几种三唑类杀菌剂混用对小麦赤霉病的防效

进入21世纪以来,江苏沿海地区小麦赤霉病流行频率增加,发生危害程度加重,已成为小麦上一种常发性病害。目前,防治小麦赤霉病以多菌灵及其复配剂为主,小麦赤霉病抗性菌株比例上升,防效下降。对粉唑醇、环丙唑醇、氟环唑和戊唑醇混用进行防治小麦赤霉病田间药效试验。结果表明,40%环丙唑醇SC 30 m L/667 m~2+80%戊唑醇WP 10 g/667 m~2,对小麦赤霉病的防病效果达89.66%,可进一步示范推广。     

河西走廊糖用甜菜白粉病的药剂筛选试验

采用田间喷雾的方法,以期筛选对糖用甜菜白粉病防治效果较好的杀菌剂。结果筛选出的防治效果较好的药剂有400g/L氟硅唑EC 5000倍液、20%三唑酮EC 1000倍液、325g/L苯甲·醚菌酯SC1500倍液、33%苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑EC 3000倍液的防效分别为73.00%、71.74%、68.28%、65.93%。     

不同药剂防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验

为筛选防治小麦白粉病的高效新药剂,对5种杀菌剂进行了田间防效试验。结果表明,药后10 d,30%醚菌酯WP 30 g/667 m2、20 g/667 m2防效分别为78.57%和72.10%,防治效果优于其它药剂处理的防效;20%三唑酮EC 80 ml/667 m2和80%戊唑醇WP 15 g/667 m2处理对小麦白粉病的防效分别为62.63%、54.40%;30%氟菌唑WP 20 g/667 m2和20%乙嘧酚磺酸酯ME 20 ml/667 m2处理对小麦白粉病防治效果分别为50.17%和44.99%。药后20 d,30%醚菌酯WP 30 g/667 m2和30%醚菌酯WP 20 g/667 m2处理对小麦白粉病的防效分别达到93.40%和83.53%,防效在各处理中最高,其次为20%三唑酮EC 80 ml/667 m2,防效为61.25%,以上3处理之间差异不显著;但与对照及其他处理都达到显著性差异;80%戊唑醇WP 15 g/667 m2和20%乙嘧酚磺酸酯ME 20 ml/667 m2的防治效果分别为42.60%和18.28%,30%氟菌唑WP 20 g/667 m2处理对小麦白粉病防治效果仅有5.90%。因此30%醚菌酯WP 30 g/667 m2和20 g/667 m2处理可有效控制小麦白粉病的发生及危害,且对小麦生长安全,可以作为三唑酮的替代药剂或与其他药剂合理轮换使用。     

不同药剂防治水稻稻曲病田间药效试验

为筛选防治水稻稻曲病的高效药剂,同时验证在孕穗末期—破口初期施药对稻曲病的防效,2019—2020年连续2年开展了不同药剂防治水稻稻曲病田间试验。结果表明:19%啶氧·丙环唑SC 70 mL/667 m²、125 g/L氟环唑SC 50 mL/667 m²、40%咪铜·氟环唑SC 30 mL/667 m²、25%噻呋·嘧菌酯SC 40 mL/667 m²平均病指防效分别为89.95%、89.85%、87.05%、85.60%,体现了较高防效;75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 15 g/667 m²,平均病指防效为81.30%,也有较高防效;而36%丙环·咪鲜胺SC 50 mL/667 m²平均病指防效仅为78.20%,防效稍差。前5种药剂可结合稻瘟病防治,在水稻孕穗末期—破口初期使用,能有效控制水稻稻曲病为害。     

几种药剂防治水稻纹枯病药效试验

以3种药剂:240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂300 g/hm2、300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油300 g/hm2和27.8%噻呋酰胺·己唑醇悬浮剂375 ml/hm2为供试药剂,对水稻灌浆期纹枯病进行药效试验,药后20 d株防效均达到81.71%~89.83%,药后35 d的株防效和病指防效分别达到90.61%~92.79%和93.11%~94.17%,均明显好于对照药剂10%井冈霉素水剂,供试药剂对水稻生长发育无不良影响,3者均有减轻纹枯病危害、提高水稻产量的作用,其中以240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂300 g/hm2和300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑可湿性粉剂300 g/hm2增产效果较好,尤以240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂的防效最佳,增产效果最为明显,建议大面积示范应用。     

