遮荫对紫肉甘薯块根鲜质量、花色苷含量及产量的影响

以"渝苏紫43"等3个品种为材料,采用4种遮荫处理,并于栽后不同时间挖根测定块根鲜质量及花色苷含量,研究遮荫对紫肉甘薯块根鲜质量、花色苷含量及产量的影响.结果表明,不同品种栽后153 d,单层遮荫处理使块根鲜质量降低23.33%～76%,块根花色苷含量提高32.72%～49.07%,块根花色苷产量降低32.74%～66.28%;双层遮荫整体上增强了单层遮荫的效果.因此,紫肉甘薯最适宜净作.单层或双层遮荫时,"渝苏紫43"或"渝紫263"鲜薯或花色苷产量最高.在"麦-玉-苕"耕作制度下,以收获鲜薯为目的,"渝紫263"较适与玉米等作物套作,"渝苏紫43"次之;以获得花色苷为目的,"渝苏紫43"较适,"渝紫263"次之.遮荫处理对块根鲜质量和花色苷含量的影响主要表现在生长前期(栽后1～25 d).     

嫁接对几个不同肉色甘薯品种产量影响的研究

研究了"渝紫263"等5个不同肉色甘薯品种进行交互嫁接的鲜薯产量和薯干产量的影响效应,结果表明:鲜薯产量和薯干产量的砧木效应和砧木×接穗互作效应均达极显著,接穗效应不显著;在20个嫁接组合中,以"2-19-99×2-119-43"嫁接组合的鲜薯产量和薯干产量最高,显著高于其它19个嫁接组合.紫肉甘薯各自作砧木或接穗的嫁接组合,块根产量受到砧木和接穗交互作用的共同影响,但砧木自身的遗传特性是影响鲜薯产量和薯干产量的决定性因素,接穗对鲜薯产量和薯干产量的影响比砧木小.     

嫁接对几个不同肉色甘薯品种产量影响的研究

研究了"渝紫263"等5个不同肉色甘薯品种进行交互嫁接的鲜薯产量和薯干产量的影响效应,结果表明鲜薯产量和薯干产量的砧木效应和砧木×接穗互作效应均达极显著,接穗效应不显著;在20个嫁接组合中,以"2-19-99×2-119-43"嫁接组合的鲜薯产量和薯干产量最高,显著高于其它19个嫁接组合.紫肉甘薯各自作砧木或接穗的嫁接组合,块根产量受到砧木和接穗交互作用的共同影响,但砧木自身的遗传特性是影响鲜薯产量和薯干产量的决定性因素,接穗对鲜薯产量和薯干产量的影响比砧木小.     

几个因素对紫肉甘薯食用品质的影响

通过DPS逐步回归分析来研究鲜薯产量、薯块的干物质、花色苷、可溶性糖的含量等因素对紫肉甘薯食用品质的影响.结果表明:薯块干物质含量与食用品质中的水分、质地显著正相关,花色苷含量与食用品质中的水分、质地呈显著负相关,而鲜薯产量和可溶性糖含量与食用品质无显著相关性.质地与影响食用品质的风味、纤维、一般评价等评定指标显著正相关,而水分只与一般评价指标显著正相关.因此,主要通过对质地评定指标的作用,薯块的干物质和花色苷含量是影响紫肉甘薯食用品质的主要因素.     

几个因素对紫肉甘薯食用品质的影响

通过DPS逐步回归分析来研究鲜薯产量、薯块的干物质、花色苷、可溶性糖的含量等因素对紫肉甘薯食用品质的影响.结果表明：薯块干物质含量与食用品质中的水分、质地显著正相关,花色苷含量与食用品质中的水分、质地呈显著负相关,而鲜薯产量和可溶性糖含量与食用品质无显著相关性.质地与影响食用品质的风味、纤维、一般评价等评定指标显著正相关,而水分只与一般评价指标显著正相关.因此,主要通过对质地评定指标的作用,薯块的干物质和花色苷含量是影响紫肉甘薯食用品质的主要因素.     

