黄麻和红麻纤维磨木木质素的红外光谱特征

从黄麻和红麻纤维中分离出磨木木质素,利用红外光谱分析了两种麻纤维磨木木质素的特征峰及归属,得知磨木木质素中有复杂的官能团,含有羟基、羰基、甲基等基团,木质素结构中含有相当数量的紫丁香基单元.根据黄麻和红麻纤维磨木木质素的红外光谱吸收峰强度,推断其结构属于阔叶木类木质素化学结构GS型木质素.     

玉米秸秆苞叶与茎皮中磨木木质素和木素-碳水化合物复合体的傅里叶红外光谱分析

通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对玉米秸秆苞叶和茎皮中的磨木木质素(MWL)和木素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC)的结构进行表征,明确玉米秸秆不同部位木质纤维素的结构。采用改良的Bj?rkman方法,分别从玉米秸秆苞叶与茎皮部位提取分离到MWL和LCC,并通过FT-IR对其结构进行表征和分析。结果表明,两个部位中的MWL组成明显不同,茎皮木质素中的苯丙烷侧链上的支链结构以及苯环结构比重均高于苞叶木质素,而羟基、甲基和共轭羰基结构低于苞叶木质素。茎皮木质素结构中以紫丁香基结构单元为主,而苞叶木质素中主要以愈创木基结构单元为主。两个部位的LCC结构存在差异,苞叶LCC中的羟基含量高于茎皮LCC,甲基、亚甲基含量较茎皮LCC低;茎皮LCC中木质素与半纤维素连接强度明显高于苞叶LCC,因此可推断,茎皮中木质素与纤维素的分离难度大于苞叶。     

"闪爆"处理对大麻脱胶及纤维性能的影响

采用"闪爆"新技术来处理大麻纤维,分析了闪爆处理前后大麻纤维脱胶、化学组分和理化性能的变化.结果表明,"闪爆"后的大麻纤维经水洗处理后,纤维素的比率显著增加,木质素等非纤维素成分明显降低,而且脱胶效果理想,大麻纤维的红外光谱闪爆处理以后在1510cm-1处吸收峰和在1736cm-1处吸收峰趋于消失,纤维的上染性能明显改善.     

黄、红麻生产、科研三十年

黄麻和红麻是我国的主要韧皮纤维作物,既是纺织工业原料,又是工农业生产中的重要物资。其纤维具有吸湿性强、散发水分快、经久耐用等特点,主要用于纺织麻袋、麻布和绳索。麻杆可用来造纸,制隔音板等。发展黄、红麻生产,是国民经济中的重要一环,在社会主义建设事业中具有重要的意义。     

“闪爆”处理对大麻脱胶及纤维性能的影响

采用“闪爆”新技术来处理大麻纤维，分析了闪爆处理前后大麻纤维脱胶、化学组分和理化性能的变化：结果表明，“闪爆”后的大麻纤维经水洗处理后，纤维素的比率显著增加，木质素等非纤维素成分明显降低，而且脱胶效果理想，大麻纤维的红外光谱闪爆处理以后在1510cm-1处吸收峰和在1736cm-1处吸收峰趋于消失，纤维的上染性能明显改善.     

黄、红麻生产、科研三十年

黄麻和红麻是我国的主要韧皮纤维作物，既是纺织工业原料，又是工农业生产中的重要物资。其纤维具有吸湿性强、散发水分快、经久耐用等特点，主要用于纺织麻袋、麻布和绳索。麻杆可用来造纸，制隔音板等。发展黄、红麻生产，是国民经济中的重要一环，在社会主义建设事业中具有重要的意义。     

多种用途黄麻、红麻产品开发现状及发展趋势

黄麻和红麻分别为黄麻属和木槿属中的栽培种,广泛种植于东亚及欧美地区。传统的主要用途为利用其韧皮纤维制作麻袋、打包麻布及绳索等。随着化学纤维包装和集装箱运输的发展,黄麻、红麻市场受到了严重冲击。据国际黄麻组织1992年年初报道,全世界黄麻、红麻纤维出口仅37.72万吨,比1991年同期(50.64万吨)     

利用黄麻、红麻作造纸制浆原料

1前言1.1尽管最近速生林木有一定的发展,但是在世界许多国家制浆造纸用纤维原料的供应仍是一个大问题。一种可行的、可部分解决此问题的办法是利用像稻秸、红麻、竹子和蔗渣等生长周期更短的非木本纤维作原料。2.1这类原料的技术特点已有相当长的研究。事实上,最早生产纸的中国人早就利用蚕丝废料、大麻纤维和桑树外皮长纤维作造纸原料。3.1目前,红麻制浆造纸的商业性生产仅在少数国家受到重视。但是,在工业化规模种植和利用黄麻和红麻作造纸原料的实验阶段的技术和经济学方面的研究,不仅受到几个主要纤维生产国的重视,而且许多其它国家,如…     