300g/L苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油对水稻纹枯病的田间防治效果研究

对300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC防治水稻纹枯病进行田间药效试验,结果表明,300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC有效成分90 g/hm2、112.5 g/hm2对水稻纹枯病的防治效果分别为85.48%、93.54%,比10%苯醚甲环唑EC 22.5 g/hm2处理分别提高8.15、16.21个百分点;比25%丙环唑EC 112.5 g/hm2处理分别提高15.66,23.72个百分点;比300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC67.5 g/hm2处理分别提高19.29、27.35个百分点。300 g/L苯醚甲环唑.丙环唑EC防治水稻纹枯病的有效成分为90.0～112.5 g/hm2。     

35%氟唑磺隆WDG对春小麦田一年生杂草防除效果及安全性评价

为明确35%氟唑磺隆WDG防除春小麦田杂草效果及对小麦的安全性,设35%氟唑磺隆WDG制剂量90、105、120、210m L/hm~2不同处理对水300 L/hm~2,于春小麦3～5叶期均匀喷施。结果表明,35%氟唑磺隆WDG使用量105 m L/hm~2以上,对春小麦田禾本科杂草株防效可达到81.19%以上,鲜质量防效可达到90.07%以上,小麦安全且产量增加。     

9种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的田间防治试验

本文比较了9种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的田间防治效果。结果表明:30%醚菌酯SC 40 m L/667 m2、22.5%啶氧菌酯SC 40m L/667 m2和42.8%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯SC 15 m L/667 m2药后15 d对小麦白粉病的防治效果均较好,同时30%醚菌酯SC40 m L/667 m2和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC 40 m L/667 m2对白粉病的持效期也较长;其次为17.2%吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑SC 50 m L/667 m2,药后15 d防效也达到88.29%。研究发现生产上常用的20%三唑酮EC 50 m L/667 m2对小麦白粉病的防治效果并不理想,药后15 d防效仅为49.44%,药后30 d下降至34.89%。推荐将30%醚菌酯SC 40 m L/667 m2和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC 40m L/667 m2作为三唑酮的替代药剂或与其他药剂合理轮换使用。     

不同药剂处理对小麦赤霉病药效和保绿防衰效果试验

受耕作制度调整等因素影响,江苏省盐城市盐都区小麦赤霉病的流行频率上升,且赤霉病菌对多菌灵及其复配剂抗性增强。目前生产上防治小麦赤霉病的药剂品种较多,防效差异大。本研究对市场上常用的8大类杀菌剂及其复配剂防治赤霉病的药效和保绿防衰效果进行试验,结果表明:在单剂中,用三唑类80%戊唑醇WP 22.5 g/667 m~2、三唑硫酮类25%丙硫菌唑SC 50mL/667 m~2的防效在70%以上;在复配剂中,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 60 mL/667 m~2、15%氯啶·戊唑醇SC 100 mL/667 m~2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WDG 20 g/667 m~2、28%烯肟·多菌灵WP 100 g/667 m~2、15%丙硫·戊唑醇SC 120 mL/667 m~2这5个处理的防效在70%以上,同时三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇及其复配剂、三唑硫酮类杀菌剂丙硫菌唑表现出良好的保绿防衰效果,绿叶指数在80%以上,可延长小麦剑叶绿色时间2 d左右,千粒质量增加,增产效果明显。     

12.5%粉唑醇悬浮剂防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验报告

12.5%粉唑醇悬浮剂对小麦白粉病的防治效果较好,有效控制了白粉病危害,在250 ml/667 m2剂量下的防病效果明显优于三唑酮240 g/667 m2。在小麦白粉病中等发生年份,用12.5%粉唑醇50 ml/667 m2(ai:93.8 g/hm2),掌握在发病初期施药一次,即能控制其发生为害。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.