阜新地区马铃薯全程机械化栽培技术初报和效益分析

阜新位于辽宁省的西北部,光照时间充足,无霜期长,适宜马铃薯生长。近几年的实践证明,在当地种植上茬马铃薯、下茬西兰花等蔬菜效益显著。而且能够实现全程钡械化,既减少人工投入,又能提高生产效率。文中主要对阜新地区马铃薯全程机械化栽培技术做了阐述,对马铃薯下茬复种效益进行分析。     

早稻—秋黄瓜—花耶菜高产高效栽培技术

随着种植产业结构调整,耕作制度朝着优质高效的方向发展。南平市延平区炉下镇农技站于2008—2011年连续3 a开展了早稻—秋黄瓜—花耶菜一年三茬种植模式试验推广,取得较好的经济效益,每667m2土地年产值超万元。总结了早稻—秋黄瓜—花耶菜一年三茬种植模式的高产栽培技术。     

宣化县试种东农303马铃薯的总结

<正> 1988年河北省宣化县试种东农303马铃薯获得成功,最高亩产达2981公斤,比对照品种男爵丰收增产49～66.3％。东农303收获后,下茬移栽秋菜花,两茬合计亩收入     

湖洼地夏大豆迎茬种植对产量的影响及栽培技术

湖洼地秋作物较适宜夏大豆种植。实践证明，夏大豆迎茬种植较正茬减产幅度和对性状影响均较大。通过培能地力，深松土壤等一系列栽培措施，较好地解决了迎茬所造成的减产问题，从而使夏大豆迎茬种植获得高产。     

秋延迟鲜食花生的生产与加工研究

根据不同前茬作物的收获时间,对秋延迟鲜食花生生产进行了研究,结果表明,在山东省胶东半岛地区,秋延迟鲜食花生7月中旬或下旬播种,产量在3067.35～3250.05kg/hm2,纯收入在5554.32～90250.20元/hm2.探讨了秋延迟鲜食花生的几种加工方法.     

甜菜秋栽越冬采种的合理轮作倒茬

鲁南在北纬34～35°,是甜菜秋栽露地越冬采种的最佳越冬带。甜菜秋栽越冬采种,其产质量均优于传统窖藏春栽法。成熟期8～10天,给后茬作物早播种、延长生育期、提高单位面积产量创造有利条件。甜菜秋栽越冬采种,一般单产在200kg,高者达350～400kg。     

稻草覆盖量对早稻茬免耕秋玉米光合特性的影响

对不同稻草覆盖量下早稻茬免耕秋玉米光合生理指标测定的结果表明：稻草覆盖能增强玉米光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和提高叶片水分利用率,且随着稻草覆盖量的增加而增加。覆盖稻草量在9000～12000 kg／hm^2可达到改善秋玉米光合特性的效果。     

秸秆还田与覆膜对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育的影响

试验研究秸秆还田对不同覆膜时期的全膜双垄沟播玉米生长发育与土壤理化特性的影响。结果表明,经秸秆还田后全膜双垄沟播耕层土壤养分含量变化依次表现为整株还田>秸秆粉碎>免耕留茬,不同覆膜时间对土壤养分变化影响不明显;秸秆还田土壤容重明显降低但免耕留茬一膜两年用处理土壤容重增大。在玉米生育前期经秸秆还田后的土壤温度与水分均显著低于对照,其株高、茎粗与叶面积均小于对照;在玉米生育后期秸秆腐解后对土壤水分起到一个补偿效应。玉米产量表现为秋覆膜整株秸秆还田>顶凌覆膜整株秸秆还田>秋覆膜秸秆粉碎还田>顶凌覆膜秸秆粉碎还田>免耕留茬一膜两年用,秸秆还田后玉米产量较对照有增产趋势,而免耕留茬一膜两年用有减产倾向,但处理间差异不显著。     

不同微波强度对鲜切西兰花品质的影响

以鲜切西兰花为试材,采用40%P0(320 W)、60%P0(480 W)2种火力分别处理鲜切西兰花1、4、6 s,在室温条件下(18~20℃)贮藏7 d,研究不同微波处理对鲜切西兰花感官品质、失重率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸含量(TA)、维生素C含量(Vc)、叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明:微波处理可明显提高鲜切西兰花的感官品质,降低鲜切西兰花贮藏期间的呼吸强度和失重率,减缓可滴定酸、抗坏血酸含量的下降。其中,480 W微波处理4 s、320 W微波处理6 s保鲜效果最明显,常温下能延长鲜切西兰花的货架期2 d。     

粘壤麦茬玉米免耕制的变化

粘壤地小麦后茬玉米免耕制常使其产量降低,已成为在Ｏｎｔｒｉｏ地区减少运用免耕制的一个主要因素。本文目的是确定粘壤小麦后茬玉米在保持耕作和小麦残茬管理方面对其出苗、生长产量有益的条件。１９９４年１９９５年在Ｏｎｔａｒｉｏ两个地点评价了７种耕作与残茬管理体系（秋翻耕、深松耕串列式耙茬、带状耕作、免耕裸地、免耕秸秆打捆与不打捆覆盖）。秋季带状耕作作减少了土壤表面小麦残茬量。晚秋留在带状耕作、免耕打捆和不     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。