半刺厚唇鱼的人工繁殖试验

对从闽江中上游水域中捕获的半刺厚唇鱼(Acrossocheilius hemispinus)进行了人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖实验,并观察了亲鱼性腺发育情况。结果显示:野生半刺厚唇鱼在人工饲养条件下能够生长,性腺发育至成熟。在繁殖季节(5—6月),对培育的亲鱼通过人工催产和人工授精方法获得受精卵,雌鱼催产率为54.0%,受精率为83.3%。在25~28℃的水温条件下,受精卵经过62 h发育,仔鱼脱膜孵出。仔鱼经过55~65 d的培育成全长25~35 mm的鱼苗,鱼苗成活率为43.8%。     

小滦河流域细鳞鱼增殖保护现状与对策

1 细鳞鱼增殖保护现状 细鳞鱼,学名秦岭细鳞鲑,是国家二级重点保护水生野生动物.为做好细鳞鱼的保护工作,1995年承德市组织水产技术人员开始着手细鳞鱼驯化养殖技术研究.从1997年省市开始研发,2002年细鳞鱼人工繁育技术获得承德市科技进步一等奖.同年,在农业部和河北省水产局的大力支持下,在围场机械化林场建设了细鳞鱼繁育场,养殖细鳞鱼亲鱼500余尾,年可孵化培育5万多尾细鳞鱼苗种.此后,每年承德市和围场县渔政部门都要联合开展细鳞鱼人工增殖放流,特别是2006年,国家、省、市、县四级渔政部门一次性在坝上小滦河流域放流细鳞鱼苗种5万尾,开创了全国之最.     

太湖翘嘴红鲌胚胎发育及胚后发育观察

对从太湖收集的野生翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker)经人工繁殖获得子一代,并在池塘养殖条件下对其进行人工培育获得成熟亲鱼.于2005年6月,经人工催产、人工授精获得受精卵,对其胚胎及胚后发育全过程进行了系统观察.结果表明,池塘养殖条件下人工培育能获得成熟亲鱼,经人工催产所获得的翘嘴红鲌受精卵为圆球型,呈墨绿色、青灰色、黄色等3种颜色;平均卵径为0.9 mm(O.72～1.18 mm),吸水后平均卵径为1.2mm.翘嘴红鲌胚胎发育过程可分为19期,在水温23～25℃范围内,受精30 min后开始第1次卵裂,受精后9 h 20min开始形成器官,受精后约26 h仔鱼开始出膜,刚出膜的仔鱼全长为4.10-4.67 mm,胚胎发育总积温为619.82℃·h.翘嘴红鲌胚后发育过程可分为仔鱼和稚鱼2个阶段共15个发育期,在26～31℃水温下历时670 h,其中仔鱼阶段从鱼苗孵出到腹鳍形成期,稚鱼阶段从鳞片出现到鳞片形成期.对各发育时期外部形态特征进行了详细的描述.     

细鳞鱼网箱养殖技术试验

<正>通过在流水中设置网箱进行细鳞鱼养殖,同时在水泥池中设置对照组,在水源相同,饲料相同,管理方法相同的情况下,探讨鱼苗生长速度及病害发生情况,为细鳞鱼大面积网箱养殖提供基础数据。结果表明:在同等条件下,网箱养殖细鳞鱼生长速度比水泥池快65%。在水质、环境条件许可情况下,细鳞鱼可在网箱中进行大规模培育,水流量大小是影响细鳞鱼生长速度的主要因素。     

唇(鱼骨)人工繁殖和鱼苗培育初步研究

对唇(鱼骨)(Hemibarbus labeo)的亲鱼培育、人工繁殖、孵化和鱼苗培育等技术进行了初步研究.试验结果表明:唇(鱼骨)野生亲本在池塘条件下经人工驯养可达性成熟;在水温19.0～21.0 ℃时一次性注射LHR-A2、HCG和DOM混合催产剂,其效应时间18～21.5 h;2005～2006年采用人工催产、自然产卵及人工授精、流水孵化、豆浆法培育鱼苗等方法,共催产雌鱼44尾,平均催产率81.5%,共计产卵45.7万粒,平均受精率82.6%,孵化率77.4%,共孵出鱼苗24.5万尾.鱼苗经25～30 d豆浆法培育后可达3 cm以上,平均成活率为65.5%,共培育夏花15.1万尾.     

乌苏里江唇(鱼骨)的全人工繁育

从乌苏里江捕获野生唇(鱼骨)(Hemibarbus labo)亲鱼150余尾,经人工繁殖获得鱼苗,饲养于池塘中,研究其在人工养殖条件下的生长、繁殖和性腺发育等生物学特性.结果表明,野生亲鱼及其F1在池塘中饲养下,性腺可自然发育至成熟,繁殖季节(5-6月)雌、雄亲鱼会出现明显的副性征,注射催产激素HCG、LRH-A2和DOM的混合制剂,可促使成熟的雌性亲鱼产卵,水温22～26℃时,药物的效应时间在17～22 h,人工繁殖的催产率、受精率、孵化率和畸形率分别为87.55%、68.95%、92.5%和5.75%.唇(鱼骨)的卵为圆形、灰白色或淡绿色,遇水后产生较强的黏性,吸水膨胀卵径为(2.32±0.12)mm(n=50),体质量400～900 g的雌性亲鱼绝对怀卵量为(3.19±0.85)×104粒(n=15).水温22～24℃时,从卵授精到仔鱼孵出需要积温69.43℃·d,到仔鱼平游摄食需要积温139.25℃·d,刚出膜的仔鱼全长(6.1±0.3)mm,平游时全长达到(8.9±0.4)mm.在哈尔滨地区人工池塘养殖唇(鱼骨),1+龄鱼体质量为(17.20±2.46)g,2+龄鱼为(89.84±9.30)g,3+龄鱼为(234.94±25.94)g,4+龄鱼为(371.57±64.65)g;雄性3+、雌性4+有部分个体性腺成熟,5+龄时多数个体可发育至性成熟.唇(鱼骨)的全人工繁育成功,可初步解决苗种来源和池塘养殖问题,并为野生资源的增殖和人工规模化养殖奠定基础.     

翘嘴红鲌的夏花鱼种培育试验

为开发翘嘴红的人工养殖，从１９９８年开始，我们开展了将翘嘴红鱼种培育成亲鱼的试验；２０００年起进行该鱼的人工繁殖、夏花鱼种培育及冬片鱼种的人工饲料驯化培育等试验，均取得成功。并积累了一些数据和资料，现就有关该鱼的夏花鱼种培育试验情况总结如下：一、材料和方法１．鱼苗来源夏花鱼种培育试验的鱼苗，系将翘嘴红的野生鱼种在池塘培育３年，成为可催产的成熟亲鱼，经人工催产、受精、孵化而获得的鱼苗。２．培育池塘夏花鱼种培育试验的池塘有两种：一是普通的养鱼池塘，面积为３～３．７亩，水深１．２～１．５米；另一…     

昆明裂腹鱼人工繁殖技术研究

于2003年8月起进行野生昆明裂腹鱼(Schizothorax grahami)亲鱼培育研究,并2009年5月3日—9日进行了人工繁殖技术和鱼苗培育实验。结果显示:野生昆明裂腹鱼在人工驯化养殖条件下,能在池塘内正常生长发育。亲鱼初次性成熟年龄为4龄,雌鱼以5～6龄最佳。采用二次胸鳍基部注射,催产孵化水温为14～17℃,效应时间平均为46h,平均孵化时间为176 h,鱼苗经60 d培育(平均水温14～18℃)体长可达5.05 cm。     

国外养鱼新技术

喂高梁法美国在人工养鲤配合饲料中添加50—70%高粱,使产量增加27%。催产法日本用催产剂对泥鳅选行人工孵化后采用无泥养殖,养殖密度比泥中提高4一5倍。调温法苏联用调节器把水温逐渐升高后再慢慢下降,结果鱼苗生长速度加快.特别是水温每小时变化1~1.5℃.鱼苗生长速     

哲罗鱼全人工繁育的初步研究

从乌苏里江捕获体质量0.5~2 kg的野生哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)幼鱼,经人工培育至性腺成熟后催产获得鱼苗,分别饲养于北京房山鲟鱼基地(水温8~22℃)和黑龙江渤海冷水鱼实验站(水温3~18℃),观察和测定在人工养殖条件下哲罗鱼的生长和性腺发育,并进行全人工繁殖实验。结果表明,在流水池塘驯养条件下,投喂人工配合颗粒饵料可以保证哲罗鱼的生长能量需求,性腺能够发育成熟。北京房山基地的养殖池,生长适温期较长,5龄鱼体质量可达(5560±1353)g,体长(76.85±6.56)cm。黑龙江渤海站的养殖池,生长适温期较短,5龄鱼体质量可达(3626±1282)g,体长(67.32±6.13)cm。在黑龙江渤海站饲养的实验鱼,原始生殖细胞出现明显性别分化的时间在出苗后60 d左右,Ⅰ期卵巢的出现期在3~14个月,Ⅱ期卵巢出现期在15~34个月,Ⅲ期卵巢出现期在35~47个月,Ⅳ期卵巢出现期在48~59个月。所得鱼苗经5年多的人工池塘驯养,2006年分别在北京房山基地和黑龙江渤海站成功进行了哲罗鱼的全人工繁殖,为该鱼的规模化养殖提供了实验依据。     

