IBDV超强毒HZ株VP2基因的克隆和真核表达质粒的构建

利用反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ），扩增克隆传染性法低囊病病毒超强毒（ｖｖＩＢＤＶ）ＨＺ株ＶＰ２基因，并ＶＰ２基因进行全序列测定、序列分析和聚类分析，同时将ＶＰ２基因与真核表达载体ｐｃＮＤＡ３相连接。结果克隆到ＶＰ２基因全序列长１３５６ｂｐ，分析表明ＨＺ株与欧洲超强毒株ＵＫ６６１高度相似，同时将ＶＰ２基因正向插入ｐｃＤＮＡ３的ＣＭＶ启动子下游，得到了ＶＰ２基因的真核表达质粒。为ＩＢＤＶ分子流行病学和基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了物质基础。     

禽传染性支气管炎病毒免疫原基因的PCR获取及其酶切鉴定

分绍用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ（反转录－聚合酶链反应）获取禽传染性支气管炎病毒Ｍ４１株和广东地方致弱株Ｄ４１免疫原（Ｓ１）基因的详细方法，所用引物为ＩＢＶ Ｂｅａｕｄｅｔｔｅ株Ｓ１基因两侧的对应序列，跨幅为１．７ｋｂ，结果表明，两株病毒所获的ＰＣＲ产物与预期的一致；用此对引物，以ＩＢＶ Ｄ４１株Ｓ１基因ＰＣＲ产物为模板，扩增出一样的ＤＮＡ片段，试验还显示，国内外几家公司有关ＲＴ和ＰＣＲ的分子生物学试剂可以兼用     

新城疫病毒Ulster株血凝素-神经氨酸酶基因的克隆与鉴定

新城疫病毒Ｕｌｓｔｅｒ株经ＳＰＦ鸡胚增殖和超速离心纯化后，以酚－ＳＤＳ法提取其基因组ＲＮＡ，作为反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）的模板。根据其已发表的Ｆ和ＨＮ基因核苷酸序列，合成一个长为３０ｍｅｒ的寡核苷酸（位于Ｆ基因内）和一对分别长为２８、３０ｍｅｒ的寡核苷酸（位于ＨＮ基因两侧）分别作为反转录引物和ＰＣＲ引物。扩增反应产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析，出现一条长为１．９３ｋｂ的特异性条带，与预期相符。并将此特异性条带克隆入质粒载体ｐＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ（＋）中，并经限制性核酸内切酶分析（ＲＥＡ）。ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和ＲＥＡ结果证实其为新城疫病毒Ｕｌｓｔｅｒ株的血凝素－神经氨酸酶基因。     

马立克氏病病毒Ⅰ型疫苗毒克隆株pp38基因同源物的扩增和克隆

用ＰＣＲ技术,从马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）ＣＶ１９８８／Ｃ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出含起始密码子的ＭＤＶｐｐ３８基因同源物编码序列,在以Ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ标记的ｐｐ３８基因作为探针,在Ｓｏｕｌｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ中,该探针能识别该ＰＣＲ扩增片段。将该ＰＣＲ扩增片段在ＢａｍＨ Ｉ和ＰｓｔＩ位点克隆进ｐＵ１８质粒载体,酶切分析筛选到含ｐｐ３８基因同源物的重组质粒并进行了全序     

葡萄卷叶伴随病毒Ⅲ基因的克隆及序列分析

根据葡萄卷叶伴随病毒Ⅲ美国分离物的ＧＬＲａＶ－３ＣＰ基因序列,设计并合成了１对该病毒的ＰＣＲ引物,利用ＩＣ－ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ成功地检查到合适大小的ＰＣＲ产物;同时将ＰＣＲ产物克隆到中间载体ＰＧＥＭ－３Ｚｆ,转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α菌株,筛选阳性克隆。通过双酶切以及序列分析表明,扩增样品与美国分离物的同源性为９４．１％。     

烟草花叶病毒蚕豆分离物移动蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的ＴＭＶＵ１株系（ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１）的序列设计了特异性引物,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从烟草花叶病毒蚕豆分离物（ＴＭＶ－Ｂ）上扩增移动蛋白（ＭＰ＿基因及其邻近序列,将比ＣＤＮＡ片段克隆于ｐＢｌｕｓｃｒｉｐｔＳＫ质粒上,进行测序分析,结果表明ＭＰ基因由８０７个核苷酸组成,编码２６８个氨基酸,与ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１的ＭＰ基因序列比较,核苷酸序列及推导出的氨基酸序列的同源性的９９．０１和９８．８９％,与ＴＭＶ     

