切花菊‘白扇’开放式组培快繁体系的建立

以切花菊‘白扇’的带腋芽茎段为外植体,以次氯酸钠为表面消毒剂,确定最佳的消毒浓度及消毒时间;以山梨酸钾、次氯酸钠和代森锰锌为抑菌剂,确定开放式初代、继代和生根培养基中抑菌剂的最佳组合,建立开放式组培快繁体系。试验结果表明：外植体最佳消毒条件为0.1%（V/V）次氯酸钠消毒15 min;在初代培养基中,抑菌剂最佳组合为50 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,该组合的污染率较低,为36.7%。开放式培养中芽的生长情况、诱导率均无显著差异;在继代增殖和生根培养阶段,抑菌剂的最佳组合为40 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,芽的增殖系数和生根率较高,分别为5.93%、80.0%,芽生长良好,与常规组培无明显差异。     

次氯酸钠在甘蔗开放式组培苗繁殖中的应用研究

以常规组培方式获得的新台糖22号无菌继代苗为材料,将不同浓度的次氯酸钠溶液加入到培养基中,研究次氯酸钠在甘蔗开放式组织培养的有效浓度,以及增殖培养、生根培养的最佳浓度。结果表明,次氯酸钠浓度在800mg/L以上可有效抑制培养基的污染,组培苗的增殖系数以900~1000mg/L较好,生根效果以1000~1100mg/L为佳。结论 :在甘蔗开放式培养中,次氯酸钠的浓度以1000mg/L为宜。     

温度和光照对香蕉组培苗生长和增殖的影响

以“巴西”香蕉为材料,在人工气候箱条件下,研究不同温度（16,19,22,25,28,31,34 ℃）及不同光照（1 000,1 500,3 000,5 000,8 000 lx）对香蕉组培苗增殖和生根的影响。结果表明,温度对香蕉分化芽的增殖和生根均有极显著影响;光照主要影响分化芽和生根苗的长势,而对香蕉分化芽的增殖和生根没有显著影响;温度与光照的互作对香蕉分化芽的增殖没有显著影响,而对分化芽的长势和生根均有显著的影响。31 ℃时香 蕉分化芽的倍增率和生根率均达到最大,分别为 3.07 和 0.98。增殖培养阶段香蕉分化芽的叶绿素含量低于生根培养阶段。当温度在 25～31 ℃之间、光照在 1 000～3 000 lx 之间时,叶绿素含量均相对较高。高、低温及强光照下叶绿素含量均相对较低。     

蝴蝶兰‘红天鹅’组织培养及快繁技术

[目的]探索‘红天鹅’花梗的不定芽诱导、丛生芽继代增殖和生根诱导技术。[方法]以蝴蝶兰新品种‘红天鹅’的花梗作为外植体,开展组织培养技术研究。[结果]用0.1%的HgCl2消毒外植体20 min,污染率可降低至27.2%,萌芽率达91.0%;不定芽继代增殖培养的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 6.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+AD 5.0 mg/L+香蕉50 g/L+土豆50g/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7.5 g/L,增殖系数达3.80;最适合的生根诱导培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.4 mg/L+香蕉50 g/L+土豆50g/L+C 1.0 g/L+蔗糖15 g/L+卡拉胶7.0 g/L,生根时间为15 d,生根率达100%。[结论]发现了适宜‘红天鹅’的从消毒到增殖,再到生根中各试剂和激素的合理用量,为蝴蝶兰快繁技术发展提供了参考。     

野生黄精离体快繁技术体系的优化

以野生黄精不定芽为材料,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的植物生长调节剂6-BA、2,4-D、NAA、KT进行3因素4水平的正交设计试验,筛选黄精增殖的最佳培养条件;探讨不同培养温度对黄精组培苗继代增殖的影响;以1/2 MS为基本培养基,探讨不同生长素及其浓度和不同培养容器对组培苗生根的影响。结果表明,黄精组培苗最佳继代增殖培养基为MS + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.4 mg/L NAA,最佳培养温度为22 ℃,平均繁殖系数达6.88;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 0.2 mg/L IBA,平均生根率达96.2%;接种袋是黄精工厂化育苗的首选生根培养容器。     

