrhaging due to bursting of extensively stretched BLCs causes aerial respiratory failure. Chloride cells of the ABOs also show hyperplasia. While the highly mucogenic epidermis of C. striata shows less damage, the epidermis of Clarias batrachus and H. fossilis shows severe wear and tear, sloughing, and haemorrhage. Side-by-side regeneration continues, causing altered histomorphology of the epidermis. The different gland cells also show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining. The dermis also shows severe damage with loosening of their connective tissue fibres. These fibres give stronger reactions for sulfated mucin that not only retain additional water molecules for continuance of skin breathing, but also bind the toxic ambient pollutants.