黄麻和红麻纤维磨木木质素的红外光谱特征

从黄麻和红麻纤维中分离出磨木木质素,利用红外光谱分析了两种麻纤维磨木木质素的特征峰及归属,得知磨木木质素中有复杂的官能团,含有羟基、羰基、甲基等基团,木质素结构中含有相当数量的紫丁香基单元。根据黄麻和红麻纤维磨木木质素的红外光谱吸收峰强度,推断其结构属于阔叶木类木质素化学结构GS型木质素。     

"闪爆"处理对大麻脱胶及纤维性能的影响

采用"闪爆"新技术来处理大麻纤维,分析了闪爆处理前后大麻纤维脱胶、化学组分和理化性能的变化.结果表明,"闪爆"后的大麻纤维经水洗处理后,纤维素的比率显著增加,木质素等非纤维素成分明显降低,而且脱胶效果理想,大麻纤维的红外光谱闪爆处理以后在1510cm-1处吸收峰和在1736cm-1处吸收峰趋于消失,纤维的上染性能明显改善.     

玉米秸秆苞叶与茎皮中磨木木质素和木素-碳水化合物复合体的傅里叶红外光谱分析

通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对玉米秸秆苞叶和茎皮中的磨木木质素(MWL)和木素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC)的结构进行表征,明确玉米秸秆不同部位木质纤维素的结构。采用改良的Bj?rkman方法,分别从玉米秸秆苞叶与茎皮部位提取分离到MWL和LCC,并通过FT-IR对其结构进行表征和分析。结果表明,两个部位中的MWL组成明显不同,茎皮木质素中的苯丙烷侧链上的支链结构以及苯环结构比重均高于苞叶木质素,而羟基、甲基和共轭羰基结构低于苞叶木质素。茎皮木质素结构中以紫丁香基结构单元为主,而苞叶木质素中主要以愈创木基结构单元为主。两个部位的LCC结构存在差异,苞叶LCC中的羟基含量高于茎皮LCC,甲基、亚甲基含量较茎皮LCC低;茎皮LCC中木质素与半纤维素连接强度明显高于苞叶LCC,因此可推断,茎皮中木质素与纤维素的分离难度大于苞叶。     

“闪爆”处理对大麻脱胶及纤维性能的影响

采用“闪爆”新技术来处理大麻纤维，分析了闪爆处理前后大麻纤维脱胶、化学组分和理化性能的变化：结果表明，“闪爆”后的大麻纤维经水洗处理后，纤维素的比率显著增加，木质素等非纤维素成分明显降低，而且脱胶效果理想，大麻纤维的红外光谱闪爆处理以后在1510cm-1处吸收峰和在1736cm-1处吸收峰趋于消失，纤维的上染性能明显改善.     

黄、红麻生产、科研三十年

黄麻和红麻是我国的主要韧皮纤维作物,既是纺织工业原料,又是工农业生产中的重要物资。其纤维具有吸湿性强、散发水分快、经久耐用等特点,主要用于纺织麻袋、麻布和绳索。麻杆可用来造纸,制隔音板等。发展黄、红麻生产,是国民经济中的重要一环,在社会主义建设事业中具有重要的意义。     

黄、红麻生产、科研三十年

黄麻和红麻是我国的主要韧皮纤维作物，既是纺织工业原料，又是工农业生产中的重要物资。其纤维具有吸湿性强、散发水分快、经久耐用等特点，主要用于纺织麻袋、麻布和绳索。麻杆可用来造纸，制隔音板等。发展黄、红麻生产，是国民经济中的重要一环，在社会主义建设事业中具有重要的意义。     

多种用途黄麻、红麻产品开发现状及发展趋势

黄麻和红麻分别为黄麻属和木槿属中的栽培种,广泛种植于东亚及欧美地区。传统的主要用途为利用其韧皮纤维制作麻袋、打包麻布及绳索等。随着化学纤维包装和集装箱运输的发展,黄麻、红麻市场受到了严重冲击。据国际黄麻组织1992年年初报道,全世界黄麻、红麻纤维出口仅37.72万吨,比1991年同期(50.64万吨)     

利用黄麻、红麻作造纸制浆原料

1前言1.1尽管最近速生林木有一定的发展,但是在世界许多国家制浆造纸用纤维原料的供应仍是一个大问题。一种可行的、可部分解决此问题的办法是利用像稻秸、红麻、竹子和蔗渣等生长周期更短的非木本纤维作原料。2.1这类原料的技术特点已有相当长的研究。事实上,最早生产纸的中国人早就利用蚕丝废料、大麻纤维和桑树外皮长纤维作造纸原料。3.1目前,红麻制浆造纸的商业性生产仅在少数国家受到重视。但是,在工业化规模种植和利用黄麻和红麻作造纸原料的实验阶段的技术和经济学方面的研究,不仅受到几个主要纤维生产国的重视,而且许多其它国家,如…     

椰衣纤维的蒸汽爆破处理技术

采用蒸汽爆破技术处理椰衣纤维,通过化学分析方法及扫描电镜、红外光谱等现代分析手段分析蒸汽爆破处理前后椰衣纤维化学组分和形态结构的变化,并初步探讨蒸汽爆破在椰衣纤维处理中的工艺及原理。结果表明:蒸汽爆破处理技术能够有效减少椰衣纤维中的木质素、果胶等杂质,提高纤维素含量;同时,高温高压水蒸气瞬间泄压过程可以破坏纤维素中原纤间的结合力,改善纤维的形态结构,提高化学试剂的可及度,改善纤维化学反应性能。     

黄麻红麻数量性状的遗传及相关分析

对黄麻和红麻的6个数量性状(开花期、株高、茎粗、鲜皮厚、分枝高、单株干皮产量)作了广义、窄义遗传力和表现型、遗传型、环境型的相关性以及遗传通径系数的分析。结果表明,6个性状估算的参数在黄麻和红麻中表现不同,只有茎粗的性状不论在黄麻中或红麻中对干皮产量都是显显正相关,在大多数性状与干皮产量关系中,茎粗所起的间接效应也是显著正相关。鉴于茎粗,性状的表现受遗传和环境的作用,在育种和栽培中都值得重视。本文对估算遗传力的方法及综合位值也进行了讨论。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.