齐口裂腹鱼的人工繁殖与苗种培育

流水培育齐口裂腹鱼,选择3龄以上雌雄亲鱼各60尾,使用绒毛膜促性腺激素、促黄体素释放激素A2和地欧酮3种药物混合对雌鱼进行注射催产,催产率为85%,受精率为79%,适宜催产的水温为9～16℃;在14～16℃的水温条件下,受精卵在202h内全部出膜,孵出仔鱼约61万尾,孵化率为80%。对孵出的61万尾仔鱼进行了逾90d的培养,共计出塘45万尾,成活率约为74%。试验结果表明,人工培育的齐口裂腹鱼亲鱼性腺能够发育成熟,经催产能成功繁殖。     

Induced breeding and larval rearing of the endangered Australian freshwater fish trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier) (Percichthyidae)

Abstract. The endangered Australian freshwater fish trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier), was the subject of a captive breeding programme to produce fry for reintroduction into the wild. Trout cod broodfish were maintained in earthen ponds for up to 5 years and underwent gonadal maturation each spring but did not spawn in the ponds. Infestations of the protozoan parasite Chilodonella hexasticha caused the death of at least 21 broodfish. Mature fish, removed from ponds when water temperatures had reached or exceeded 16°C, had a higher proportion of atretic oocytes and fewer fish spawned successfully compared to fish removed at lower temperatures. Ovulation was induced by a single injection of 1000–3000 iu/kg HCG. Between 1188 and 11338 eggs ranging from 2·5 to 3·6 mm in diameter were stripped from individual fish. Hatching commenced on days 5–9 and continued for up to 10 days (at 15·5–23°C). Larvae commenced feeding on days 21–25. Trout cod larvae were grown out to fry (363.3–48.6mm total length [TL]) in fertilized fry rearing ponds then released. Between 1986 and 1989, 8420 trout cod fry were released into several sites in the upper Murray River and upper Murrumbidgee River, and reports indicate that released fish are surviving.     

中华沙鳅人工繁殖技术初探

对从长江、金沙江和岷江水域中收集质量为25.0～100.0 g的中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)进行人工驯养、亲鱼培育和人工繁殖试验.结果显示:野生中华沙鳅能在人工饲养条件下生长和繁殖.注射人工催产药物鲤鱼脑垂体(PC)和促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A2)可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催...     

Relationships between water temperatures and upstream migration, cold water refuge use, and spawning of adult bull trout from the Lostine River, Oregon, USA

Howell PJ, Dunham JB, Sankovich PM. Relationships between water temperatures and upstream migration, cold water refuge use, and spawning of adult bull trout from the Lostine River, Oregon, USA.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 96–106. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA Abstract – Understanding thermal habitat use by migratory fish has been limited by difficulties in matching fish locations with water temperatures. To describe spatial and temporal patterns of thermal habitat use by migratory adult bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, that spawn in the Lostine River, Oregon, we employed a combination of archival temperature tags, radio tags, and thermographs. We also compared temperatures of the tagged fish to ambient water temperatures to determine if the fish were using thermal refuges. The timing and temperatures at which fish moved upstream from overwintering areas to spawning locations varied considerably among individuals. The annual maximum 7‐day average daily maximum (7DADM) temperatures of tagged fish were 16–18 °C and potentially as high as 21 °C. Maximum 7DADM ambient water temperatures within the range of tagged fish during summer were 18–25 °C. However, there was no evidence of the tagged fish using localized cold water refuges. Tagged fish appeared to spawn at 7DADM temperatures of 7–14 °C. Maximum 7DADM temperatures of tagged fish and ambient temperatures at the onset of the spawning period in late August were 11–18 °C. Water temperatures in most of the upper Lostine River used for spawning and rearing appear to be largely natural since there has been little development, whereas downstream reaches used by migratory bull trout are heavily diverted for irrigation. Although the population effects of these temperatures are unknown, summer temperatures and the higher temperatures observed for spawning fish appear to be at or above the upper range of suitability reported for the species.     

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...     