六棱景天组织培养与快速繁殖研究

以六棱景天的盆栽苗为材料,建立无菌体系,比较不同激素组合、基本培养基、光质光强、琼脂浓度等条件对芽苗增殖、生根的影响及不同移栽基质对移栽成活率的影响。结果表明:MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA1.0 mg/L培养基可诱导六棱景天茎段腋芽萌动,并形成丛生芽;增殖的最佳激素配比为NAA 0.1 mg/L+6-BA2.0 mg/L;以MS为基本培养,附加0.8%的琼脂可减少组培苗的白化和玻璃化现象,获得健壮丛生芽;光质对芽苗的增殖生长有较大影响,红光、蓝光和白光均促进芽苗的增殖和生长,其中以红光的效果最为显著,绿光最差;最佳生根培养基为1/4 MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L+IBA 0.01 mg/L,光强为1 000 lx时最利于六棱景天的生根壮苗,移栽成活率以1/2蛭石+1/2泥炭的基质为最高,达84.39%。     

莫氏兰的组织培养与快速繁殖

以腋芽为外植体,建立莫氏兰的组织培养和再生体系。结果表明：腋芽采用0.1%升汞消毒2次的效果最好;6-BA 4.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.4 mg/L的激素配比适合原球茎诱导;原球茎增殖培养基的最佳6-BA、NAA浓度分别是1.0、0.1 mg/L;不定芽诱导培养基的最适6-BA、NAA浓度分别是0.5、0.05 mg/L;在生根培养基VW(含NAA 0.5 mg/L,香蕉40 g/L,土豆30 g/L,糖20 g/L,卡拉胶8.0 g/L,活性炭1.5 g/L)上幼苗生根率达到100%;移栽成活率达95%。     

灵发素（LFS）在甘蔗组培中的应用

探讨LFS在甘蔗组培快繁中的作用与使用前景。以新台糖22号茎尖或其组培继代苗为试验材料,以MS为基本培养基,分别添加不同浓度的LFS,并以6-BA为诱导丛生芽及增殖对照,NAA为诱导生根对照,然后按常规方法进行诱导茎尖分化丛生芽及其增殖和生根等培养。结果显示:①LFS比6-BA显著减轻茎尖褐化,提高茎尖成活率,促进其分化丛生芽和增殖,并提高苗的质量。诱导茎尖分化丛生芽培养基中LFS的适宜浓度为2.5～3.0 mg/L;继代增殖的适宜浓度为3.0～5.0 mg/L,培养3代后,增殖倍数8.76倍,略高于CK的8.53倍,且苗长势旺,黄叶少;②LFS可诱导不定根的发生,适宜浓度在2.0～4.0 mg/L,发根率≥90%。表明LFS在甘蔗组培效果优于传统使用的6-BA,具有良好的应用前景。     

云蔗03-194甘蔗组培快繁技术

以甘蔗新品种云蔗03-194的幼嫩叶片作为外植体,采用不同2,4-D浓度对幼嫩叶片的切片进行愈伤诱导,以不同6-BA和KT激素配比对甘蔗愈伤进行分化诱导和增殖培养,以不同NAA浓度及香蕉汁添加量诱导甘蔗组培苗生根。结果表明:适宜甘蔗幼嫩叶片愈伤诱导的培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.5mg/L,诱导分化培养以MS+6-BA1mg/L+KT 0.5 mg/L为宜,增殖培养以6-BA 2.0 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L为宜,适宜的生根培养基为MS+NAA 1.5mg/L+30mL香蕉汁。以河沙:红壤土(2∶1)为假植基质,假植成活率达92%～96%,植株生长健壮,长势良好。     

外植体和培养因子对剑麻不定芽诱导及植株再生的影响

以剑麻H.11648为材料,研究不同外植体、培养基和激素对不定芽诱导及生根的影响。试验结果表明,以珠芽苗茎尖为最佳快繁材料,最佳消毒时间25 min,最适合的基本培养基为SH;最佳分化培养基为SH＋NAA 0.05 mg/L＋6-BA 4 mg/L,芽的分化率达到85%,同时可做增殖培养基,增殖平均倍数为18。分化芽在MS和SH两种培养基中添加NAA 0.1 mg/L＋6-BA 0.1 mg/L中均可生根,生根率为95%。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.