特色食用型甘薯在宁海县的试种表现

从浙江省农业科学院引进3个特色食用型甘薯在宁海县进行试种.结果表明,渝紫263、浙薯132、浙薯78薯块红肉或紫肉,口感食味均优于当地对照品种徐薯18,鲜薯产量17.140～39.373 t/hm2,可作为特色食用型甘薯供应市场.     

不同肉色甘薯交互嫁接后块根干物质积累研究

本文通过对"徐薯18","渝苏162","渝薯99","渝紫263"、"渝苏紫43"等3种不同肉色类型的5个不同品种的交互嫁接,设置25个嫁接组合和双重对照,分析嫁接后不同肉色甘薯在生长过程中的块根干物率和产量的变化情况。结果表明,①嫁接后,块根干物率和产量的变化受到砧木、接穗、生长期及其交互作用的共同影响;光合产物在地上部和地下部的分配与块根干物质产量的积累成极显著相关;②与未嫁接的植株比较,嫁接对大多数嫁接组合的光合产物向下运输有阻碍作用,对少数特定组合在特定的生长时期有显著促进作用;③与相同品种嫁接的植株比较,同一肉色类型的甘薯砧木对其它2种肉色类型接穗对响应能力不一致,同一肉色类型甘薯接穗对其它2种肉色类型砧木对影响能力也是不一致的。     

紫肉甘薯花色苷含量的变化规律及其与主要经济性状的相关分析

 【目的】研究紫肉甘薯块根花色苷含量在生育过程中和品种间的变化规律及其与主要经济性状的相关性。【方法】栽插后20、40、60、80、100、120及140 d调查13个紫肉甘薯品种的花色苷含量、最长蔓长，分枝数，结薯数，茎、叶、块根干物质含量，块根鲜重, 块根干重，茎鲜重、茎干重、叶鲜重、叶干重，茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重，分析整株鲜重、整株干重，茎、叶、块根干重占整株干重的百分比等20个经济性状以及花色苷含量变化与其余19个经济性状的变化和10个产量性状日增长量的相关性。【结果】（1）紫肉甘薯块根花色苷含量在生育过程中存在缓慢增加型、波动变化型和曲折上升型3种变化类型, 对最长蔓长、分枝数、块根鲜重、块根干重、光合产物的分配等经济性状的发育有不同的生物学响应。（2）品种间的花色苷含量在20 d以后逐渐产生显著差异，在40～100 d完成类型分化, 与品种的分枝数、块根鲜重、块根干重、光合产物在块根中的分配比例显著负相关，与块根干物质含量、最长蔓长、茎鲜重、茎干重、整株干重及光合产物在叶中的分配比例显著正相关。（3）花色苷日增长量与块根干重日增长量显著负相关，花色苷积累与块根膨大、干物质积累存在竞争关系，这种竞争关系在不同品种中得到不同解决。【结论】由于花色苷积累与干物质积累存在的竞争关系在不同品种中的协调不同，紫肉甘薯品种间的花色苷含量在生育过程中产生显著差异和分化，存在缓慢增加、波动变化和曲折上升3种变化类型。花色苷含量的这些变化与主要经济性状有不同的相关关系。     

紫心甘薯品种的选育及利用

采用杂交育种的方法育成了紫心甘薯品种宁紫薯1号和渝紫263.2003--2005年在国家长江流域薯区、江苏省甘薯品种区域性试验和生产试验中,宁紫薯1号平均鲜薯产量为28.426 5 t·hm-2,比对照品种平均增产2.6%;薯块平均干物率为27.2%;花青素含量为22.41 mg·100 g-1;总可溶性糖含量为5.6%.此外,该品种还表现为抗茎线虫病和根腐病.2002-2004年在国家长江流域薯区的甘薯品种区域试验和生产试验中,渝紫263平均鲜薯产量为25.122 t·hm-2,比对照品种减产18.4%;薯块平均干物率为29.6%;花青素含量为44.14 mg·100 g-1;总可溶性糖含量为7.4%.此外,该品种还表现为抗黑斑病.宁紫薯1号和渝紫263主要作为鲜食用,也可作为食品加工原料用,加工产品主要有薯片、薯条等.     

