Structure of the hydrated alpha-Al(2)O(3) (0001) surface

The physical and chemical properties of the hydrated alpha-Al(2)O(3) (0001) surface are important for understanding the reactivity of natural and synthetic aluminum-containing oxides. The structure of this surface was determined in the presence of water vapor at 300 kelvin by crystal truncation rod diffraction at a third-generation synchrotron x-ray source. The fully hydrated surface is oxygen terminated, with a 53% contracted double Al layer directly below. The structure is an intermediate between alpha-Al(2)O(3) and gamma-Al(OH)(3), a fully hydroxylated form of alumina. A semiordered oxygen layer about 2.3 angstroms above the terminal oxygen layer is interpreted as adsorbed water. The clean alpha-Al(2)O(3) (0001) surface, in contrast, is Al terminated and significantly relaxed relative to the bulk structure. These differences explain the different reactivities of the clean and hydroxylated surfaces.     

脱落酸(Abscisic acid, ABA)对映异构体的生物活性比较

 采用新方法精制脱落酸(ABA)异构体试样,改变以往靠光学离析法分离racemic型(SR)-(±)-ABA,提高了(S)-(+)-ABA与(R)-(-)-ABA两镜像体纯度。抑制生长试验和残留量分析结果表明:天然型(S)-(+)-ABA活性,显着高于非天然型(R)-(-)-ABA或(SR)-(±)-ABA活性。抑制莴苣种子发芽50%的活性强度(S)-(+)-ABA约是(R)-(-)-ABA的5倍,(SR)-(±)-ABA介于二者之间。抑制萝卜下胚轴生长试验,最显着有效期2～6天,(6天后差异渐小,8日甚微),生理作用期约为一周,(S)-(+)-ABA活性是(R)-(-)-ABA的3.6倍。差异原因可能是两异构体分子立体结构不同所致。     

山西三点棍腹实蝇和具条实蝇种群动态监测

2006年,于山西的侯马、长治、交城、祁县、太原,在Steiner诱捕器内加T,Cue,Me诱剂诱集各种实蝇,监测山西境内实蝇的发生动态。结果表明,三点棍腹实蝇(Dacus(Callantra)trimacula(wang))和具条实蝇(Bactrocera(Zeugodacus)scutelltat(Hendel))是山西的优势实蝇种群,各诱集点两种实蝇种群动态基本一致,每年的6月底7月初由南到北相继发生,高峰期出现在8月中下旬至9月上中旬,种群消退结束于9月底到10月上旬。两种实蝇一年发生一代,种群羽化整齐。     

氮磷钾与茶叶品质关系的研究综述

茶叶是中国重要的经济作物,茶多酚、儿茶素、氨基酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物为国际上公认的茶叶品质成份。氮、磷、钾是茶树正常生长所必需的营养元素,它们与茶叶品质成分的形成与含量有着密切关系。适量的施氮对茶叶品质有较好的促进作用,施氮不足或过量则会对茶叶品质产生极大的不良影响;此外,茶树有喜铵耐铵的特性,施用NH4 -N肥有利于改善茶叶品质。磷能促进类黄酮物质的形成以及增加茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱的含量。钾能显著提高茶叶中的游离氨基酸、茶多酚等内含物的含量,对水浸出物、儿茶素等含量也有影响;不同钾肥品种对茶叶品质影响不同,就提高茶叶氨基酸的效果而言,以硫酸钾最好。氮、磷、钾三种元素配合施用对提高茶叶品质起到良好的效果,单施其中一种不仅无助于茶叶品质的提高,反而会使茶叶品质降低。     

三种长效磺胺药在水牛体内的代谢动力学

<正> 磺胺—5,6—二甲氧嘧啶(SDM')为人用的周效磺胺。在奶山羊体内的代谢动力学已进行了研究。磺胺—5—甲氧嘧啶(SMD)和磺胺—6—甲氧嘧啶(SMM、DS—36)亦为人用长效磺胺。SMM在鸡体内的分布、在牛、猪的血中浓度、血浆蛋白结合率如乙酰化率、对马和奶山羊体内的代谢动力学已进行了研究。     

