假眼小绿叶蝉的日飞行活动性及成虫飞行能力的研究

茶树假眼小绿叶蝉（Empoasca vitis Göthe）在早晨和傍晚各有一个飞行活动高峰,早晨的活动高峰时间为6:00~7:00,傍晚的活动高峰时间为16:00~17:00。假眼小绿叶蝉成虫的平均飞行距离、平均飞行时间和平均飞行速度在一天之中不同的时间段下无显著性差异,但雌雄成虫的平均停飞时间在晚上（22:00~23:00）显著增加,在中午（12:00~13:00）雄虫的平均停飞时间显著要长于雌虫。研究结果为假眼小绿叶蝉的生物特征分析和田间防治提供了参考。     

椰子织蛾种群繁殖特征

本文研究了椰子织蛾Opisina arenosella Walker种群繁殖的特征。2015年每月从儋州市野外采集椰子织蛾,收集当天羽化的成虫,记录成虫的产卵前期、单雌产卵量、卵的孵化率、初孵幼虫数以及成虫寿命。结果表明:1月份的气温最低,雌成虫的产卵前期最长,为(3.00±0.21)d;5、6月气温最高,产卵前期次之;其他月份的产卵前期较短。11月份椰子织蛾的单雌产卵量最高,为(231.07±19.55)粒;3、4、7、8、9、10月份的产卵量次之;1、2、5、6、12月份的单雌产卵量最低。1月份(低温)椰子织蛾卵的孵化率最低,为(2.70±2.01)%;2—12月份椰子织蛾卵的孵化率差异不显著。1月份的初孵幼虫数最少,为(4.17±2.94)头;5、6月份的较少,分别为(54.04±8.18)、(52.31±10.81)头;3月份的最多,为(87.89±14.94)头。低温使成虫的寿命延长;各月雌成虫的寿命短于雄成虫的寿命;5、6月份雄成虫的平均寿命分别为(7.08±0.68)、(7.67±0.84)d,雌成虫的平均寿命分别为(6.50±0.34)、(6.22±0.36)d,低于其他月份雌雄成虫的寿命。5、6月的高温会抑制种群的数量,是药剂防治的最佳时间。该研究为椰子织蛾的防治、预测预报等提供基础科学依据。     

茶尺蠖潜在飞行能力的研究

为探究茶尺蠖成虫的飞行扩散能力,本研究利用昆虫飞行信息系统,室内测定了茶尺蠖不同日龄、不同性别及交配前后成虫的飞行能力.结果表明,雌雄成虫均以2日龄的飞行能力最强,平均飞行距离分别达9.14 km和8.16 km,一次最远的飞行距离分别为2.56 km和1.93 km.雌成虫的飞行能力在3日龄时显著下降,雌雄成虫的飞行能力仅在3日龄时表现显著差异.交配对2日龄雌雄成虫的飞行能力无显著影响.     

茶刺蛾成虫的羽化昼夜节律

连续十天实验室内观察茶树重要害虫茶刺蛾成虫的羽化节律,结果表明,虽然整个光周期内都有成虫羽化,但是茶刺蛾雌雄成虫的羽化主要集中在每天的15:00~17:00这段时间内,呈现一个明显的高峰期。此外,雄成虫羽化高峰期相对雌成虫早1~2 h。表明茶刺蛾成虫的羽化具有内在的昼夜节律,同时雌雄成虫的羽化高峰期交替进行。     

专业户顾问 咨询三则

一、封园后及早春集中取食茶叶成斑痕和孔洞是什么虫子?答:是蓑蛾为害的,蓑蛾又名避债蛾、负袋虫,俗称吊子虫、布袋虫、吊袋虫、蓑衣虫等。它一生要经过卵→幼虫→蛹→成虫四个虫态变化。雄成虫有翅2对,足3对,雌成虫无翅无足,似蛆状。除雄成虫外,雌成虫及其他三个虫态均藏在自织的袋子里,这个袋子能防外物入侵,故称此袋为护囊。蓑     

豇豆荚螟雌雄蛾求偶交配行为及其影响因子研究

通过红外监控系统和野外观察实验研究豇豆荚螟雌雄蛾求偶交配规律及其影响因子.结果表明,豇豆荚螟交配时雌、雄蛾尾部交合在一起呈"一"字形,交配时间一般为75 min.雌雄蛾羽化24 h后性成熟,黄昏入夜时分开始活动,求偶交配大部分发生在夜间21:00～03:00时段内.雌雄蛾求偶高峰期出现在凌晨01:00～02:00时段内,次高峰期出现在22:00～23:00时段内;而交配高峰期出现在凌晨02:00～03:00时段内,次高峰期出现在23:00～00:00时段内.雌雄蛾求偶交配高峰的蛾龄期为4日龄.雌雄蛾求偶交配的最佳性比为1:1.其最适宜求偶交配温度为22℃,补充10%的蜂蜜水能明显促进雌雄蛾的求偶交配,豇豆花挥发物对雌雄蛾的求偶交配行为具有显著的促进作用.     

