龙眼2个品种花部特征比较研究

研究龙眼石硖和储良2个品种的花部形态、开花生物学特性、花粉形态特征及萌发率、花粉量、P/O值、柱头可授性及其黏液分泌情况。结果显示，二者花部特征相似，储良花期较石硖长；二者的花粉形态相似，储良的花粉较石硖稍大，萌发率较石硖高；P/O值说明龙眼为专性异交植物；石硖和储良花粉活力和柱头可授性是同步变化的，尤其在盛花期花粉活力趋于最大，柱头分泌黏液与柱头可授性变化也一致，都在柱头展开成水平，开花约48 h达到最大。     

‘石硖’龙眼果皮发育过程中糖代谢及相关酶活性变化

为探索龙眼果皮发育过程中糖分积累以及相关酶活性的变化规律,以‘石硖’龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.cv‘shixia’)为试材,对花后45 d到果实成熟期间果皮质量、厚度,果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量,以及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性水平进行测定。结果表明,果实发育后期,果皮质量增加的速度变缓,果皮厚度则表现为由厚到薄的变化模型。糖分水平显示,果实发育过程中果皮可溶性糖主要包括果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,同期果糖含量远远高于葡萄糖,蔗糖含量较低。蔗糖代谢酶活性表明,龙眼果皮中NI和SS(分解方向)活性较高,为调控‘石硖’龙眼果皮糖代谢的主要酶类,SPS、SS(合成方向)活性则较低,为果糖和葡萄糖生成发挥非常重要的作用。     

采后枇杷果皮细胞壁代谢和果实超微结构与贮藏性的关系

研究‘早钟6号’枇杷果实裸藏和聚乙烯薄膜袋藏下果皮的细胞壁代谢。结果表明:裸藏与袋藏的‘早钟6号’枇杷果实采后8℃下贮藏期间,果实失重率不断增大,果皮细胞膜相对渗透率、果胶酯酶(PE)和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性逐渐升高;果皮细胞膜相对渗透率与PE、PG活性呈显著正相关效应(p0.01);但袋藏可极显著(p0.01)地减少果实失重率,延缓果皮的细胞膜相对渗透率、PE和PG活性升高,说明薄膜包装贮藏能抑制果实失水、降低细胞壁降解酶(PE、PG)活性和维持果皮细胞膜的完整性。进一步通过扫描电镜观察比较了不同贮藏性的5个枇杷品种果实的超微结构,结果表明:枇杷果皮多皮孔,果顶与果蒂部位绒毛少且稀疏,果肉肉质细、具有大的细胞间隙和胞间腔,这些超微结构易引起采后枇杷果实失水和病原微生物侵染,从而导致果实贮藏性和抗病性下降。     

模拟低温对龙眼果实发育及其果皮H_2O_2代谢的影响

以3年生‘储良’龙眼盆栽树为试验材料,于花后28 d时采取模拟低温(昼夜15/10℃)处理,研究该处理对龙眼果实发育及其果皮过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,以常温(昼夜28/23℃)处理为对照。结果表明:模拟低温处理后的龙眼成熟果实单果重明显偏小、发育期显著增加,主要是延长了果实发育前期,但其累积落果率与对照差异不显著。模拟低温期间,果实生长缓慢,落果较少,果皮POD、CAT活性与H_2O_2含量均低于对照;但从处理后43 d起开始解除模拟低温后,果实发育迅速,落果剧烈,果皮POD、CAT活性及H_2O_2含量均呈先升后降的变化趋势,且在果实发育中后期均明显高于对照。这表明,模拟低温抑制了果实生长、延长了果实发育期,温度骤然回升引起果皮H_2O_2的爆发及果皮抗氧化酶活性的提高,进而诱导了果实大量脱落。     

授粉对度尾文旦柚果皮相关酶活性的影响

研究了利用度柚6号、瑁溪蜜柚授粉处理对度尾文旦柚果实发育后期果皮多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、纤维素酶（CX）及苯丙氨酸裂解酶（PAL）活性的影响。结果表明：授粉处理后，度尾文旦柚果实发育后期PG活性呈上升趋势；CX活性呈下降趋势；PAL活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。     