达氏鳇南移培育成熟及全人工繁殖

将由黑龙江引进的达氏鳇苗种在华中地区养殖并培育成亲鱼。早期苗种培育使用生物饵料,后期转投人工配合饲料。养殖方式采用不同规格的水泥池,流水和循环水养殖。2010年春季,经13年培育,达氏鳇平均体质量达73.25kg,平均全长219cm,经检查1组亲鱼性腺发育成熟至Ⅳ期末。经人工催产,采用活体取卵技术获卵20.4万粒,受精率为95%;人工孵化获水花1.75×105尾;产后亲鱼康复存活良好。全人工繁殖获得成功。     

Investigation of wild caught whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), for infection with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and experimental challenge of whitefish with VHSV

Abstract One hundred and forty-eight wild whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), were caught by electrofishing and sampled for virological examination in December 1999 and 2000, during migration from the brackish water feeding grounds to the freshwater spawning grounds, where the whitefish may come into contact with farmed rainbow trout. All samples were examined on cell cultures. No viruses were isolated. Three viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) isolates of different origin were tested in infection trials by immersion and intraperitoneal (IP) injection, using 1.5 g farmed whitefish: an isolate from wild caught marine fish, a farmed rainbow trout isolate with a suspected marine origin and a classical freshwater isolate. The isolates were highly pathogenic by IP injection where 99-100% of the whitefish died. Using an immersion challenge the rainbow trout isolates were moderately pathogenic with approximately 20% mortality, whereas the marine isolate was virtually non-pathogenic. At the end of the experiment it was possible to isolate VHSV from survivors infected with the marine and suspected marine isolates. Because of the low infection rate in wild whitefish in Denmark, the role of whitefish in the spread of VHSV in Denmark is probably not significant. The experimental studies, however, showed that whitefish are potential carriers of VHSV as they suffer only low mortality after infection but continue to carry virus.     

Timing of spawning in cultured and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the River Vosso, Norway

Spawning time and size of wild and nonnative cultured female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were studied in the River Vosso, Norway. Cultured immigrants were smaller, and peak spawning occurred 21 and 26 days earlier relative to wild salmon in 1991 and 1992, respectively. It was calculated that hatching and initial feeding of offspring of cultured females peaked 12 and 9 days earlier in spring 1992 and 19 and 8 days earlier in spring 1993 relative to offspring of wild females. Spawning time of the cultured salmon is similar to most Norwegian salmon populations and to cultured fish in other streams. In the River Vosso it also overlaps with that of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), which may increase hybridization. The early time of breeding in nonnative fish indicates local adaptation in this trait in wild salmon. The consequences of early breeding of cultured fish are unpredictable in relation to spring temperatures but probably reduce their relative breeding success. The smaller size may also reduce the success of cultured females.     

Induced maturation and spawning of domestic and wild striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), broodstock with implanted GnRH analogue and injected hCG

Abstract. A domestic striped bass. Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), broodstock was established by rearing fish to sexual maturity in ponds. A method was developed to reproduce the domestic females, and also wild females too immature to be successfully induced to spawn with injected human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The fish were implanted with pellets containing 100–150μg of a synthetic analogue of mammalian gonadotropin reieasing-hormone, [D-Ala⁶- Pro⁹-NEt]-LHRH (mGnRHa), in a matrix of cholesterol (CH) and cellulose. They were implanted with one fast hormone-release (80% CH) pellet and one slow hormone-release (95% CH) pellet and allowed to mature for 1–3 days, until they entered the process of final oocyte maturation and were induced to ovulate or spawn with an hCG injection. The secondary hCG injection was found to be necessary to speed the maturation of the wild fish; they otherwise would succumb to the stresses of capture, handling and confinement before they could be spawned. The total mGnRHa dosages used ranged from 33 to 111μg mGnRHa/kg body weight, and the hCG doses were either 165 or 330 IU hCG/kg body weight. Using the combined mGnRHa implant-hCG injection technique, fry production rates were comparable to those obtained using fully mature wild females taken directly from their spawning grounds.     

Hormone-induced ovulation and spawning of captive and wild broodfish of the catadromous Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Steindachner), (Percichthyidae)

Australian bass, Macquaria novemacideata (Steindachner),mature but do not spawn in fresh or brackish water ponds. Ovulation and spawning of captive (n = 158)and wild Australian bass (n = 123) was induced in the normal breeding season by single injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Doses of 100-4000IU kg-“ hCG induced ovulation and the optimum dosage was 500 IU kg” hCG. The breeding season was from mid-May to late August for wild fish,and extended into September for captive fish. There was a tendency for mean fertilization and hatching success to decline over the breeding season. Greater fertilization and hatching success was obtained from fish which spawned naturally than from stripped fish. Fish spawned after 34,2 ± 0.4 h (mean ± SE, n = 74). Ovulating fish that failed to spawn were stripped after 40.2 ± 0.3 h (n = 76). The timing of stripping and fertilization was an important factor determining hatching success. There was no apparent difference in latency periods or the number of eggs spawned between captive and wild fish. However, the mean number of eggs obtained from naturally spawned fish was higher than for stripped fish. The techniques described in this paper will assist the largescale production of Australian bass by increasing the quality and quantity of larvae from hCG-induced spawnings.