紫肉甘薯与普通甘薯的产量与农艺性状特征差异研究

对紫肉甘薯和普通甘薯的产量与农艺性状的鉴定和比较结果表明,紫肉甘薯群体的藤叶产量、单株分枝数、单株结薯数、干物质含量,淀粉含量与普通甘薯差别不大,而鲜薯产量特别低,上薯率低,熟食品质差,藤蔓明显较长、薯块色素含量高. 这些结果将为紫肉甘薯的进一步研究、育种、栽培与产业化开发提供一定科学依据.     

Variation Laws of Anthocyanin Content in Roots and Their Relationships with Major Economic Traits in Purple-Fleshed Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam]

Variation laws of anthocyanin content in root during the development and among the varieties, and their relationships with major economic traits in purple-fleshed sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam] were studied in the present article. The dynamics of 20 economic traits in 13 purple-fleshed sweetpotato varieties at 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 d after their transplanting were investigated, and these traits included anthocyanin content in root, length of the longest vine, number of base branches, root number, dry matter contents in stem, foliage and root, fresh/dry weight of root, fresh/dry weight of stem, flesh/dry weight of foliage, flesh/dry weight of stem and foliage, flesh/dry weight of whole plant, and rations of photosynthate to root, stem, and foliage. The correlations between the variations of anthocyanin content and the other 19 economic traits among varieties and during the whole developing stages, and the correlations of daily increase of anthocyanin content with other l0 kinds of yields were analyzed. The results showed that： （1） During the whole development, the anthocyanin content had three variation types, i.e. a slow-increase type, a fluctuating-change type, and a deviousrising type, and had different responses to the growth of length of the longest vine, number of base branches, flesh/dry yield of root, and photosynthate allotments. （2） The anthocyanin contents among 13 varieties began to have significant difference after 20 d, and showed completed differentiation during 40-100 d, which had significantly negative correlationships with the number of base branches, fresh/dry yield of root, photosynthate allotment ratio to root, and had significant positive correlationships with dry matter content of root, length of the longest vine, fresh/dry yield of stem, dry yield of whole plant and photosynthate allotment ratio to foliage. （3） Because of the significantly negative correlation between daily increase of anthocyanin content and dry matter weight of root, the anthocyanin a     

Accumulation and Gene Expression of Anthocyanin in Storage Roots of Purple- Freshed Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam] Under Weak Light Conditions

Anthocyanidin in plants, an important pigment, is of great interest to researchers, consumers, and commercial entities due to its physiological functions. Anthocyanin content and mRNA levels of anthocynin biosynthesis genes were investigated in storage root of different purple-fleshed sweet potatoes （PFSP） genotypes to understand the regulation mechanism of anthocyanin under weak light conditions. Anthocyanin content, its amount of accumulation, and the expression of CHS, DFR, F3H, GT, and ANS genes in the PFSP storage root under weak light conditions were studied. The results demonstrated that the anthocyanin content of the treatments was decreased and was obviously lower than that of the control until 30 days after shading in Ayamurasaki, while it was lower than that of the control from the beginning of shading in Jishu 18. Their accumulation rates of both treatmeants were lower than its control before 10-20 d of shading in Jishu 18, while those of Ayamurasaki weren＇t in their treatments. This indicated that Jishul 8 is more sensitive to light as compared to Ayamuraska. Under the different weak light conditions, mRNA levels for ibCHS, ibF3H, ibDFR, and ibANS were obviously decreased, while the expression of ibGT was increased. These results indicated that anthocyanin content was regulated by light at the mRNA levels and the enzymatic level in sweet potato. Therefore, the development dynamic response to anthocyanin content varied in different genotypes of PFSP, and mRNA levels of anthocyanin biosynthesis were inhibited under the weak light condition.     