Ultrafast mid-infrared response of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta)

Optical spectra of high-transition-temperature superconductors in the mid-infrared display a gap of in-plane conductivity whose role for superconductivity remains unresolved. Femtosecond measurements of the mid-infrared reflectivity of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) after nonequilibrium optical excitation are used to demonstrate the ultrafast fill-in of this gap and reveal two gap constituents: a picosecond recovery of the superconducting condensate in underdoped and optimally doped material and, in underdoped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta), an additional subpicosecond component related to pseudogap correlations. The temperature-dependent amplitudes of both contributions correlate with the antiferromagnetic 41-millielectronvolt peak in neutron scattering, supporting the coupling between charges and spin excitations.     

The spin excitation spectrum in superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85)

A comprehensive inelastic neutron scattering study of magnetic excitations in the near optimally doped high-temperature superconductor YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.85) is presented. The spin correlations in the normal state are commensurate with the crystal lattice, and the intensity is peaked around the wave vector characterizing the antiferromagnetic state of the insulating precursor, YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6). Profound modifications of the spin excitation spectrum appear abruptly below the superconducting transition temperature T(c), where a commensurate resonant mode and a set of weaker incommensurate peaks develop. The data are consistent with models that are based on an underlying two-dimensional Fermi surface, predicting a continuous, downward dispersion relation connecting the resonant mode and the incommensurate excitations. The magnetic incommensurability in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+)(x) system is thus not simply related to that of another high-temperature superconductor, La(2-)(x)Sr(x)CuO(4), where incommensurate peaks persist well above T(c). The temperature-dependent incommensurability is difficult to reconcile with interpretations based on charge stripe formation in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+x) near optimum doping.     

甘薯抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

对根据紫花苜蓿（Medicago truncatula）NBS区域的保守序列等设计的16对简并引物进行优化,筛选出6对简并引物,以甘薯的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,克隆甘薯抗病基因同源序列（RGA）。结果克隆出342个不同的甘薯RGA,这342个甘薯RGA和已知的抗病基因历、N、RGCl等具有高度同源性（Evalue〈e&#215;10^-20）。根据抗病基因同源序列的相似性,利用Cluxtalw软件将其分为22个不同的类群。这些甘薯的抗病基因同源序列已提交GenBank（编号：DQ903322至DQ903664）。在342个甘薯RGA中,除7个是TIR外,其余属于DOD—TIR类型。用Blastx和DNAman软件对342个甘薯RGA进行列队比较,发现有9个含有抗线虫病RGC1序列的RGA,它们与RGC1的同源件为50％～100％．     

杨树蛀干性害虫杨大透翅蛾的发生与防治

本文对我国北方杨树蛀干性害虫杨大透翅蛾(Aegerla apiformls clerck)进行了研究。除对形态特征,生活史,生活习性记述外,着重该虫的发生量与营林措施及不同杨树品种的关系,以及一系列的防治试验。在此基础上提出成虫期采用活雌虫性诱;卵期树干涂白;幼虫期使用熏蒸毒签等经济有效的防治手段。同时营造乔灌混交林,选用抗虫性较强的毛白杨等13个品种,可有效地控制该虫的发生量。     

光肩星天牛的人工饲养(Ⅰ)

该试验较系统地研究了光肩星天牛Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａ ｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ （ Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ．） 人工饲料的合理营养成分及其配置比例．通过对光肩星天牛各个虫态的人工饲养,总结出了较理想的人工饲料配方及饲养方法．结果表明：人工饲料饲养的光肩星天牛发育历期缩短,成虫羽化率可达到５０ ％ 以上．     