椰子木蛾生殖系统初步研究

椰子木蛾(Opisina arenosella Walker)是棕榈科植物的一种重要害虫。为阐明椰子木蛾成虫内外生殖系统结构以及卵巢发育,以显微解剖的方法,对其进行了研究。结果表明,椰子木蛾雄成虫内生殖系统由睾丸、贮精囊、输精管、双射精管、单射精管和附腺组成,外生殖系统由钩形突、颚形突、抱握器、阳茎轭片、阳茎和囊形突构成。雌成虫内生殖系统包括卵巢、侧输卵管、中输卵管、受精囊和生殖附腺,外生殖系统由产卵器、导精管和交配囊组成。雌性生殖系统的发育分为成熟待产期(Ⅰ级)、产卵初期(Ⅱ级)、产卵盛期(Ⅲ级)和产卵末期(Ⅳ级)4个级别。详细了解椰子木蛾成虫生殖系统结构特征,对其田间预测预报以及种间鉴定具有重要的指导意义。     

红棕象甲成虫对5种植物发酵挥发物的行为反应

利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了红棕象甲(Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)成虫对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)、椰子(Cocos nucifera)、假槟榔(Archontophoehix alexandra)、槟榔(Areca catechu)和菠萝(Ananas comosus)等5种植物发酵挥发物的选择行为.结果表明,红棕象甲成虫对不同植物发酵挥发物敏感性不同,对寄主植物的选择性显著高于非寄主植物菠萝,依次排序:甘蔗≈椰子>假槟榔≈槟榔>菠萝.雌成虫和雄成虫对椰子和甘蔗的行为反应同其他3种植物相比有更强的趋性,但雄成虫对假槟榔、槟榔和菠萝3种植物发酵挥发物的选择性无显著差异.甘蔗、椰子、假槟榔3种植物食物诱饵的田间诱捕试验结果表明,植物挥发物对红棕象甲聚集信息素具有极显著的增效作用(P<0.01).3种植物田间诱捕效果差异显著(P<0.05),依次为:甘蔗>椰子>假槟榔.不同食物诱饵诱捕的雌成虫数均多于雄成虫.     

巴氏新小绥螨对芒果茶黄蓟马的功能反应研究

为明确巴氏新小绥螨（Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes）本研究对芒果上茶黄蓟马（Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood）的控害潜能,在室内温度(27±1)℃、RH (75±5)%的条件下,研究了不同虫态巴氏新小绥螨对茶黄蓟马的捕食效能,并通过其瞬时攻击率（a）、处理时间（T_h）和捕食效能（a/T_h）等参数进行综合评价。结果表明:巴氏新小绥螨对茶黄蓟马的成虫、1龄和2龄若虫均可取食,并具有一定的捕食能力。随着猎物密度的增加,捕食螨日取食量逐渐增加,其中巴氏新小绥螨雌成螨和第2若螨对茶黄蓟马1龄若虫的捕食效能最大,每日分别达10.35、12.82头,而雄成螨对茶黄蓟马2龄若虫的捕食效能最大,为每日12.48头。巴氏新小绥螨的雌成螨和雄成螨均对茶黄蓟马的2龄若虫表现出最强的瞬时攻击率,分别为1.0227和1.1208,第2若螨则对茶黄蓟马的雌成虫表现出最大攻击率,为1.5774。     

茶尾尖蓑蛾的初步研究

笔者于1984年6月在皖南屯溪茶园中发现一种蓑蛾,根据其护囊的形态特征,暂称作茶尾尖蓑蛾(学名待定)。目前,我国已知的各种蓑蛾的成虫和蛹均系雌雄异态,甚至幼虫的雌雄形态也有差异。一般雄成虫具有双翅,善于飞翔,雌蛾则无翅、无足、呈蛆形,卵均产于雌虫护囊之内。而茶尾尖蓑蛾的幼虫、蛹及成虫均无雌雄异态现象,雌、雄成虫都有双翅,羽化后均飞出囊外交尾,产卵于枝叶上。这类雌雄同     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.