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乙醇溶剂与超临界CO2相结合提取高纯度卵黄磷脂的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用乙醇溶剂首先提取蛋黄粉中的卵黄油,然后用超临界CO2萃取方法脱除卵黄油中的中性脂肪,获得高纯度的卵黄磷脂。考察了工艺参数对提取效果的影响。试验表明:在乙醇溶剂提取卵黄油阶段,乙醇浓度是影响卵黄油提取率的最主要因素,温度是影响卵黄磷脂提取率的最主要因素;在超临界CO2萃取阶段,磷脂的溶解度随萃取温度的升高而降低,中性脂质在55℃时溶解度最大。采用此工艺,卵黄磷脂得率为17.66%,纯度94.41%,且不含胆固醇。 相似文献
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为了优化超临界CO2萃取槟榔碱的工艺参数,通过三元二次通用旋转组合设计实施试验,考察了萃取温度、萃取压力和萃取时间因素对槟榔碱萃取量的影响。试验结果表明:超临界萃取的温度对槟榔碱萃取量有极显著的影响,萃取时间和压力的影响较小。同时确定了槟榔碱萃取的最佳工艺参数为萃取温度72℃,压力57 MPa,时间26 min。在此条件下,槟榔碱的萃取量为6143.71 μg/g,达到理论最大萃取量的95.3%,所得萃取物中槟榔碱的百分含量为(25.85± 0.41)% 。 相似文献
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为了克服鱼油有效组分超临界CO2间歇萃取方法的缺点,设计建造了超临界CO2在内径14 mm、填料高1.8 m的填料塔中连续萃取浓缩鱼油有效组分的流程。根据单因素试验的结果,对工艺参数进行优化。设计了4因素3水平并考虑部分交互作用的正交试验方案,以综合指标进行评价,得到了优化工艺参数为:填料塔压为12.5 MPa;CO2流量为5L/min;鱼油进料流量为0.8 mL/min;塔的温度分布为40~85℃。经方差分析得知,温度分布的影响对综合指标高度显著,鱼油进料流量对综合指标的影响显著,试验范围内的压力、CO2流量、压力和温度分布交互作用、温度分布和CO2流量交互作用以及压力和CO2流量交互作用对综合指标没有显著影响。 相似文献
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The absorption and transport of Na and Cl from 0.1 mM and 10 mM 22Na labelled NaCl or 36Cl labelled KCl were examined in 15 days old seedlings of 3 cultivars of rice differing in their tolerance to salinity. Furthermore, the effects of 10, 100 and 1000 ppm (N)2S on their uptake were studied. It was found that in general, the salt‐tolerant cultivars BR and PNL‐1 absorbed more Na and translocated a lesser proportion of it to the shoot, compared to the salt‐sensitive IR‐8, from 0.1 mM NaCl. The presence of (N)2S reduced the uptake of Na in all the cultivars. It was also found that the presence of 100 ppm K, KN or NNreduced Na absorption from 0.1 mM NaCl significantly in all the cultivars, and the translocation to shoot in BR‐ Chloride transport from 0.1 mM NaCl was reduced by (N)2S in all the cultivars. The 3 cultivars differed significantly in the rates of absorption and transport of Na and Cl. The results indicate that PNL‐1 which is a cross of IR‐8 X BR, has inherited the salt tolerance trait from BR. Lower rates of Na translocation to the shoot can be used as an index of salt tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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Shin-ichi Yamasaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):305-308
Recently conventional chemical analyses were mostly replaced by instrumental analysis. Although results from both methods were examined in details after the samples had been solubilized or extracted by appropriate techniques, the solubilization method was considerably altered so as to be convenient for the following analysis. In atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), for example, fusion technique was mostly inadequate because of the higher salts concentration in the obtained solution. The use of H2SO4 must also be avoided in acid digestion for SO4 2- precipitates with Sr2+ or La3+ which must be added to eliminate interferences in the succeeding procedure. Therefore, it is essential to consider the whole scheme including sample treatments to evaluate the suitability of instrumental analysis. In this experiment, the suitability of the methods which have been employed in our laboratory was examined by analyzing 9 rock standards. 相似文献
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我国酸性硫酸盐土壤中铁锰形态转化及迁移 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
酸性硫酸盐土壤酸性很强,有机质含量高,造成了这种土壤所特有的铁锰淋洗、转化和迁移规律。研究结果表明:在酸性硫酸盐土壤中全铁含量较低,一般在35-50g/kg(以Fe2O3计),全锰含量也低,一般在0.25-0.55g/kg(以MnO计),一般滩涂中全铁大于60g/kg,全锰大于1g/kg。酸性硫酸盐土壤中,铁的游离度较小,一般在37-70%,铁的活化度较大,一般在8-20%,而滩涂中铁的游离度一般 相似文献
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We examined the potential of a subsoil to denitrify nitrate under optimal anaerobic conditions in a laboratory-based incubation when supplied with a range of C substrates of increasing recalcitrance. Both topsoil and its associated subsoil were supplied with nitrate and either glucose, starch or cellulose. Microbial respiration and the evolution of N2O and N2 were measured. The subsoil supported low amounts of microbial activity and responded only to the glucose treatment; with less than one-fifth of the N2O production measured in the top soil. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the denitrification potential of this particular subsoil is relatively low and that only simple carbohydrates could be utilised readily by the resident microorganisms. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1):21-26
Abstract The availability of soil Mn to corn in relation to extractability of soil Mn by EDTA, Mg(NO3)2, CH3COONH4, hydroquinone, H3PO4, and NH4H2PO4 as affected by liming was evaluated under field conditions on a single soil type. EDTA, Mg(NO3)2 and CH3COONH4‐extractable Mn were related inversely to available Mn. No useful relationships were found between hydroquinone, H3PO4, and NH4H2PO4‐extractable soil Mn and Mn uptake by sweet corn. 相似文献
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Tomoaki Morishita Kyotaro Noguchi Yongwon Kim Yojiro Matsuura 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):98-105