新城疫病毒融合蛋白基因片段的构建与鉴定

本文重缚和构建了新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）融合蛋白基因,并对该基因进行了鉴定,将新城疫病毒Ｆ基因片段经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增,插入经ＥｃｏＲＩ／ＳａｌＩ酶切的克隆载体ｐＵＣ１８及表达载体ｐＧＥＭＥＸ,转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９株,用氨苄青霉素平板法初步筛选克隆,再用双酶切法,核酸探针,ＰＣＲ及核苷酸序列分析法鉴定,表明插入成功并且阅读框架正确。     

犬冠状病毒RT—PCR检测方法的建立和初步应用

根据Ｗｅｓｅｌｉｎｇ发表的犬冠状病毒（ＣＣＶ）Ｋ３７８株纤突蛋白（Ｓ）基因序列，设计合成了４条寡聚核苷酸引物Ｐ１（１８ｂｐ，１５２０～１５３７ｂｐ）、Ｐ２（１９ｂｐ，２０７２～２０９０ｂｐ）和Ｐ３（２０ｂｐ，２６２１～２６４０ｂｐ）、Ｐ４（２０ｂｐ，２９４４～２９６３ｂｐ）。以此为引物，以从美国引进的ＣＣＶＮＬ－１８参考株反转录产物为模板，在国内首先建立了ＣＣＶＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法，并初步应用于国内ＣＣＶ分离株的鉴定。结果表明，以Ｐ１、Ｐ２和Ｐ３、Ｐ４为引物，只能从ＣＣＶＮＬ－１８株反转录产物中扩增出大小分别为５７１ｂｐ和３４３ｂｐ核苷酸片段，与理论设计值大小一致，而正常ＣＲＦＫ细胞和狂犬病等５种对照病毒扩增结果为阴性。ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ可检出１μＬ做１０５和１０３倍稀释的ＣＣＶＮＬ－１８株反转录产物，说明其具有很高的敏感性。初步应用试验结果，可从２株国内分离的ＣＣＶ反转录产物中扩增出５７１ｂｐ和３４３ｂｐ核苷酸片段。通过本研究不仅建立了敏感、特异的ＣＣＶＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测方法，也为其Ｓ基因的克隆和序列测定奠定了基础。     

番鸭细小病毒M91G27株VP3基因的克隆与序列测定

利用ＰＣＲ技术,从纯化番鸭细小病毒Ｍ９１Ｇ２７毒株鹅胚尿囊液中扩增出病毒结构多肽ＶＰ３基因。将该ＰＣＲ扩增片段克隆入ｐＵＣ１８质粒载体的ＨｉｎｃⅡ和ＳａｃⅠ位点之间,酶切分析筛选到含１．６ｋｂ基因片段的重组质粒ＭＰ１３。结果表明：该片段与国外已报道毒株核苷酸序列有９８．８％的同源性,氨基酸序列有９８．１％的同源性,证明该重组质粒是ＶＰ２基因的克隆。     

烟草花叶病毒蚕豆分离物移动蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的ＴＭＶ Ｕ１株系（ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１）的序列设计了特异性引物,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从烟 草花叶病毒蚕豆分离物（ＴＭＶ－Ｂ）上扩增移动蛋白（ＭＰ）基因及其邻近序列。将此ｃＤＮＡ片段克隆于 ｐＢｌｕｓｃｒｉｐｔ ＳＫ质粒上,进行测序分析。结果表明：ＭＰ基因由８０７个核苷酸组成,编码２６８个氨基酸。与 ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１的ＭＰ基因序列比较,核苷酸序列及推导出的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９９．０１％和 ９８．８９％。与ＴＭＶ－Ｙｕ的ＭＰ基因序列比较,同源性分别为９８．１４％和９８．８９％。说明ＴＭＶ的ＭＰ基因 在不同株系中是非常保守的。     

犬细小病毒YBYJ株的分离鉴定及VP2基因的序列分析

[目的]为分离犬细小病毒（CPV）.[方法]采集疑似CPV感染病死犬的组织病料,用胎猫肾细胞（F81）进行病毒分离,并对分离的病毒进行回归动物试验、间接免疫荧光（IFA）及VP2基因PCR扩增鉴定.[结果]经盲传3代后FS1出现明显细胞病变（CPE）,分离病毒可导致2～3月龄犬出现典型犬细小病毒病（CP）的临床症状和特征性病理变化,通过IFA观察到特异性的绿色荧光,PCR扩增到VP2基因全长为1 755 bp,编码584个氨基酸.它与国内外具有代表性的18株CPVVP2基因的核苷酸同源性为98.0％ ～ 99.8％,氨基酸同源性为96.1％ ～99.8％.[结论]用F81细胞成功分离到1株强毒CPV,命名为YBYJ株.     

