赣北棉区棉花种植方式与密度组合比较试验

试验采用以种植方式、种植密度及移栽（或播种）时间为因素的组合随机区组设计,共18个处理,探讨赣北棉区棉花最佳种植方式及密度。结果表明：营养钵育苗移栽的产量、收益及纯收益均显著高于基质育苗移栽与精准直播,后两者的产量、收益相当;营养钵育苗移栽的总投入成本比基质育苗移栽及精准直播的都高,尤其人工成本费用更高;基质育苗移栽和精准直播的生产总投入成本相差不大;赣北棉区适当提前育苗移栽时间和增加田间种植密度,有利于棉花早发丰产。     

赣北棉区地膜移栽棉的关键栽培技术

为了解决赣北棉区棉花迟发问题，进一步挖掘棉花增产潜力，在全面普及营养钵双膜覆盖育苗、争早苗壮苗的基础上，引用了地膜移栽技术，以实现壮苗早发、优质高产。１地膜移栽在赣北棉区示范的反映从两年示范推广的情况看，棉花地膜移栽是一项优势明显、缺点突出的栽培技术...     

苏沿海棉区杂交棉营养钵育苗全壮苗技术商榷

江苏沿海棉区是我国棉田面积集中的主产棉区之一,栽培方式为营养钵育苗移栽,种植的品种95%以上是杂交棉,在棉区内为节约用种成本凡杂交棉播种皆一钵播一粒棉种.加之沿海棉区播种育苗阶段的生态条件又差于内地棉区.     

鄂北棉区麦后移栽棉品种筛选试验与栽培技术

从全国各地育种单位引进优良常规棉材料184份,以杂交棉品种为对照,在鄂北棉区进行棉花麦后移栽适宜常规棉品种筛选试验,了解其丰产性、抗逆性和适应性,从而筛选出22个适合鄂北棉区推广的麦后移栽常规棉新品种;并总结出实用性的配套栽培技术,为广大棉农科学植棉提供参考。     

长江下游麦(油)棉两熟棉花高产优质栽培技术规程

根据长江下游棉区的土壤、气候、种植制度等因素,提出了长江下游麦(油)棉两熟区转基因抗虫杂交棉优质高产栽培适用的品种、育苗移栽、施肥、化学调控、化学除草、病虫害防治的技术要求.     

新疆杂交棉的适宜密度试验

西北内陆棉区是典型的矮密早种植,常规棉播种量60～90kg.hm-2,收获株数24万株.hm-2。2001年新疆建设兵团农五师从河南省农科院引进标杂A1杂交棉试种成功后,2004-2006年,连续创造了北疆棉花的高产新记录。2007年新疆建设兵团杂交棉面积超过5.3万公顷,虽然采用了精量点播技术,但大多数还是常规棉矮密早栽培的密度,18万～24万株.hm-2,用种量22.5～30kg.hm-2。杂交棉增产潜力大,但制种成本高,如果仍以“矮密早”方式种植,用种量就成为杂交棉在西北棉区大面积推广的首要限制因子。而且,如果过分密植,杂交棉长势旺、生育进程快、株型高大、结铃性…     

两种微肥对油棉两熟棉田土壤的改良效果

江西赣北棉区近十几年来普遍实行的是油棉两熟制棉田采取“板地”双移栽,棉地长期得不到翻耕,土壤状况恶化,施用“双效中微肥王”和“天丰生物固氮肥”对油棉两熟棉田土壤改良有较好的效果,且能增强棉纤维品质,提高产量。     

赣北棉区普及棉花穴盘育苗移栽技术的可行性分析

棉花轻简化穴盘育苗移栽技术是一种新型的棉花工厂化育苗、人工或机械化移栽技术,具有轻型简化,省种、省工、省力、省时、省地和苗床成苗率高、移栽成活率高和高产等"三高五省"的效果,成功地接替了棉花营养钵育苗移栽技术。文中对这一技术在赣北棉区的应用程度、技术保障、市场需求和效益分析方面进行了可行性分析,表明该技术在赣北棉区的普及应用将有利于棉花产业的节本增收,实现农业生产的现代化。     

江苏省沿海地区杂交棉高产栽培技术

江苏沿海地区 2 0 0 4年种植杂交棉 2 0万公顷 ,占棉田的近 90 %,平均皮棉产量达 1 5 60 kg· hm-2 ,生产上推行了低密度、大个体、优群体的技术途径 ,栽培中推广了经近几年总结和系统研究制定的杂交棉栽培技术。适用于沿海地区中上等肥力间套作棉田和接茬棉田及生态条件相似棉区的育苗移栽杂交棉。1群体与产量结构密度 :中等肥力棉田每公顷 3万株左右 ,上等肥力棉田 2 .7万株左右 ;单株果节 90～ 1 0 0个 ,每公顷果节 2 70万个左右 ;单株成铃数 35个左右 ,每公顷总铃数 95万个以上。三桃比例 :伏前桃 1 0 %左右 ,伏桃 5 5 %左右 ,早秋桃 2 …     

鄂北棉区麦后移栽棉适宜播期与密度研究

针对鄂北棉区麦后移栽棉生产中存在的播种过早或过迟,种植密度过稀等问题开展的麦后移栽棉的播种期和密度筛选试验。结果表明：鄂北棉区麦后移栽棉的适宜播种期为4月20旨-4月30日,适宜密度为27000～31500株／hm^2。在适宜的播种期和密度下,麦后移栽棉纤维品质符合纺织工业要求。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.