AbstractForest fires can change the greenhouse gase (GHG) flux of borea forest soils. We measured carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes with different burn histories in black spruce (Picea mariana) stands in interior Alaska. The control forest (CF) burned in 1920; partially burned (PB) in 1999; and severely burned (SB1 and SB2) in 2004. The thickness of the organic layer was 22 ± 6 cm at CF, 28 ± 10 cm at PB, 12 ± 6 cm at SB1 and 4 ± 2 cm at SB2. The mean soil temperature during CO2 flux measurement was 8.9 ± 3.1, 6.4 ± 2.1, 5.9 ± 3.4 and 5.0 ± 2.4°C at SB2, SB1, PB and CF, respectively, and differed significantly among the sites (P < 0.01). The mean CO2 flux was highest at PB (128 ± 85 mg CO2-C m?2 h?1) and lowest at SB1 (47 ± 19 mg CO2-C m?2 h?1) (P < 0.01), and within each site it was positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.01). The CO2 flux at SB2 was lower than that at CF when the soil temperature was high. We attributed the low CO2 flux at SB1 and SB2 to low root respiration and organic matter decomposition rates due to the 2004 fire. The CH4 uptake rate was highest at SB1 [–91 ± 21 μg CH4-C m?2 h?1] (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with soil temperature (P < 0.01) but not soil moisture. The CH4 uptake rate increased with increasing soil temperature because methanotroph activity increased. The N2O flux was highest [3.6 ± 4.7 μg N2O-N m?2 h?1] at PB (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the soil temperature and moisture are important factors of GHG dynamics in forest soils with different fire history. 相似文献
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C. W. A. Evers J. J. M. Berdowski P. F. J. van der Most 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(4):1909-1914
The emission of acidifying compounds to air in the Netherlands, expressed as acidifying equivalents, consisted in 1992 mainly of NOX (45%), NH3 (35%) and SO2 (20%). Transportation, agriculture and large combustion plants each contributed about 30% to the national total emission of acidifying compounds. The emissions from transportation activities mainly consisted of NOX, while in agriculture NH3 emission strongly dominated. Combustion processes in large combustion plants resulted both in SO2 emissions (especially from refineries) and NOX emissions (especially from public power plants). The total emission of acidifying substances decreases steadily in the Netherlands. The emission in 1992 was 24% lower than in 1985. It is expected to decrease further in future. The emission levels in 1992 and 1993 still are more than twice as high as the emission objective for the year 2000, set by Dutch environmental policy. 相似文献
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The mechanism of SO2 inhibition of photosynthesis in intact leaves of tomato and maze was studied to evaluate SO2 inhibition of photorespiration. Leaf tissues were fumigated with SO2 under photorespiratory (low CO, and/or high O, concentrations) and non-photo-respiratory conditions. When tomato leaf disks were fumigated with 10 ppm SO2 at 2, 21 and 100° o O., SO2 inhibited photosynthesis at 2% O2 in the same degrees as at 21% O2. SO2 inhibition of photosynthesis was depressed at higher CO2 concentrations when the disks were fumigated with SO2 at different CO2 concentrations. High CO2 concentrations also reduced the photosynthesis inhibition of maize leaf disks. These results suggest that SO2 inhibits photosynthesis through other mechanisms than photorespiration inhibition and confirm the view that SO2 competes with CO2 for the carboxylating enzymes in photosynthesis 相似文献
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Tatsuhiko Matsuguchi Tadao Shimomura Sang Kyu Lee 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):323-336
In the C2H2-C2H4 assay for measurement of heterotrophic N2 fixation in water-logged soils, the diffusion of C2H2 into the soil and the recovery of C2H4 from it are critical factors regulating the assay result. To establish an C2H2-C2H4 assay technique suitable for waterlogged soils, the C2H2-reducing activities (ARA), assayed by varying the method of assay gas filling, the pC2H2 of the assay gas, the duration of assay incubation and of soil vibration before the gas sampling, were compared. A maximum ARA was measured when the following set of procedures were applied to the soil sample in assay flasks: 1) a 4-fold repetition of I-min evacuation under 0.01 atmospheric pressure and the subsequent I-min filling under 1 atmospheric pressure with assay gas at pC2H2 of 0.1 atm, 2) an assay incubation for 3 hr, and 3) a sampling of an aliquot of the headspace gas after strongly vibrating the flask for 1 min. The ARA measured by this technique was several times larger than those measured by the techniques hitherto applied, and corresponded to an almost 80% of the V max of the sample. This technique was, therefore, proposed for the assay of heterotrophic N2 fixation in waterlogged soils. A striking depression of ARA in the soil sample prepared with agitation indicated that a microbial ecosystem established in the soil should be kept as undisturbed as possible throughout the C2H2-C2H4 assay. 相似文献
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土壤有机矿质复合体研究Ⅵ.胶散复合体的化学组成及其结合特征 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文研究水热条件渐变的地带性土壤中G1、G2组胶散复合体有机、无机物的化学组成及其结合特点。结果表明:G2组中铁有积累现象,游离态铁、铝氧化物含量为G2>G1,但均随土壤类型变化。松结态腐殖质(H1)为G1>G2,紧结态腐殖质(H3)则为G1<G2。可提取腐殖质中,松、稳结态腐殖质之比值H1/H2和胡敏酸、富里酸之比值HA/FA,除个别土壤之外,都相关不大。G1、G2两组复合体中都含有一定数量的络 相似文献