利用简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析太湖稻区现代粳稻品种的遗传多样性

太湖地区有丰富的粳稻(Oryza satiua ssp.japonica)种植资源,随着品种大面积推广应用,育种材料的遗传基础趋窄,相似性增高,使粳稻育种突破困难。本研究利用分布于水稻(Oryza satiua L.)12条染色体上的24对简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)引物对太湖地区的42份粳稻品种进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,有23对SSR引物在42份粳稻材料间表现出多态性;23对引物共检测到105个等位基因,每对SSR引物检测到等位基因为2~8个,平均为4.57个,有效等位基因共有56.43个,平均每个位点为2.45个。每个多态位点的多态信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)变幅为0.083 0~0.8079,平均为0.496 6;每个粳稻材料多态性位点数的变幅为6~19,等位基因总数的变幅为27~55;42份粳稻品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.391~0.990,平均为0.610,遗传相似系数在0.50~0.80之间的材料占全部的74.45%,供试材料相似度高;非加权配对算术平均法(unweighed pair group method with arithmetic mean;UPGMA)聚类结果显示,遗传相似系数为0.50,42份粳稻材料可以分为两个类群,一个类群包含19份常规粳稻,另一个类群包括其他23份杂交粳稻。结果显示,太湖地区的粳稻品种总体上遗传背景相似度高,遗传多样性不够丰富,育种工作有待进一步加强新的基因资源引进和利用,创新水稻育种材料。本研究结果为新品种选育提供技术支持和理论根据。     

利用SSR标记分析藜麦品种的遗传多样性

为了解藜麦种质资源的多样性,本研究利用SSR引物对所搜集的41个藜麦种质的多态性及其亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明,从54对SSR引物中筛选出了16对能明显扩增出稳定的多态性条带的引物,共检测出139个等位基因条带,每一对引物的等位基因个数为3~13,平均为8.7;16对引物的多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.208~0.432,平均为0.366。UPGMA聚类分析显示,41份材料的遗传相似系数(GS)在0.374~0.906之间,平均相似系数为0.626。在阀值(GS)约为0.665时,41份材料可分为4大类。其中614929与B.B.Quinoa浙Ⅰ间的遗传相似系数最小,为0.374,表明来源于不同地区的遗传距离较远,遗传基础较广泛。藜麦品种资源间的亲缘关系的揭示为藜麦资源保存和新品种选育提供了理论依据。     

中国东北地区绿豆种质资源遗传多样性的SSR分析

为了解东北地区绿豆种质资源的多样性,本研究基于SSR荧光标记毛细管检测技术,利用15对多态性丰富的SSR引物对东北三省地区156份绿豆种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,15对SSR引物共检测到71个等位基因,平均等位基因数为4.7个,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.401。遗传相似系数变幅介于0.116~1.000之间,平均为0.542,大于0.5的相似系数占全部数据的73.69%。在遗传相似系数为0.478的阈值处可将参试个体分为5个组群,相同地理来源品种大多成簇分布。中国东北地区绿豆资源遗传多样性不够丰富,遗传基础狭窄,建议加强东北地区绿豆种质资源创新,拓宽遗传基础,丰富绿豆资源的遗传多样性。本研究结果为分析东北地区绿豆品种亲缘关系及新品选育提供了技术支持和理论依据。     

利用核心简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析无籽西瓜品种的DNA指纹及遗传多样性

为构建无籽西瓜品种的DNA指纹,实现无籽西瓜品种的快速准确鉴定,客观评价品种的遗传多样性,本研究利用核心SSR标记对我国54份无籽西瓜(Citrullus lanatus)主栽品种进行了分析。结果显示,23对多态性引物共扩增出63种基因型,基因型数2～5个不等,平均2.74个;平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.39,变化范围为0.04～0.67,有5个品种具有特征谱带;54个品种遗传相似系数变化范围为0.643 9～1.0,平均0.859 3,参试品种具有较高的遗传相似性;组合23对引物,除无法区分雪峰花皮无籽与郑抗无籽1号、郑抗新1号与广西3号、黒宝无籽与桂冠1号,其余品种均能一一区分开,利用PIC0.4的10对引物构建了5份主要参试品种的DNA标准指纹图谱;采用类平均法进行聚类分析,在相似系数0.82处,可将54个品种分为7大类。本研究建立了参试品种的标准DNA指纹图谱,为我国无籽西瓜品种的真实性鉴定和知识产权保护提供了技术基础。     

利用SSR标记分析部分粳稻品种的遗传多样性

以我国16个粳稻品种为材料,包括水稻雄性不育系、恢复系、杂交种以及少量常规稻,从分布在水稻基因组的12条染色体上300对SSR引物中筛选出14对多态性丰富、重复性高的引物,这些引物在16份材料间共扩增出61个多态性片段,平均每对SSR引物可检测到4.36个等位基因。聚类分析表明:品种间遗传相似系数在0.57~0.97之间。生产中应用的BT型水稻雄性不育系与恢复系分别聚类于不同的类群,遗传关系较远。     

山东省46个花生品种SSR指纹图谱构建与遗传多样性分析

为从分子水平上快速鉴别花生品种和选配优良杂交组合,以山东省审定的46个花生品种为材料,利用微卫星(SSR)标记进行DNA指纹图谱的构建和遗传多样性分析。从788对SSR引物中筛选出50对多态性高、稳定性好、谱带清晰的引物,共检测到175个等位位点,其中122个为多态性位点,多态性比率达70.52%;每对SSR引物扩增出的等位位点数为2~7个,多态性信息量变化范围为0.6753~0.8412,平均为0.823。此外,利用14对引物可将46份材料完全区分开。聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.77处,所有供试材料聚为一类,在相似系数0.80处,仍有76%的材料聚在一起。利用SSR标记构建的指纹图谱可为花生种质资源管理及育种实践提供依据。     