黄麻红麻数量性状的遗传及相关分析

对黄麻和红麻的6个数量性状(开花期、株高、茎粗、鲜皮厚、分枝高、单株干皮产量)作了广义、窄义遗传力和表现型、遗传型、环境型的相关性以及遗传通径系数的分析。结果表明,6个性状估算的参数在黄麻和红麻中表现不同,只有茎粗的性状不论在黄麻中或红麻中对干皮产量都是显显正相关,在大多数性状与干皮产量关系中,茎粗所起的间接效应也是显著正相关。鉴于茎粗,性状的表现受遗传和环境的作用,在育种和栽培中都值得重视。本文对估算遗传力的方法及综合位值也进行了讨论。     

黄麻、红麻种间有性杂交的初步观察

前言 应用植物种，属间杂交做为育种手段，已成为世界上培育新物种和新类型的有效途径。为选育适应性广，抗逆性强，纤维产量高，品质优良的黄麻、红麻新类型，以锦葵科木槿属的红麻、玫瑰麻，金钱吊芙蓉等种和田麻科黄麻属的长果种，圆果种进行种间杂交。同时，还结合探讨红麻和柽麻、黄麻和柽麻科间杂交的可能性。     

Sound absorption and viscoelastic property of acoustical automotive nonwovens and their plasma treatment

Sound absorption property, viscoelastic property and the effect of plasma treatment of four automotive nonwoven fabrics on these properties are discussed in this research paper. Needle-punched fabrics used for vehicle headliner include 2 polyester fabrics made of hollow polyester fibers or solid polyester fibers, and 2 polypropylene-composite cellulose fabrics made of jute fibers or kenaf fibers, manufactured with the same web structure of apparent fabric density and fabric thickness. Hollow polyester fiber fabric has the highest sound absorption and the highest loss factor, the second highest is jute fiber fabric. The viscoelastic property is found to be related to the sound absorption property of fabric. The plasma treatment on nonwoven fabrics changes their sound absorption and viscoelastic property as well as their fabric weight and pore size. Hollow polyester fabric shows the increased sound absorption and viscoelastic property after the treatment with the increased pore sizes, while regular polyester fabric displays insignificant changes. The cellulose fabrics are more affected by plasma treatment compared to the polyester fabrics in terms of fabric weight loss and pore size, and jute fabric is more affected than kenaf fabric due to fiber weakness. The jute fabric demonstrates the decreased sound absorption and viscoelastic property, while kenaf fabric shows the increased sound absorption with the unchanged viscoelastic property after the treatment.     

Investigation of jute-lignin-poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) hybrid biodegradable composites with low water absorption

This study developed a novel PHB-lignin-jute biodegradable composite with preferable mechanical properties and low water absorption. The appearances of fracture surface of composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The result suggested a Gaussian-like distribution of the size particles supporting the presence of lignin with a radius smaller than 0.5 μm. According to X-ray diffraction, the presence of lignin and jute fibers was decreased the crystallization of PHB. Moreover, the glass transition temperature of PHB increased, and the endotherm during glass transition was decreased. The maximum tensile strength and modulus of composites were obtained with 30 wt% jute fiber contents and 4 wt% lignin contents. The presence of jute fibers was largely increased the water absorption of composites. However, the presence of lignin was effectively decreased the water absorption of composites at saturation levels.     

黄/红麻在纺织领域的应用探讨

本文针对黄/红麻的引种、育种所取得的成效,研究了黄/红麻在纺织领域应用的目的和意义,介绍了黄/红麻纤维的种类、主要产地、技术参数和分等要求,提出了黄/红麻在服用、装饰用及产业用纺织品上的应用前景。黄/红麻作为重要的天然纺织原料,必将得到充分的应用。     

黄红麻脱胶工艺初探

本文对黄红麻纤维的化学脱胶工艺作了初步的探索，实验结果表明，脱胶后的黄红麻纤维性能有了较大的改善，为精细化黄红麻产品提供了基础。     

黄麻纤维的形态结构及组分研究现状

对黄麻纤维的形态、微观结构和化学成分的研究现状进行了综述，介绍了黄麻工艺纤维中木质素和半纤维素对工艺纤维力学性质作用机理的猜测以及细胞间质成分的争论。并讨论了黄麻工艺纤维加工中的主要影响因素之一——细胞间质成分，及其他尚未解决的问题。     

Frost kill and kenaf fiber quality

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) grown in northern Mississippi and elsewhere often is injured by early frost and killed before harvest. Frost kill often is associated with fungal growth or rot, so its effect on fiber quality is a major concern. Fiber processing also affects the quality and chemical composition of fibers. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the effects of frost kill on processing, fiber quality and chemical composition of kenaf fibers. Frost-damaged kenaf with fungal growth was decorticated by hand and divided into six sections (26.88 cm/each) from the base to tip of the stem and then retted chemically or bacterially in the laboratory. Fiber characteristics were compared between the two processes and the six locations on the plant. Ash, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of the resultant fibers were measured. Bacterially retted (BR) fibers were stronger (11.8 g/tex) than the chemically retted fibers (CR), 7.5 g/tex, at all locations. The BR fibers from decorticated green ribbons were stronger than those from frost-killed ribbons. However, no significant differences occurred between the CR fibers from decorticated and frost-killed ribbons. Residual gum content was higher for the BR fibers (23.3%) than for the CR fibers (8.1%). The stretch properties were not affected significantly by the frost kill or fungus. The base of the stem had the weakest fibers in both processes, which may have been due to greater fungal disease. The CR process extracted more fiber than the BR process, with a consistent higher yield of clean fibers. In the BR process, the fiber extracted was higher at the tip than at the base of the stem. This may have been related to the presence of fungus, which inhibits the BR process. Analysis of chemical composition of the processed fibers indicated that CR is efficient in reducing hemicellulose and lignin contents. These results indicate that frost kill may not be the appropriate method for harvesting kenaf for quality fibers. However, fibers extracted by chemical retting were unaffected by the presence of fungus as a result of frost kill.     

苎麻／黄（红）麻织物服用性能测试分析

本文通过实验测定了苎麻/黄(红)麻混纺交织织物的服用性能，并与苎麻织物的服用性能进行比较，结论表明苎麻/黄(红)麻混纺交织织物具有良好的服用性能。     

浅析黄／红麻发展的技术瓶颈与政策支持

本文结合麻类科学研究的实践，从黄／红麻高产优质多抗育种、高产栽培技术、良种繁育、收剥机械化和纤维生物脱胶等五个层面上，论述了黄／红麻发展的技术瓶颈与政策支持，提出了若干突破技术瓶颈方法的思考与对策，以期形成共识，促进黄／红麻科学研究与生产发展。     

Surface Treated Jute Fiber Induced Foam Microstructure Development in Poly(lactic acid)/Jute Fiber Biocomposites and their Biodegradation Behavior

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/jute fiber biocomposites with: i) untreated jute fiber, ii) NaOH treated jute fiber, and iii) (NaOH+silane) treated jute fibers were prepared by melt extrusion process. Microcellular foaming of the injection molded samples was carried out by using single stage batch process. The effects of jute fiber content as well as that of matrix-fiber phase adhesion, in composites with surface treated jute fibers, on the foam microstructure were studied. Further, water absorption, thickness swelling, and biodegradation behavior of the foamed biocomposites were studied and correlated with their foam microstructures. It was observed that on increasing jute fiber content in PLA/JFU biocomposites, cell density increased from 6.5×10⁷ to 8.1×10⁷, while the cell size and expansion ratio decreased from 40 to 23 μm and 2.41 to 1.45, respectively. Again, on increasing the extent of the jute fiber surface treatment in the biocomposites, cell size and expansion ratio increased from 40 to 78 μm and 2.41 to 2.80 respectively. This study also revealed that the rate of biodegradation accelerated with increase in the jute fiber content in the biocomposites while the same retarded with increase in the extent of jute fiber surface treatment.     

Effect of kenaf and EFB fiber hybridization on physical and thermo-mechanical properties of PLA biocomposites

Kenaf/empty fruit bunch/polylactic acid (kenaf/EFB/PLA) hybrid biocomposites were prepared using hot press technique. The ratio of fiber to polylactic acid was set at 60:40 with 1:1 ratio between kenaf and empty fruit bunch fibers. Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid biocomposites were subsequently characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile and water absorption tests. Test results indicated that mechanically stronger fiber was able to support the weaker fiber. Hybrid fiber biocomposite had higher crystallinity as compared to single fiber biocomposite. Water absorption of hybrid composite was higher as compared to single fiber composite. Thermal result revealed that hybridization of fiber was not significantly influence the thermal properties of composites. However, the presence of two different fibers proposed good wettability properties, which could reduce the formation of voids at the fibers-polymer interface and produce composites with high stiffness and strength.