遮光处理对马铃薯农艺性状和产量的影响

以3个常规马铃薯栽培品种费乌瑞它、紫玉、冀张薯12号为材料,进行非全程45%遮光、全程45%遮光、非全程70%遮光、全程70%遮光处理,比较分析马铃薯的植株生长势、产量及其构成性状受光照的影响效果。结果表明:马铃薯植株生长、产量及其构成性状等都呈现出对照、非全程45%遮光、全程45%遮光、非全程70%遮光、全程70%遮光依次递减的变化趋势;遮光条件下马铃薯株高显著增加,但费乌瑞它的株高随遮光程度增加变化不大;紫玉的主茎数对光照不敏感,费乌瑞它和冀张薯12的主茎数随光照强度的减弱而减少;冀张薯12植株的干物质量受遮光影响最大;马铃薯单株薯质量和商品薯质量受遮光影响最大,单薯质量受遮光影响最小,非全程45%遮光处理只对费乌瑞它和紫玉单株薯质量产生显著影响,相同条件下冀张薯12的商品薯质量也显著下降;全程45%遮光处理下紫玉、费乌瑞它的单株块茎数,费乌瑞它、紫玉、冀张薯12的单株薯质量和紫玉的商品薯重都显著降低,遮光程度达到70%时(非全程、全程)所有结薯性状因子都显著下降;费乌瑞它在遮光为45%条件下减产41.6%~44.5%,非全程70%遮光下减产67.8%,而全程遮光条件下的减产86.6%,全程遮光和非全程遮光之间差异不明显;冀张薯12和紫玉在非全程45%遮光下减产都在30%以内,冀张薯12在全程45%遮光条件下减产57.4%,紫玉减产41.1%,全程70%遮光下冀张薯12减产达87.5%,紫玉减产78.8%。综合试验结果,费乌瑞它和紫玉前期耐弱光,产量构成性状受光照影响较小,生育期短,较适宜中国南方冬作栽培。     

橘红肉甘薯块根类胡萝卜素的变化规律及其与主要经济性状的相关性

【目的】研究橘红肉甘薯块根鲜薯类胡萝卜素含量在生育过程中和品种间的变化规律及其与主要经济性状的相关性。【方法】试验于栽插后50、64、78、92、106、120和134 d调查15个橘红肉甘薯品种的最长蔓长,分枝数,结薯数,茎、叶、柄、块根干率,茎、叶、柄、块根鲜重,测定鲜薯类胡萝卜素含量,薯干淀粉、可溶性糖和粗蛋白含量,分析茎、叶、柄、块根干重,整株鲜重、干重,茎、叶、柄、块根干重占整株干重的百分比等数值,以及类胡萝卜素积累量与其余产量性状的变化和品质性状积累量日增长量的相关性。【结果】橘红肉甘薯块根类胡萝卜素含量在生长发育过程中出现总体平稳型、一直增加型和曲折上升型3种变化类型,对最长蔓长、块根鲜重、块根干重、光合产物的分配等经济性状的发育有不同的生物学响应。大多数橘红肉甘薯,尤其是一直增加型品种,其类胡萝卜素含量与最长蔓长、块根鲜重和干重、光合产物在块根的分配比例显著正相关,与光合产物在叶、柄的分配比例显著负相关,而与其它性状的相关性不高。类胡萝卜素日积累量增长量与块根鲜重、块根干重、淀粉、可溶性糖和粗蛋白积累量等日增长量呈正相关性,类胡萝卜素积累与块根膨大、干物质及营养物质积累存在协同关系。【结论】由于类胡萝卜素积累与干物质积累存在的协同关系在不同品种中的反应机制不同,类胡萝卜素含量在橘红肉品种间产生差异和分化,存在3种不同变化类型。     

五个不同地黄品种耐荫性比较

以地黄道地产区主栽品种星科、85-5、北京3号、金九、吨王5个地黄品种为试验材料,采用50%遮荫和隶属函数分析方法,研究了不同品种地黄的形态指标、物质积累分配指标以及生理指标在遮荫下的变化趋势,评价不同地黄品种的耐荫性强弱。结果表明：遮荫条件下5个品种地黄的叶长、叶宽、株高、冠幅、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性均较对照显著增大,根长、根直径、块根数、叶干重、根干重、根冠比、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量均较对照降低,但不同品种地黄处理较对照升高或降低的程度存在品种间差异。结论：5个地黄品种中星科的耐荫性最强,金九的耐荫性最弱,耐荫性由强到弱为星科>85-5>北京3号>吨王>金九。     