大蒜种质遗传多样性的SSR分析

为了探索中国大蒜种质个体的SSR位点的分布情况,为品种鉴定、保存及遗传改良提供分子生物学依据,利用6对SSR引物对40个大蒜(Allium sativumL.)品种进行聚类分析、主成分分析及遗传多样性评价。共检测到21个多态性位点,平均每对引物可扩增出约3.5条多态性片段,多态性百分率为56.76%;SSR引物组合平均有效等位基因数、Nei基因多样度和Shannon信息指数分别为1.5551、0.3414和0.5188。聚类分析显示,6对SSR引物可把40份大蒜种质资源从0.59相似系数水平上3个类群。第一类群包含28份种质,在相似系数为0.73的水平上进一步又被分成了3个亚类;第二亚类仅包含2份种质;第三亚类包含10份种质,在0.68的相似系数水平上分成了2个亚类。主成分分析和UPGMA的结果基本一致。不同地理来源的大蒜种质的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数的变幅为0.0576~0.4179,说明大蒜种质遗传多样性丰富。本研究利用SSR分子标记技术较准确地解析大蒜不同材料间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性,为中国大蒜SSR分子标记提供基础资料。     

利用SSR技术构建多花黑麦草品种指纹图谱

通过构建我国多花黑麦草主栽品种的SSR标记指纹图谱数据库,以实现对多花黑麦草品种的快速、准确鉴定.本研究利用SSR标记,基于多态性高、稳定性强和连锁群分布均匀的原则,从100对多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)基因组来源的SSR引物中,筛选出12对引物用来构建了21个多花黑麦草品种(系)的指纹图谱.12对SSR引物共扩增出108种多态性基因型,多态性比率达94.15％,每对引物的基因型从5～22种不等,平均每对引物扩增出9种基因型,多态性信息量(PIC)变幅为0.744～0.934,平均为0.843,此12对引物可以在构建多花黑麦草品种DNA指纹数据库作为核心引物推荐使用.21个多花黑麦草品种(系)基因型间遗传相似性系数在0.4956～0.8571之间,UPGMA聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.69处可将全部材料分为3大类.7对引物在9个品种上具有唯一特征带,采用15-08C单对引物即可将21个多花黑麦草品种完全区分开,该对引物不仅多态性高(PIC=0.934),且具备多个品种的特征谱带.基于该引物建立了供试品种指纹图谱标准模式图,每个品种具有唯一的指纹图谱(带型),为牧草品种的审定和保护以及选配优良杂交组合培育新品种提供了重要的理论依据.     

利用小麦SSR标记分析鸭茅种质资源的遗传多样性

使用小麦(Triticum aestivum)SSR引物和扩增程序,以中国春小麦(T. aestivum)品种为对照,利用SSR标记对来自国内外的45份鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata L.)种质资源进行遗传多样性研究.结果表明,20对引物扩增出295个条带,多态性条带为187条,多态性条带比率为61.15%,鸭茅种质资源的遗传相似系数范围为0.7848～0.9513.聚类分析和主成分分析将供试材料分为6大类,聚类结果不仅能反映鸭茅生态适应性特征与其生长发育状况及生产性能相关,还显示出国产鸭茅品种遗传基础较为狭窄.研究表明将小麦SSR引物用于检测鸭茅遗传多样性行之有效.     

基于SSR标记的梨资源遗传多样性分析

本研究利用SSR标记技术对56份梨资源进行了遗传多样性分析。利用筛选出的6对SSR引物共扩增40条谱带,其中多态性位点38个,多态性位点比例为95%,每对引物产生有效等位基因6.3个。各位点期望杂合度H值在0.0354～0.491,平均为0.1964;有效等位基因Ne值在1.0367～1.9648,平均值为1.2958;香农指数I值平均值为0.3256,说明了供试梨材料的遗传多样性较低。利用SSR标记可将44个栽培品种区分开,但无法区分芽变和原种。根据SSR标记揭示的多态性,采用NTSYS-pc软件,以UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果显示所检测的56份梨材料在相似系数0.71处可分为4组,其中中国的白梨、秋子梨和砂梨相互交错在一起,没有独自各自成组。     

Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

姬松茸多糖提取工艺的优化

对姬松茸子实体多糖提取的工艺条件中的多糖提取温度、提取时间、浸提液pH值3因子的最优化组合问题进行了定量研究,建立了具有良好预测性能的姬松茸多糖提取条件的模型,并利用回归模型对工艺条件的最优化组合,对各单因子要素的多糖得率及其交互作用进行了探讨。试验表明,当浸提温度为100℃、浸提时间为3h、浸提液pH值为6.3时多糖得率处于较高水平     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

济南山丘区土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局分析

土壤侵蚀潜在危险度景观格局的形成及其变化是自然的和人为的多种因素相互作用的结果 ,运用景观生态学原理 ,通过分析景观斑块的类型、数量、面积大小和空间组合状况 ,揭示出济南市山丘区的土壤侵蚀潜在危险度分布特征及空间变异规律     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

Kinetics of Popping of Popcorn

The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements.