不同种植密度对新疆啤酒大麦产量和蛋白质含量的影响

为确定新疆啤酒大麦优质高产栽培的适宜种植密度,选用甘啤4号、垦啤7号、新啤4号、新啤8号作为试验材料,设置225万、300万、375万、450万、525万粒/hm~2共5个种植密度,研究其对4个啤酒大麦品种农艺性状和品质指标的影响。结果表明:随着种植密度的增加,4个品种的出苗期没有明显影响,抽穗期、成熟期均提前,生育期时间逐渐缩短;基本苗和最高总茎蘖数逐渐增加,有效穗数先增加后减少,分蘖成穗率逐渐下降;株高先升高后降低,穗长、主穗粒数、千粒质量逐渐降低,其中穗长受到的影响最大;产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,蛋白质含量却相反,呈先降低后升高的趋势。为了提高啤酒大麦产量,播种密度应该控制在375万～450万粒/hm~2为宜,其具体播种密度还要依据当地地力条件和种植品种而定。     

播期对青贮大麦产量和青贮品质的影响

为探究新疆北部地区播期对青贮大麦产量、青贮原料品质和青贮品质的影响,以3个大麦品种(系)(垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号)为材料,分别于3月18日、4月2日、4月17日播种,对其青贮农艺性状、干草产量、青贮原料营养成分和青贮品质进行分析。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,青贮大麦生育期大幅度缩短,4月17日播种时生育期较3月18日缩短22~23 d。晚播会显著降低大麦干草产量,晚播(4月17日)时3个品种(系)干草产量比早播(3月18日)降低15.2%~24.2%,其中垦啤麦13降幅最大。推迟播种使垦啤麦13和甘啤4号茎、穗的干物质分配比例下降,叶的干物质分配比例上升。晚播使P13-3和甘啤4号洗涤纤维含量(中性和酸性)和粗脂肪含量分别显著上升和下降,显著降低P13-3的粗蛋白含量,提高甘啤4号可溶性碳水化合物含量。播期对青贮品质影响因品种(系)而异,晚播降低了甘啤4号青贮的pH值、氨态氮含量,提高乳酸含量,对其他品种(系)无显著性影响。总体来看,新疆青贮大麦在外界条件允许的条件下,应适当早播。     

早熟高产适应性强啤酒大麦新品种垦啤麦10

垦啤麦7号已在黑龙江省种植8年多,是东北地区种植大麦以来种植面积最大的2棱啤酒大麦品种。其是目前中国啤酒大麦品质较好的品种之一。然而,由于内蒙古东北部常年在5月份干旱,一旦播种过早,则出苗不齐,农民都习惯在5月下旬以后播种,而垦啤麦7号一旦在5月20日以后播种,由于其对光温反映敏感,不但抽穗不齐、有效分蘖低,而且根腐病重、产量低、品质差。     

优质高产啤酒大麦新品种垦啤麦7号

垦啤麦 7号 (红 99- 40 7)属春性二棱啤酒大麦品种。由黑龙江省红兴隆科研所用Ant90 - 2做母本 ,红 92 - 2 5做父本经有性杂交育成。 2 0 0 4年 2月 2 0日通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定。该品种经 2 0 0 2～ 2 0 0 3两年区、生试 ,平均公顷产量分别为 4 40 5 .2 5kg和 3713.2kg ,分别比对照增产 11.5 3%和 12 .6 5 %。与此同时 ,经连云港全国麦芽检测中心两年化验 ,平均蛋白质含量11 35 % ,比垦啤麦 3号低 1.4 2 % ;麦芽无水浸出率 82 .6 5 % ,比垦啤麦 3号高 3.2 % ,属优质品种。垦啤麦 7号的育成无论是产量和品质都比垦啤麦 3号有新的突破。其是代替垦啤麦 3号的首选品种 ,推广该品种会给黑龙江啤酒大麦基地品质上一个新的台阶。     

甘肃省河西高海拔地区啤酒大麦新品种(系)适应性研究

通过2004至2005年甘肃省啤酒大麦新品种(系)多点试验结果表明,甘啤5号在河西高海拔地区产量及丰产性虽较甘啤3号、甘啤4号两个品种低,但籽粒成熟度好,蛋白质含量较低,筛选率高,特别是休眠期缩短,水敏性降低,发芽率明显高于其它品种.说明该品种是适于河西沿山高海拔地区种植的新的早熟啤酒大麦品种,     

