棉种的选留与贮藏技术措施

搞好棉种选留、贮藏，防止棉花品种混杂退化，保持其优良特性，是来年取得优质高产的关键措施。不同生态的棉区，一般都会结合当地的生产实践．选留在本地区有产量和质量优势的棉花当家品种。无病棉区会选用常规的丰产品种。枯黄萎病严重的棉区，会选用抗病品种。棉铃虫多发区．会选用既抗病又抗虫的棉种。但选好了优良的当家棉种．并不等于就有了优良的棉种质量。各地棉区当家品种选定之后．仍要认真把好质量检验和贮藏关。留种不严，使品种纯度、     

不同药剂处理棉种对棉苗的影响

不同药剂处理棉种对棉苗的影响郑仁富何水清（浙江省常山县农业局３２４２００）根据多年实践，棉花苗期病害非常严重，不但每个畈会发生，而且几乎每块田，每畦都会发生，轻的会造成缺株少苗，严重的部分棉田基本死的差不多，极大地影响棉花面积稳定，产量和品质的提高，...     

四个栽培棉种叶片色素腺体分布比较

本研究比较分析了4个栽培棉种共12份材料的叶片色素腺体的分布规律，发现除草棉以外，其它3个栽培棉种叶片的色素腺体密度从植株上部到下部均逐渐降低；同一叶片上不同位置的色素腺体密度也不一致，其中叶尖色素腺体密度最高。棉花的叶片色素腺体密度在不同棉种及同一棉种不同材料之间差异较大，遗传多样性比较丰富，有助于棉花遗传改良上的利用。     

不同储存年限对棉种发芽率及幼苗生长的影响

为探索储存0～3年棉种对棉花发芽、出苗和生长的影响，2017―2018年在室内开展发芽试验，在新疆兵团第一师12团和10团试验地开展田间试验。结果表明，同年生产种子相比，储存1～2年的种子比当年种子的发芽率高，前期出叶快，茎秆粗壮，生长稳健，纤维品质好，综合性状好。当年棉种比隔年棉种产量高，储存3年的棉种发芽率、生长势降低，产量最低。不同年份产棉种试验结果比较可见，种子本身质量的差异大于储存年限的差异。故用同年产的同一棉种做多年试验将取得棉种储存年限发芽率和出苗率更为准确的结果。     

我国棉花种子产业化现状及其发展对策

棉花种子产业化作为农业产业化的基础与有机组成部分,是我国棉业实现可持续发展的必由之路。棉花种子实行产业化经营,其实质就是棉种生产工业化、营销商业化。本文从我国棉业宏观着眼,运用产业组织学、经济学、管理学等理论与分析方法,论述了我国棉种业经营系统的环境、结构、缺陷等问题,以改善及优化系统结构与功能,并就可行渠道与途径作了探索。     

中国棉花科技进步30年

从阐述30年来我国棉业发展开始,着重表述我国棉花科学技术的巨大进展.主要是棉花品种改良与棉种产业化、棉花种植区划与耕作制度改革、棉花种植技术、棉花病虫害防治、生物技术的应用、基础工作与研究等方面.最后论及向现代化棉业迈进.     

转Bt基因抗虫杂交棉花种子质量鉴定方法与实践

棉花是重要的经济作物,我国是世界上主要产棉国之一,棉种质量的真假、好坏直接影响棉花产量和棉农收入。目前,长江流域棉区棉农用种基本上以杂交一代为主。由于一代种的生产成本是常规或杂交二代种子的20倍以上,同时,也因为棉种质量鉴定的周期长、成本高、难度大,故导致部分企业长期以二代（或常规）种冒充一代种。不仅给农业生产安全带来隐患,给农民造成经济损失,也造成了棉种市场的恶性竞争,使优质真实的杂交一代种在价格上失去竞争力。     

冀鲁豫棉区棉种质量状况及改进措施

近年来冀鲁豫棉区棉种质量合格率较低，成为影响棉花生产的一个重要因素。本文从原（良）种繁育、耕作方式、种子加工和质量控制几个方面对棉种质量问题进行了分析，并提出建好棉种繁育基地、搞好种子加工、实行统一供种、加强监督检验和实现棉种产业化等若干提高冀鲁豫棉区棉种质量的建议与措施。     

中棉所63在江西彭泽棉船镇的超高产栽培技术

长江流域棉区的江西彭泽县棉船镇棉花生产水平历年较高,棉花产量普遍在4500～5250kg/hm2。2009年中棉种业科技股份有限公司在棉船镇复排村连片种植3.33hm2中棉所63,每hm2密度16665株,平均单株结铃57个,总铃数94.5万个,单铃重6.3g左右,     

棉种质量事故的成因及治理对策

盐城市常年植棉面积在 2 0万公顷 ,产量在 1 7万吨 ,占全国总产的 1 /2 5 ,发展棉花生产是调优农业生产结构 ,做强农业的重要举措。棉种是棉花生产的基础 ,当前频发的棉种质量事故 ,影响了棉种生产、经营秩序 ,造成植棉者经济效益受损 ,影响社会稳定 ,严重威胁棉花生产。1棉种质量事故的发生特点1 .1热销的年份种子事故多一般棉花生产大发展和棉种市场走俏的年份 ,容易出现质量事故。事故性质一是假冒 ,以其它种子冒充热销品种的种子 ;二是质量次 ,种子质量不达标 ,或者出苗差 ,如 2 0 0 1年从山东调进抗虫杂交棉“美棉抗虫王”,出苗率仅 30…     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.