温度和乙烯处理对番荔枝软熟过程中多糖代谢的影响

以AP(African Pride)番荔枝冬季果为试材,研究不同温度、乙烯利处理下,番荔枝果实淀粉、可溶性糖、蔗糖等糖类以及果胶含量和细胞壁代谢相关酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶)活性的变化,以期从多糖代谢角度探讨温度和乙烯对番荔枝冬季果软熟的影响。结果表明:低温(20℃)可延缓淀粉向可溶性糖的转化,高温(32℃)可促进淀粉向可溶性糖的转化,而28℃下番荔枝软熟最快。28、32℃下果实果皮变硬可能与果皮中原果胶的合成有一定关系。果实的软化与果肉中的原果胶降解有关,但和可溶性果胶含量上升无必然联系。温度和乙烯对酶活性均有不同程度影响,其中Eth-28℃处理对酶活性诱导最显著。Cx和PG活性的变化与果实软化最相关,而PME在果实软化中可能不起关键作用。      

黑龙江省玉米弯孢菌叶斑病病原鉴定及其产细胞壁降解酶和漆酶活性分析

对黑龙江省感染玉米弯孢菌叶斑病的叶片进行采集,利用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离,并进一步单孢纯化,经形态学特征并结合真菌核糖体(Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS)序列分析确认病原菌为新月弯孢菌(Curvu-laria lunata)。细胞壁降解酶和漆酶活性测定显示,病原菌可产生多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、聚甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG)、纤维素酶(β-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶,Cx)和漆酶(Laccase),PG和PMG的活性在第4天有一个峰值,在第10天PG有一个小峰值;而Cx的活性较低且变化幅度不大。新月弯孢菌生长到72h漆酶酶活达到最高峰,随后酶活逐渐下降;各种酶可连续产生,首先是漆酶酶活迅速增加,其次是PMG,再次是PG,而Cx的变化较小。研究首次发现新月弯孢菌产漆酶,推断其可能也在病菌侵入过程中发挥了重要作用。     

云南保山三个龙眼品种的引种试种和推广

云南保山于1993年从广西引进龙眼良种石硖、储良、大鸟圆，在属于怒江热区的潞江坝进行试种，石硖、储良表现丰产、稳产、品质好；大乌圆大年表现产量最高，但稳产性较差。3个品种现已在怒江热区的适种区域大面积推广种植。     

龙眼采后果肉脂氧合酶活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化

以‘福眼’龙眼果实为试验材料,分析果实采后贮藏过程中脂氧合酶(LOX)活性和细胞膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化,探讨其与果实成熟衰老的关系。结果表明,龙眼果肉脂肪酸组分主要有豆蔻酸(14:0)、棕榈酸(16:0)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)和亚油酸(18:2),未检出亚麻酸。随着龙眼采后贮藏时间的延长,不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸)和饱和脂肪酸(豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸)的含量变化不明显。果皮中未检出脂肪酸。果肉中的LOX活性伴随着膜脂过氧化作用的加强而逐渐增强,但由于LOX的活性较低,所以上升的幅度相对来说比较小,推测LOX可能不是导致果实衰老腐烂的关键酶。     

SPME/GC-MS法分析不同龙眼品种果实中的香气成分

采用 SPME/GC-MS法对4个龙眼品种果实香气成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明，4个龙眼品种共检测出44种芳香物质，其中烷类11种，烯类18种，酯类10种，醇类3种，酮类1种，炔类1种，它们构成4种龙眼主要的香气成分。4个龙眼品种在香气组成和含量上有所差异，储良、东良、东丰、石硖中分别含有25种、24种、26种、21 种香气成分。其中，4种龙眼共有的香气成分有7种：分别是十七烷、罗勒烯(顺式)、罗勒烯(反式)、别罗勒烯、1,3,8-对-薄荷三烯、α-石竹烯、(E)-β-金合欢烯，但其相对含量都有所差异；此外，各品种也具有自己独特的香气成分，如储良特有的香气成分有9种：包括十六烷、2-甲基-4-亚甲基-5 -(2,2-二甲基环丙基)-1-戊烯、5-环丙基戊酸乙酯、二十酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、香叶基芳樟醇、芳樟醇、2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔；东丰特有的3种：包括1-碘十一烷、反式，反式-法尼基酸甲酯、2-羟基十二烷酸甲酯；石硖特有的4种：包括十一烷、(-)-异丁香烯、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙基环己烯、喇叭茶醇；东良没有特有的香气成分。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.