概率P（X〉E（X））的估计问题

Let X_1, X_2,...X_n be independent and identically distributed samples deawn from a population x with distribution F. The estimation of the probability P(X> E(X))=1-F(E(X)) is discussed in this article. Some strong consistent estimators are proposed, and     

齐口裂腹鱼和重口裂腹鱼消化道形态和组织结构的观察

本文对齐口裂腹鱼和重口裂腹鱼消化道的大体形态及显微结构进行了观察和比较，并探讨了结构与食性的关系。两种鱼消化管分为口腔、咽、食道、肠等四个部分；消化道管壁除口腔、咽外均由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜构成；食道上皮均为复层扁平上皮；肠上皮主要由柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成，其间有嗜酸性颗粒细胞；杯状细胞的数量在前、中肠少，后肠增多；两种鱼在口腔、咽形态组织结构，肠长度和盘曲程度方面差异较大，与其食性密切相关。     

异色瓢虫对菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜捕食的作用

异色瓢虫是一种重要的捕食性天敌,可捕食多种蚜虫,在生物防治中具有很大应用前景。研究了异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫(即菜缢管蚜、禾谷缢管蚜和白杨毛蚜)的捕食功能反应。结果表明:异色瓢虫对3种蚜虫的日捕食量中,其中四龄幼虫最大,成虫和三龄幼虫次之,1、2龄幼虫最小。捕食者对猎物的功能反应均属于Holling-Ⅱ型方程。     

黄皮染色体数目观察

芸香科柑桔亚科黄皮族黄皮属 (ＣｌａｕｓｅｎａＢｕｒｍ .ｆ.)植物 ,有 30余个种 ,其中 1 1个种原产中国[1 ] 。黄皮 (Ｃｌａｕｓｅｎａｌａｎｓｉｕｍ (Ｌｏｕｒ.)Ｓｋｅｅｌｓ)为中国种 ,果实可食 ,在我国南方的广东、广西、福建等省有商业栽培。几十年来 ,研究者都认为黄皮属植物及其它柑桔近缘属植物和大多数柑桔属植物一样 ,为二倍体[2 ] 。但是近来 ,国外对假黄皮 (Ｃｌａｕｓｅｎａｅｘ ｃａｖａｔａＢｕｒｍ .ｆ.)这个种进行流式细胞仪检测 ,表明其为四倍体[3] 。作者在进行黄皮优良品种鸡心黄皮(Ｃｌ.ｌａｎｓｉｕｍ (Ｌｏｕｒ.)…     

四种杀虫药剂对麦长管蚜、七星瓢虫及燕麦茧蜂的毒力比较

室内应用虫体浸渍及定量喷雾毒力法测定 LC_(50)结果表明;四种杀虫药剂对麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenea(F))的毒力下降顺序为抗蚜威、杀灭菊酯、乐果、丙体六六六;对七星甄虫(Coccinella septempunctata L.)四个虫期的毒力表现趋势并不完全一致,但一般还可以看出抗药力下降顺序为卵、蛹、成虫、幼虫。通过七星瓢虫与麦长管蚜的毒效比可以看出抗蚜威对七星瓢虫极安全,毒效比最低是成虫也达到5877.3,其次是杀灭菊酯最低的是幼虫8.38,乐果最低的是成虫1.94,而丙体666最低的是幼虫只有0.54,极不安全,氧乐果与乐果差剐不大。对僵蚜内燕麦茧蜂(Aphidius avenea Haliday)蛹的毒力,除丙体666(LC_(50)=223.8)外都很低,此使用浓度高及低各9倍,蛹羽化率差异不显著。因此用最高浓度与麦蚜 LC_(50)的毒效比值,除丙体666为2.14外,其余都大于147,是很安全的。对燕麦茧蜂成虫,毒力下降顺序是乐果、丙体666、抗蚜威、杀灭菊酯。因此燕麦茧蜂成虫 LC_(50)与麦蚜 LC_(50)的毒效比最低是丙体666和乐果,都低于0.042,极不安全,最高...