水稻GA20ox-2基因mRNA的TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测

 成功建立了一项基于TaqMan 实时荧光定量的RT-PCR技术,定量分析水稻半矮化关键基因之一GA20ox-2转录水平。该技术体系中重组质粒标准品的制备方法具有很好的实用性;质粒标准品对基因GA20ox-2表达的实时定量准确、可靠、便捷。标准曲线表明,所建立的GA20ox-2基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,特异性好,灵敏度高,可达102拷贝;线性范围广,可达102～107拷贝;扩增效率高（E=100.3%）;稳定性、重复性好,可靠性高,批内和批间变异系数仅分别为0.12%～0.31%和0.21%～0.34%;循环阈值与PCR 体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系（^r＝0.999）,可对GA20ox 2基因表达进行准确实时定量。     

水稻低丰度表达基因OsAMT1;3实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立及其应用

采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,通过使用特异引物,对水稻中的低丰度表达基因OsAMT1;3进行了转录水平上的定量分析,成功建立了可检测低丰度表达基因的SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR技术平台。该方法具有很好的准确性和实用性。获得的荧光定量PCR扩增曲线,基线平整,指数区明显,斜率大且固定;线性范围广,17～36个循环都能测出;稳定性、重复性好,变异系数仅为0.47%;标准曲线表明,循环阈值与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值之间有着良好的线性关系,可对基因表达进行相对定量;缺氮条件下OsAMT1;3 与纯NH4+处理相比表达量增加4倍以上。     

半夏凝集素基因对小麦的遗传转化研究

为了拓宽农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化的受体基因型,同时改良小麦品种的抗蚜特性,以甘肃省主推春小麦品种陇春22和优良品系9614的幼胚为转基因受体材料,以预培养4d的幼胚愈伤组织为受体,以含有半夏凝集素基因的C58c1农杆菌菌株为供体,将重组质粒pBI pta导入小麦,建立了农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化体系。经G418 25mg.L-1抗性筛选、PCR检测共获得转基因植株7株,其中9614的4株,陇春22的3株;采用荧光定量PCR分析得出转基因植株中单拷贝的有1株,2个拷贝的1株,3个拷贝和4个拷贝的各有2株,1株没有得到扩增。对整合有2个拷贝半夏凝集素基因的陇春22-20转基因小麦的T1代植株进行了PCR检测,其中有50%的植株扩增出目的基因,50%没有扩增出目的基因,初步说明T1代植株中外源基因得到了遗传。     

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的优化及应用

选用茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)基因组中序列特异性很高的p16基因为目标基因,通过设计引物、PCR扩增、目的片段与载体连接转化获得含p16基因的重组质粒进行测序,进而以经测序鉴定的p16基因的PCR纯化产物作为实时荧光定量PCR标准品模板,稀释后建立SYBR Green I荧光定量标准曲线,统计分析显示标准品浓度的对数值与Ct值之间存在良好的线性关系(R2=0.9981)。该方法的检测灵敏度为102,扩增产物形成单一的特异性熔解峰,组内组间变异系数均小于3%。同时分别对含有其他茶树害虫病毒和不同浓度的茶尺蠖病毒产品的样品进行检测,能明确样品中是否含有EoNPV及含量。根据已建立的方法对感染病毒后不同时间段的茶尺蠖幼虫进行检测,每克幼虫样本内p16基因拷贝数的增殖倍数对数值与感染时间呈正相关(R2=0.9935),可以获得茶尺蠖幼虫感染病毒后不同时间的增殖动态。上述结果表明,该方法能定性定量鉴定茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒,可用于茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒类生物农药的检测和感染过程检测。     

茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的优化及应用

选用茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒(EoNPV)基因组中序列特异性很高的p16基因为目标基因,通过设计引物、PCR扩增、目的片段与载体连接转化获得含p16基因的重组质粒进行测序,进而以经测序鉴定的p16基因的PCR纯化产物作为实时荧光定量PCR标准品模板,稀释后建立SYBR Green I荧光定量标准曲线,统计分析显示标准品浓度的对数值与Ct值之间存在良好的线性关系(R2=0.9981)。该方法的检测灵敏度为102,扩增产物形成单一的特异性熔解峰,组内组间变异系数均小于3%。同时分别对含有其他茶树害虫病毒和不同浓度的茶尺蠖病毒产品的样品进行检测,能明确样品中是否含有EoNPV及含量。根据已建立的方法对感染病毒后不同时间段的茶尺蠖幼虫进行检测,每克幼虫样本内p16基因拷贝数的增殖倍数对数值与感染时间呈正相关(R2=0.9935),可以获得茶尺蠖幼虫感染病毒后不同时间的增殖动态。上述结果表明,该方法能定性定量鉴定茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒,可用于茶尺蠖核型多角体病毒类生物农药的检测和感染过程检测。     

茶树新梢不同叶片中β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-樱草糖苷酶基因表达的实时定量PCR分析

在建立茶树基因表达绝对定量实时PCR检测方法后,检测了龙井43新梢不同部位叶片中的β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-樱草糖苷酶基因的表达情况,结果表明β-葡萄糖苷酶在一芽五叶新梢的第四叶中表达活性最高,为2.86E+08拷贝/μl,第四叶>第三叶>第五叶>第二叶>一芽一叶;而β-樱草糖苷酶基因在一芽一叶中最高,为4.31E+06拷贝/μl,一芽一叶>第二叶>第三叶>第四叶>第五叶。与茶叶香气密切相关两个基因在茶树不同部位的叶片中表达量和表达类型存在明显差异。本实验建立的实时荧光定量PCR可有效地用于茶树基因表达的定量分析。     

无芒稗质体ACCase基因Real-time PCR定量方法的建立

为研究一种抗精喹禾灵无芒稗的抗药性机理，建立了一种以β-actin为内参基因利用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定抗性无芒稗质体ACCase基因相对表达水平的方法。分析结果表明，设计的实时定量引物特异性非常好，内参基因、目的基因的扩增效率分别为103.2％、104.3％，线性相关系数分别为0.993 0、0.991 2，完全满足Real-time PCR定量方法的要求。所建立的无芒稗质体型ACCase基因 Real-time PCR定量方法将为研究质体型ACCase基因的表达和杂草对ACCase抑制剂的抗药性机制     

利用qPCR法检测OsPIMT1转基因水稻中的外源片段拷贝数

水稻转化过程中,多个拷贝数整合到基因组中影响遗传稳定性和基因表达。传统的Southern杂交检测法鉴定费时费力,不适合目前高通量和自动化的检测要求。因此研究通过比较定量除草剂草铵膦抗性基因(bar)和甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶GAPDH2,建立了基于实时荧光定量PCR的拷贝数检测法。利用此体系对9个独立的异天冬氨酸甲基转移酶OsPIMT1转基因T0代植株进行了荧光定量分析,其中6个为单拷贝,3个为双拷贝,经过Southern杂交和分离比分析验证,表明该方法能够快速,准确的鉴定水稻含有草铵膦抗性基因的水稻转基因植株。     

富含多糖甜玉米幼穗RNA提取及高温胁迫基因表达分析

以改良Trizol试剂法从富含多糖的甜玉米幼穗中提取高质量、完整的总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR对高温胁迫下粤甜13雌穗发育的8个差异表达基因进行分析。结果表明,8个基因分为上调表达和下调表达,实时荧光定量PCR和测序法基因表达谱检测的基因上调或下调表达的趋势一致,上调表达基因ZM2G058057和下调表达基因ZM2G059964、ZM2G044670相对表达量较高,可能在高温胁迫影响甜玉米幼雌穗发育过程中起更重要的作用。     

马铃薯环腐病菌Real-time Taqman-PCR检测体系的建立

本研究根据环腐病菌16S rRNA保守序列设计特异性引物及探针,建立了马铃薯环腐病菌实时定量荧光PCR检测体系。研究表明,该体系可以准确、稳定、定量的检测出样品中最低浓度为1fg·μL-1(即3.21×103copies·μL-)1的目的基因,检测极限可以达到几个拷贝。该检测体系可对马铃薯环腐病菌进行微量检测,对于保证马铃薯各级种薯、商品薯及其相关产品的质量,提高市场竞争力具有重要意义。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.