犬细小病毒病的PCR临床诊断研究

建立犬细小病毒聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测方法,并应用于临床诊断.根据犬细小病毒基因保守序列设计一对特异性引物,扩增目的片段大小为448bp.用此引物扩增疫苗中的犬细小病毒和37份病料中的犬细小病毒,并与胶体金诊断试剂盒相对比.实验结果显示:该方法能从疫苗中和临床病料中扩增出犬细小病毒目的基因片段,与胶体金诊断试剂盒相比能克服免疫血清学诊断中的非特异性反应,具有快速、准确、灵敏度高的优点,完全适用于犬细小病毒病的临床诊断.     

犬细小病毒HL-01株的分离鉴定及VP2基因真核表达质粒的构建

从临床发病犬采集粪便样品,以F81传代细胞进行病毒分离,经血球凝集实验(HA)和血球凝集抑制实验(HI)初步鉴定为犬细小病毒。为进一步确诊,根据Genbank中已发表的犬细小病毒VP2基因序列设计并合成一对引物,通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出CPV VP2基因,酶切,测序加以鉴定。其序列与国际已发表的CPV-d(type 2)、CPV-1(5 type 2a)、CPV-3(9 type 2b)VP2序列同源性分别为98.97%,98.75%,98.69%,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为98.12%,97.60%,97.60%,从而证明此分离株为犬细小病毒。在获得VP2基因的基础上,为实现VP2蛋白的表达,构建了真核表达质粒pMel BacC-VP2。     

犬细小病毒巢式PCR诊断方法的建立及应用

[目的]以期建立犬细小病毒巢式PCR诊断方法.[方法]根据基因库已发表的CPV VP2基因序列设计二对巢式引物,以临床上疑似CPV感染的犬粪样品中提取的总DNA作为模板,用巢式PCR方法扩增出CPV VP2基因的目的条带.[结果]扩增出的目的基因与国际标准序列的同源性为99.3;～ 100;.特异性试验发现该引物不能启动犬其它常见病毒基因的扩增.敏感性试验表明该引物能检测到10-9的CPV总RNA量.重复性试验显示该引物具有良好的稳定性.对采集的26份样品进行CPV巢式PCR检测,20份样品为阳性,阳性率为76.9;.[结论]建立的CPV的RT - PCR检测方法可于临床CPV的快速诊断和小规模的分子流行病学调查.     

人工喂养幼虎体内细小病毒的分离与序列分析

[目的]鉴定人工喂养幼虎的病原及其序列特征。[方法]应用FPV特异引物对8只哈尔滨虎园人工喂养幼虎的肺组织进行PCR检测,应用猫肾细胞（F81）细胞对PCR检测阳性样品进行病毒分离,并进行序列分析。[结果]从8份样品中均扩增到761bp的核酸片段。进而应用F81细胞从其中的1份样品中分离获得1株猫细小病毒。VP2序列分析表明,该病毒与此前在该虎园分离获得的虎源猫细小病毒同源性高达99.8%。[结论]猫细小病毒对未接受母乳喂养的幼虎威胁严重,应加强对人工喂养幼虎的被动免疫预防。     

Experimental Researches on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

The chromosomal number variations & structural aberrations of the MDCK cell line, primary feline or canine kidney cell(FKC or CKC) and Hela cell line were investigated and their karyotypes of conventional chromosome bands were analyzed. The carcinogenesis or tumorigenicity testing of these cell lines in about 232 nude mice and for colony formation in soft agarose and for haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out. Under the prerequisite that the incidence of cancer or tumor in negative-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with primary feline or canine kidney cell cultures purified in vitro at passage 3 was 0 (0/22) and 0 (0/10), respectively. The incidence of the progressively-growing malignant tumor(MT) in positive-control nude mice inoculated subcutaneously with Hela cell cultures of KB, X, or NM20/X strain was 10/10, 25/25 and 5/51, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of tumor in nude mice with tetrapioid YA strain of MDCK cell during 20 - 45 passages, with hypodiploid JB strain of MDCK cell on passage 25, with di-and hypoploid JC strain of MDCK cell during 2 - 15passages or with hypoploid M strain of MDCK cell during 9 - 27 passages was 28/58, 1/5, 4/18 and 0/31,respectively. The chromosomal analysis results showed that the ratio of difference in the rate of modal chromosome number between high (mcs + n) and lowest (mcs)passages was not more than 5 % - 15 % and the structure aberrations was generally 0 - 3%. These results proved that the genetic characteristics of chromosomal number of cell lines determines their tumorigenicity, but it is species-specific. MDCK line has tumorigenicity no matter what its chromosome karyotype is, at least it has very low tumorigenicity even when its modal chromosome number is hypoploid. The repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of tumorigenicity-positive cell lines(X strain of Hela, M strain of BHK-21, JA strain of Vero, YA strain of MDCK) have much lower tumorigenicity or are even non-carcinogenesis, and the repeatedly frozen, thawed and split controls of very low tumorigenicity cell lines (M or JC strain of MDCK) are certainly non-carcinogenic and never have increased tumorigenicity.It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB or JC strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA strain can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of comattenuated viral vaccines. In summary, all strains of MDCK cell line have tunorigenicity, at least have low tumorigencity, never have non-cancinogenic MDCK, but very low tumorigenicity MDCK cell strains can certainly be used for the approval production of canine viral vaccines if the DNA content in viral cell cultures was remarkably decreased through conventional means in manufacturing process. Therefore, the master cell stock and working cell bank of MDCK line used for vaccine manufacture were established in China, which are free of infectious agents, and described with respect to cytogenetic characteristics and tumorigenicity. Tests showed that there were correlations among cell line chromosome number variations, anchorage independence in soft agarose, haemagglutination under plant lectins, and tumor-forming ability in nude mice, thus all the in vitro tests are economic, simple and reliable means for monitoring the tumor-forming ability of MDCK line in nude mice.     

长沙9个犬细小病毒毒株的分离与鉴定

从感染犬细小病毒(CPV)的长沙病犬粪便中分离CPV,采用同步接毒方式,将病毒悬液接种到猫肾细胞(F81),经PCR鉴定,从10份阳性样品中分离到9株CPV,血凝试验显示9株CPV均能凝集猪红细胞,血凝价均超过了27。为进一步分析CPV长沙毒株的VP2分子生物学特征及抗原变异规律,对9个CPV毒株的VP2基因进行克隆、测序及序列分析,结果表明:CPV长沙毒株与全国及世界各地CPV毒株相比,其VP2基因序列同源性超过97%,其VP2基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性超过94%;其VP2基因推导的氨基酸序列有独特的变异,且有独特变异的毒株在基因进化树上处于同一个分支。     

犬细小病毒VP_2基因原核表达载体的构建与分析

从犬细小病毒/犬瘟热进口二联苗中提取犬细小病毒基因组DNA,以此为模板进行PCR扩增,PCR产物经BamH I和XhoI双酶切后,克隆至pET22b(+)质粒的相应位点上,构建了原核表达载体pET22b/VP2.重组质粒经限制性内切酶酶切和核苷酸序列分析表明,VP2基因已正确克隆到pET22b(+)载体上,从而成功地构建了pET22b/VP2表达载体.     

抗犬瘟热病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

[目的]筛选出稳定分泌抗犬瘟热病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。[方法]用纯化的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经间接ELISA和有限稀释法克隆杂交瘤细胞。研究了杂交瘤细胞的稳定性和染色体数,测定了单克隆抗体的效价并鉴定其特异性和亚型。[结果]经反复筛选和亚克隆后,共获得3株能稳定分泌抗CDV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。3株单抗对CDV均有较高的特异性,与犬传染性肝炎病毒、犬细小病毒均不反应。3株杂交瘤细胞的腹水效价为1∶(8 000~128 000),细胞培养上清效价为1∶(256~512),染色体数为80~100。3株单克隆抗体重链均属于IgG1,轻链均属于κ链。[结论]该研究为研制CDV快速检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

Further Report on Carcinogenesis or Tumorigenicity of MDCK Canine Kidney Cell(CKC) Lines and Analysis of Their Chromosome Karyotypes

Using Hela cell cultures as positive control and primary canine kidney cell (CKC) or feline kidney cell (FKC) cultures purified in vitro on passage 3 as negative control, the tumorigenicity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was tested in ＞273 nude mice, and colony formation in soft agarose and haemagglutination under different concentration of plant lectins of these cells were carried out at the same time. Subsequently, very low tumorigenicity strains of MDCK line were successfully selected; these were evaluated for the production of canine or feline combination viral vaccines, free of infectious agents, and of known cytogenetic and tumorigenic. It is thus evident that MDCK cell of M, JB, JC, WB or H strain can be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines, but MDCK cell of YA, YB and KA strains can not be approved as substrate for the preparation of attenuated viral vaccines. The heritable character of these cell sub-lines is comparatively stable, and shows little significant difference between passages.