新疆机采棉加工中短纤维率变化分析

为了研究新疆机采棉加工工艺对棉花短纤维率的影响，围绕典型的新疆机采棉加工工艺，在昌吉回族自治州（昌吉）和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州（巴州）各选1条工艺相同的生产线，从籽棉垛（货场）、轧花前、皮棉清理前、打包前等环节取样测试，探讨新疆机采棉加工过程中棉花短纤维率的变化规律。结果：新疆机采棉加工工艺中的籽棉清理环节会降低棉花短纤维率（重量） a，对短纤维率（根数）没有影响；轧花环节会增加短纤维率（重量）、短纤维率（根数）；皮棉清理环节会产生新的短纤维，也会清理掉一部分短纤维，短纤维率（重量）降低，短纤维率（根数）在昌吉和巴州2条生产线的变化趋势相反。认为：以此定量分析结果为参考依据，在新疆机采棉加工中应重视轧花机、皮棉清理机的操作使用，做到因花配车，减少棉纤维长度损失，降低棉花短纤维率，提高新疆机采棉加工质量。     

新疆机采棉加工过程中棉花品质变化分析

为了掌握新疆机采棉加工中棉花品质变化趋势，依据现有的棉花加工工艺，设计了试验方案，对新疆机采棉加工中的不同工序点棉花品质进行取样、测试、统计，并采用数据分析方法，对不同工艺环节的棉花品质变化进行了分析。随着加工工艺的推进，棉花反射率、黄色深度上升，棉纤维长度下降。     

新疆机采棉加工过程中颜色级的变化趋势研究

分别在2017年和2019年选取有工艺代表性的新疆机采棉加工生产线,在各加工环节前后分别取样,采用HVI大容量棉花纤维测试仪检测各棉样反射率（Rd）、黄色深度（＋b）和颜色级,分析新疆机采棉加工过程中颜色级及其相关指标的变化趋势,从而为优化棉花加工工艺和加工过程质量控制提供依据。结果显示,随着棉花加工过程的推进,Rd、＋b出现波动,总体呈上升趋势,棉花的加工有助于颜色级的提升。认为：籽棉清理有助于颜色级的提升,轧花会导致颜色级的降低,气流皮棉清理、一道锯齿皮棉清理对颜色级尤其是＋b有利,二道锯齿皮棉清理对颜色级有负面影响。     

新疆哈克尼西棉新不育系和恢复系主要性状配合力分析

本文采用7×3不完全双列杂交分析法，对新转育的哈克尼西棉不育系、恢复系的纤维品质性状和产量配合力及遗传力进行分析。结果表明：籽棉产量、断裂比强度主要受加性效应影响，铃重主要受非加性效应影响，衣分、皮棉产量、纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率、黄度受加性和非加性效应共同影响，以加性效应为主；籽棉产量、皮棉产量、纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率、黄度中母本基因型贡献率高。不育系选育应从提高衣分、品质性状着手合理配组，实现育种目标。亲本A1、R3的多数性状一般配合力效应高，A1×R3的组配品质性状特殊配合力效应较好，产量性状表现突出。     

新疆早熟植棉区机采棉和手摘棉纤维品质比较

通过比较分析机采棉和手采棉的纤维品质,发现新疆早熟植棉区机采棉纤维长度较手摘棉差1mm,断裂比强度较手摘棉差1.08cN·tex-1,短纤维率高于手摘棉,棉花主体品级为3级,较手摘棉低1级。由此提出在新疆早熟植棉区应加强断裂比强度高、纤维长、马克隆值适中的机采棉品种选育,以提升新疆早熟植棉区机采棉纤维品质。     

2021年度新疆阿克苏地区细绒棉品质分析

对2021年度（棉花年度,下同）的新疆阿克苏地区细绒棉仪器化公证检验数据进行统计,分析了细绒棉纤维颜色级、长度、马克隆值、断裂比强度、长度整齐度指数、轧工质量等主要指标,并比对了2019年度、2020年度、2021年度各指标变化趋势,以真实反映阿克苏地区细绒棉品质状况。总体来看,2021年度阿克苏地区细绒棉长度、马克隆值B级以上占比较前2年有较大提升,颜色级白棉3级及以上细绒棉占比较前2年有所降低,断裂比强度指标高于2019年度、低于2020年度,长度整齐度指数及轧工质量变化不大。     

如何提高机采棉的加工质量

目前,我国人工采摘子棉加工的皮棉总体质量较好,而机采棉的质量不太乐观.具体表现在含杂较高,水分偏大,并且一致性差.采收的子棉必须通过烘干后加工,并且经过多道清理工序后,才能清除大量的杂质.由于工艺流程长,棉纤维经过多次的机械钩拉,损伤加大,短纤维增多,容易产生大量的棉结,皮棉整体质量下降.     

种植模式对棉花农艺及产量和品质的影响

通过设置常规模式（行距（66＋10）cm）和等行密植模式（行距76 cm）2种机采棉种植模式，调查了2种种植模式棉花生长发育、产量、纤维品质和含杂等关键指标。结果表明，等行密植模式生育期比常规模式早3 d左右，在盛花期比常规模式果枝和开花果枝多了0.5个和1个。与常规模式比，等行密植模式机采籽棉的纤维长度、断裂比强度分别提高了0.4 mm和0.4 cN·tex^－1，加工皮棉纤维长度、断裂比强度分别提高了0.2 mm和0.3 cN·tex^－1，并且在一定程度上降低了含杂率。因此，等行密植模式具有一定的推广前景。     

国审棉新品种邯棉6101的优良特性分析

为了更全面的描述棉花新品种邯棉6101的品种特性,对邯棉6101在国家黄河流域棉区中熟常规品种区域试验及生产试验、河北省棉花品种区域试验及生产试验中得出的数据进行分析.结果 表明(河北省和国家区域试验的结果平均),邯棉6101第一果枝节位6.5节、单株结铃数18.1个、单铃重6.3 g、籽指11.9g和衣分39.3％;枯萎病病指6.39,黄萎病病指21.7,抗枯萎病,耐黄萎病;纤维上半部平均长度29.7 mm,断裂比强度32.8 eN/tex,马克隆值5.3,整齐度指数84.8％,纺纱均匀指数146;平均籽棉、皮棉和霜前皮棉产量分别为4179.55 kg/hm2、1637.58 kg/hm2、1471.98 kg/hm2.邯棉6101具有品种特性表达稳定、抗病性突出、纤维品质优良以及高产稳产的特征.     

西北内陆棉区棉花含杂率调查与研究

针对现行国家标准规定的棉花含杂率标准值不能够准确反映我国实际棉花含杂率现状的问题,课题组制定调研方案,通过对西北内陆棉区手摘棉和机采棉不同轧花工艺的棉花进行取样、测试、统计其含杂率样本,采用SPSS统计分析软件,计算样本均值与标准差,分析含杂率样本的集中趋势和离散趋势。对样本进行K-S检验,判断样本是否符合正态分布;对于符合正态分布的样本,计算样本的偏度与峰度,分析样本分布形态与标准正态分布形态的差异。通过分析,确定了西北内陆棉区手摘棉棉花含杂率样本均值为1.124%,机采棉棉花含杂率样本均值为1.184%。在西北内陆棉区,虽然子棉加工前棉花含杂率差异较大,但在不同的轧花工艺作用下,加工后的棉花含杂率基本一致。此外,在手摘棉轧花工艺中,皮棉清理对棉花含杂率的降低起主导作用;在机采棉轧花工艺中,子棉清理对棉花含杂率的降低起主导作用。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.