箭根薯种子萌发研究初报

就种子类型、浸种温度与浸种时间，光照对箭根薯种子萌发的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明箭根薯种子具轻度休眠，用一定温度的水浸泡箭根薯种子，在适当的浸种时间内可打破种子休眠，提高发芽率，以70℃温水处理8h、60℃温水处理24h，陈种发芽率可达70％以上，60℃、70℃温水处理24h，50℃温水处理48h，新鲜种子发芽率可达69％以上，采用薄土覆盖种子的播种方法最好。     

甲醇老化处理对玉米种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

分析不同时间的50%甲醇老化处理对玉米种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响,明确甲醇老化处理的最佳时间。结果表明,与蒸馏水浸泡40 min(CK)相比,50%甲醇老化处理10~30 min时种子发芽指标(活力指数除外)均无显著变化;40 min时种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数分别降低5.67%、8.67%、11.08%和41.22%;50 min时分别降低6.00%、10.00%、18.05%和47.70%;60 min时分别降低21.33%、28.00%、35.62%和61.80%;70 min时种子发芽指标降至较低水平。甲醇老化处理10 min时,玉米幼苗苗高、根长、根苗比、苗重和根重均显著降低,且降低幅度高于发芽指标。与CK相比,甲醇老化处理10~30 min时对种子脱氢酶活性和相对电导率无显著影响,40~70 min时脱氢酶活性显著降低,相对电导率显著增加。因此,50%甲醇老化处理应选择40~60 min为宜。     

几种影响木豆种子发芽率的因素比较

采用浓硫酸对木豆种子进行不同浸泡时间的催芽处理,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,分析不同时间处理、温度、种质采集高度及种子千粒重对木豆种子萌发的影响。结果表明：木豆种子用浓硫酸浸种处理的最佳时间为1 min,发芽率达92.33 %。木豆种子发芽的最适温度为25℃。大部分木豆种子的千粒重较重,发芽率也相对较高。     

低温冻害对玉米种子发芽特性的影响

以不同水分含量的玉米杂交种富农1号、郑单958和辽单565的成熟鲜果穗为试验材料,通过0℃、-5℃、-10℃、-15℃、-20℃和-25℃低温处理12 h,研究不同处理下不同品种的萌发特性。结果表明,当种子水分含量低于15%时,低温冻害对种子的萌发活力影响不明显;当水分含量处于15%～25%之间、温度低于-20℃时,发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数下降明显;当水分含量处于25%～30%之间、温度低于-15℃时,会明显影响发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数。同一水分下,温度低于-20℃时,郑单958和辽单565的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数下降幅度最大,富农1号下降幅度远小于前两者;当温度降至-25℃时,3个品种的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数都降到了最低值。     

低温对花生种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

在室内培养条件下,以青花7号花生品种为试验材料,系统研究了收获后低温对种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着处理温度的降低,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数降低,幼苗主根长度、侧根长度和侧根数量减少,根系活力降低,出苗率降低。处理温度达到-1℃即对种子发芽和幼苗生长造成明显不良影响,可作为花生种子收获后受低温危害的阈值。     

番橄榄种子育苗的影响因子研究

研究不同成熟度、不同大小果核、不同贮藏期、不同浓度赤霉素处理、不同温度处理对番橄榄种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响。结果表明：成熟度高的果实其种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数远高于中度成熟和初步成熟的种子;大粒果核种子的萌发率高于小粒种子;种子采摘后不宜立即播种,果核经过120-150 d贮藏,有利于种子萌发,但过长时间保存会影响种子萌发;在本实验条件下,赤霉素对番橄榄种子的萌发没有影响;适合番橄榄种子萌发的温度为20-28 ℃。     

不同人工老化法测定玉米种子耐储性的比较分析

以耐储玉米自交系东156和不耐储自交系东237为试材,对40℃高温高湿老化法、饱和盐加速老化法、58℃±1℃热水浴老化法和50%甲醇老化法4种玉米种子人工老化方法进行比较,筛选适合玉米种子耐储性评价的方法。结果表明,经过人工老化处理后,东156与东237种子耐储性相关指标均有所下降。4种老化方法中只有热水浴老化法处理后,东156的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对发芽指数和寿命指数等耐储性相关指标均显著或极显著高于东237,其中寿命指数差异最大。     

新疆春小麦品种种子耐老化评价

为筛选出耐老化春小麦品种，采用高温高湿(41℃,95%RH)人工老化法对33份新疆春小麦品种进行种子老化处理，分析了老化对春小麦种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数及活力指数的影响，以耐老化系数为基础，运用加权隶属函数和聚类分析法对参试品种的种子耐老化性进行了综合评价及分类。结果表明，品种间种子耐老化能力差异显著。与对照相比，种子发芽势和发芽率分别下降41.16和30.96个百分点，发芽指数和活力指数分别降低50.29%和64.77%,差异均达极显著水平。通过加权隶属函数和聚类分析，将33份材料划分为4种耐老化类型，其中新春6号、新春30号、新春40号、新春41号、新春43号、新春47号等6份品种种子耐老化能力突出，可以作为小麦耐老化育种的亲本。     

胚乳裂纹对玉米种子活力指标的影响

以玉米杂交种种子为试验材料,研究胚乳无裂纹、胚乳单裂纹、胚乳双裂纹和胚乳龟裂纹种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数变化。结果表明,24 h内的吸水率表现为龟裂纹种子的吸水率最高,无裂纹种子的吸水率最低。随着胚乳裂纹数的增加其种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均呈降低的变化趋势。胚乳无裂纹的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数显著高于胚乳龟裂纹的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数。种子胚乳无裂纹的幼苗干重显著高于胚乳龟裂纹的幼苗干重。胚乳龟裂纹是导致种子活力降低的原因之一,在种子生产中应该减少胚乳龟裂纹产生。     

几种不同处理方法对坚尼草种子发芽的影响

探讨赤霉素（GA）、硝酸钾的不同浓度和70℃热水等不同方法处理热研8号坚尼草（Panicum mazimum CV．Reyan No．8）种子对发芽的影响。结果表明：不同处理在提高发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等各指标的影响效果均存在极显著差异；其中，10％浓度的硝酸钾处理效果最好，发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别达63．06％、21．2和113．9，发芽7d的芽长与根长的总长度达8．30cm，所需发芽时间也最短；其次是GA150mg／L浓度处理的，发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数分别为52．01％、18．5和80．7。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.