Coronatine Induces an Accumulation of Anthocyanin and Starch in Purple-fleshed Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)

[Objective]The objective of this research was to examine the effects of COR on anthocyanin and starch content in storage roots of two PFS genotypes,and to explore the relationships between anthocyanin synthesis and starch accumulation.[Method]A field experiment was carried out to determine the changes in yield components,yield,contents of anthocyanin and starch,activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)and adenosine 5-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase)in two genotypes of PFS(Ipomoea batatas L.,var.‘Ayamurasaki’and‘Jishu18’).[Result]The application of COR significantly increased starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots of Jishu18 across developmental stages by inducing the activities of PAL and AGPase,and finally enhanced yield by promoting fresh weight of storage roots.Ayamurasaki was insensitive to treatment with COR although its PAL activity temporally increased.The starch and anthocyanin content of Aya,and the anthocyanin content of Jishu18 increased progressively across developmental stages with or without COR application,but the starch content of Jishu18increased initially,then decreased before increasing again without application of COR.Treatment with COR reduced downward trend of starch accumulation in Jishu18.Thus,the effect of COR on accumulation of anthocyanin and starch in storage roots of PFS differs according to genotypes.[Conclusion]The application of0.05μmol/L COR may increase starch and anthocyanin content in PFS genotypes with lower starch and anthocyanin content in storage roots.     

Regulation of Anthocyanin during Storage Root Development Stage in Sweet Potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)

Anthocyanin accumulation during storage root development in purple-fleshed sweet potato was analyzed by detection of anthocyanin concentration, accumulation rate and the expression pattern of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Anthocyanin concentration in sweet potato cvs Jishu 18 and Ayamurasaki increased steadily during storage root development stage. The accumulation rate in two genotypes peaked at 50 to 65 d after transplanting, and then declined rapidly. During storage root development of Ayamurasaki, the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene, IbCHS, was constitutively expressed, the genes IbF3H, IbDFR, IbANS were induced steadily, reaching a maximum at the later stage of root thickening, and IbPAL steadily decreased. Therefore, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation differed between the two cultivars, and anthocyanin biosynthesis was regulated through regulation of its synthetic enzymes.     

钙肥不同用量对巨峰葡萄产量及品质的影响

巨峰葡萄是南阳鲜食葡萄的品种之一,由于管理技术、营养供应等多方面的原因,葡萄的果实品质与国外同类产品相比存在较大差距,主要表现为果实较软、生理病害严重、耐贮性不足等问题。在巨峰葡萄果实膨大期和成熟后期分别对叶面和果穗同时喷施不同浓度的钙肥(卡利奥钙肥),分析了葡萄产量及果实品质相关性状的变化。结果表明,除可滴定酸和对照相比变化不显著外,增施钙肥能显著提高葡萄果实品质和产量指标;其中稀释3 000倍液对葡萄果实品质和产量提高效果最好,果实中钙、花青素、Vc含量、可溶性固形物含量、单株穗数、单穗重和亩产量分别比对照增加29.1%、20.9%、40.2%、1.2%、5.0%、23.6%、25.6%,葡萄的裂果率较对照降低25.9%。以上结果说明,叶面和果穗合理增施钙料可有效的提高葡萄果实品质及产量。     

弱光胁迫对超级杂交稻产量和干物质积累的影响

超级杂交稻在山丘地区的生态条件下容易展示超高产潜力,但在平原地区由于光照相对较少和灌浆期间的多阴寡照天气造成严重减产。以超级杂交稻、普通杂交稻和高产常规稻代表品种为供试材料,在齐穗后设置过滤30%光照、60%光照和对照3 个处理,探讨不同遮光处理对超级杂交稻产量和干物质积累的影响。结果表明：超级杂交稻对弱光反应敏感,品种和遮光处理之间互作效应显著,齐穗后遮光处理对超级杂交稻结实率和千粒重影响显 著、产量下降24.2%~52.8%,对每穗粒数和有效穗数影响不显著;齐穗后遮光处理对超级杂交稻干物质积累影响显著,收获指数显著下降,特别是后期干物质积累量占总干物质比例显著下降,影响后期干物质的积累和转化。