优质高产啤酒大麦新品种"垦啤麦8号"

垦啤麦8号(红00—511)属春性二棱啤酒大麦品种。由黑龙江省红兴隆科研所用垦啤麦3号做母本,红92-25做父本经有性杂交育成。2005年3月通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定。该品种在2003~2004两年区域试验和生产试验中,平均每公顷产量分别为3 972.96kg和3 893.68kg,分别比对照品种增产13.95%和12.09%。经连云港全国麦芽检测中心化验,蛋白质含量11.4%,麦芽无水浸出率80.7%,库值41%,糖化力336WK,属优质品种。垦啤麦8号的育成无论是产量和品质都比垦啤麦3号有新的突破,是继垦啤麦7号以后代替垦啤麦3号的理想品种,推广该品种会使黑龙江啤麦基地产量和品质上一个新的台阶。     

不同啤酒大麦品种在陇中丘陵沟壑区的性状表现研究

观察和测定了6个啤酒大麦品种在陇中丘陵沟壑区的性状表现及品质变异情况.结果表明:甘啤2号、甘啤3号、甘啤4号和9303等4品种对当地环境具有良好的适应性,法瓦维特和Aspen表现较差.6品种收获籽粒蛋白质含量均超国家啤酒大麦标准,不适用于啤酒酿造.陇中丘陵沟壑区发展啤酒大麦种植,必须立足当地自然条件,培育适宜的专用品种.     

优质高产啤酒大麦新品种垦啤麦7号

垦啤麦7号(红99—407)属春性二棱啤酒大麦品种。由黑龙江省红兴隆科研所用Ant90—2做母本，红92—25做父本经有性杂交育成。2004年2月20日通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定。该品种经2002～2003两年区、生试，平均公顷产量分别为4405．25kg和3713．2kg，分别比对照增产11．53％和12．65％。与此同时，经连云港全国麦芽检测中心两年化验，平均蛋白质含量11．35％，比垦啤麦3号低1．42％；麦芽无水浸出率82．65％，比垦啤麦3号高3．2％，属优质品种。垦啤麦7号的育成无论是产量和品质都比垦啤麦3号有新的突破。其是代替垦啤麦3号的首选品种，推广该品种会给黑龙江啤酒大麦基地品质上一个新的台阶。     

种植密度对啤酒大麦品质和产量的影响

为给甘肃省河西地区啤酒大麦的生产栽培提供理论依据,以甘啤6号和垦啤6号为试验材料,于2012-2014年在张掖市民乐、山丹和甘州区三个试点对不同种植密度的啤酒大麦的产量和品质进行了分析。结果表明,在450~900万粒·hm^-2范围内,随着种植密度的增加,甘啤6号和垦啤6号的产量以及淀粉含量均呈先增后减趋势,千粒重呈下降趋势,籽粒蛋白质含量呈先降后升趋势,而种植密度对籽粒含水量和整齐度的影响不明显。建议甘啤6号和垦啤6号在河西地区适宜的播种量为600~675万粒·hm^-2。     

十个外引啤酒大麦品种产量及品质分析

为筛选适合甘肃河西地区种植的优质啤酒大麦品种,在甘肃民乐、张掖、山丹、黄羊镇、永昌5个试验点进行两个生长季的品比试验,对10个外引啤酒大麦品种和当地主栽品种的生育期、产量及主要品质性状进行了比较。结果表明,与当地主栽品种甘啤4号相比,10个引进品种生育期相对偏长,有8个品种比对照晚熟;品种Beatrix和Belana表现增产,两年多点试验平均产量分别较对照甘啤4号增产13.31%和8.45%。10个外引啤酒大麦品种的千粒重、发芽势、发芽率达国标一级标准;麦芽品质指标α-氨基氮和糖化力达国标优级标准,浸出物除品种Marnie外均达国标一级标准,库尔巴哈值除品种Xanadu外均达国标一级标准。经产量与品质综合分析,外引啤酒大麦品种Beatrix和Belana在甘肃河西走廊及沿黄灌区气候及土壤条件下表现优良,适宜推广种植。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.