10种杀菌剂对橡胶树白根病菌的毒力测定

为了筛选有效防治药剂,在室内采用菌丝生长速率法测定了10种杀菌剂原药对橡胶树白根病菌的室内毒力。结果表明：戊唑醇、腈菌唑、丙环唑、抑霉唑、三唑酮、咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯、十三吗啉8种药剂对橡胶树白根病菌均具有较高的敏感性,抑菌效果较好,其EC50在0.017 7～6.013 6 μg/mL,其中戊唑醇的毒力最强,EC50为0.017 7 μg/mL;腈菌唑、丙环唑、抑霉唑的抑制作用较强,其EC50分别为0.027 8、0.045 6和0.077 3 μg/mL。甲基托布津抑菌效果最差,EC50为41.299 0 μg/mL。     

9种杀菌剂对柱花草胶孢炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌丝生长速率法测定9种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力。结果表明：咪鲜胺、丙环唑、抑霉唑和苯醚甲环唑4种药剂对柱花草炭疽病菌株CH008的抑菌效果最好,其EC50值在0.032 3～0.735 2 μg/mL,成为最具潜力的替代使用杀菌剂;戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯的抑菌效果也较好,其EC50值在1.381 3～3.208 8 μg/mL。     

甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑和腈菌唑敏感性评价

采用平皿法测定甘肃省57株玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑和腈菌唑的敏感性,明确甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对两种三唑类杀菌剂的敏感基线和抗性水平,筛选和推广高效、广谱杀菌剂以确保玉米生产安全。结果表明,甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑平均EC_(50)为0.86μg/mL,EC_(50)范围为0.36～1.93μg/mL,正态分布的平均EC_(50)=0.76μg/mL,可作为对丙环唑的敏感基线。对腈菌唑的平均EC_(50)为0.98μg/mL,EC50范围为0.19～2.55μg/mL,正态分布的平均EC_(50)=0.92μg/mL,可作为对腈菌唑的敏感基线。甘肃省玉米大斑病菌对丙环唑敏感性强于腈菌唑,病菌在EC_(50)水平的平均抗性为1.13和1.07,最高抗性为2.53和2.78,暂无抗药性。     

海南大棚西瓜枯萎病病原菌生物学特性及室内毒力测定

对供试菌株海南大棚西瓜枯萎病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型进行了生物学特性的研究及杀菌剂室内毒力测定。生物学测定结果表明：菌丝在西瓜汁培养基上生长最好;菌丝生长和孢子萌发的最适温度分别为28和30℃;菌丝生长和孢子萌发最适pH值分别为7～8和7～9;光暗交替有利于菌丝生长;孢子致死温度为60℃、5 min;果糖和葡萄糖作为碳源利于菌丝生长;酵母浸粉和蛋白胨作为氮源利于菌丝生长。室内毒力测定结果表明：50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP对西瓜枯萎病菌的抑菌效果最好,其EC50为0.730 9 μg/mL;32.5%苯甲嘧菌酯SC、30%苯甲·丙环唑EC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、25%溴菌·多菌灵WP和25%溴菌腈WP对海南大棚西瓜枯萎病菌也有较好的抑制效果,其EC50为1.884 7～8.161 0 μg/mL,该研究为田间防治海南大棚西瓜枯萎病提供了基础数据。     

11种杀菌剂对甘蔗赤腐病菌的毒力测定

由镰孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum falcatum Went.)引起的甘蔗赤腐病是甘蔗上最具毁灭性的病害之一,在病害流行季节能导致严重的产量损失。为了解甘蔗赤腐病原对杀菌剂的敏感性,本研究测定了11种杀菌剂对该病原菌的毒力。结果表明,11种杀菌剂对甘蔗赤腐病菌的毒力存在明显差异。其中,戊唑醇、丙环唑、咪酰胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵等5种药剂对甘蔗赤腐病菌菌丝体生长具有较好的抑制作用,EC50值介于0.227～0.818 μg/mL。其对应EC95值也都小于12 μg/mL,介于1.416～11.339 μg/mL。就敏感性而言,4株赤腐病菌菌株对多菌灵的b值在11种杀菌剂中均为最大。由此表明,甘蔗赤腐病菌对多菌灵的剂量反应变化比其它几种杀菌剂均要敏感。     

咖啡炭疽病菌生物学特性及其毒力测定

根据形态及ITS序列对咖啡炭疽菌进行了鉴定，其次通过菌丝体生长速率法测定了咖啡炭疽病菌的生物学特性及其毒力。生物学特性测定结果表明：菌丝体生长最适合的温度为28～30℃，pH为7～8。赖氨酸和L-甘氨酸有利于菌丝体的生长，光照及碳源对菌落生长影响则不明显。室内毒力测定结果表明：97.5%腈菌唑对咖啡炭疽病菌的抑菌效果最好，其EC50为30.79 μg/mL；其次为95%粉锈宁，其EC50为216.30 μg/mL；接着为97.2%百菌清和98%抑霉唑，其EC50分别为305.61、360.77 μg/mL。     

抗多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌的杀菌剂筛选及其交互抗性测定

为筛选抗多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法测定23种杀菌剂对8株抗、感多菌灵的芒果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gtoeosporioides Penz.)的室内毒力.通过EC50值、EC90值及杀菌剂间的交互抗性测定等综合分析表明:对芒果炭疽病菌毒力最强的杀菌剂是咪鲜胺,其平均EC50值和EC90值分别为0.04、0.21μg/mL;苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、吡唑醚菌酯、氟硅唑、氟硅唑·恶唑菌酮、戊唑醇、腈菌唑和多抗霉素对芒果炭疽病菌的毒力也较强,与多菌灵不存在交互抗性,这9种杀菌剂均可作为防治芒果炭疽病的首选杀菌剂.另外,三唑酮、异菌脲、三环唑和代森锰锌也有较好的抑菌效果,可用于芒果炭疽病的防治.通过交互抗性分析,在苯并咪唑类杀菌剂之间,苯并眯唑类杀菌剂与烯唑醇,嘧菌酯、醚菌酯与腈菌唑·醚菌酯,嘧菌酯、醚菌酯与三唑酮,苯醚甲环唑与氟硅唑·恶唑菌酮之间存在交互抗性;而百菌清与嘧菌酯、醚菌酯和腈菌唑·醚菌酯,恶霉灵与嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、腈菌唑·醚菌酯和三唑酮之间存在负交互抗性.     

不同地区橡胶树红根病菌的生物学特性及室内毒力测定

橡胶树红根病是我国分布最广、危害最重的橡胶树根部病害。为明确我国海南和云南地区橡胶红根病菌的生物学特性及对杀菌剂的敏感性,采用十字交叉法研究了不同培养条件对病菌菌丝生长的影响,并测定了10种不同杀菌剂对病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,病原菌在玉米+橡胶根的培养基上生长最快,对温度、pH等适应范围广,温度在13~31 ℃,pH在3~10均能生长,最适生长温度为28 ℃,多数菌株最佳pH为7~9,且能利用多种碳氮源;不同的碳源中,果糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖较适合该菌的生长;在供试氮源中,菌丝在酪氨酸、牛肉浸膏的基础培养基上生长最快,在色氨酸和尿素的基础培养基上生长最慢;光照对病菌有抑制作用,黑暗有利于菌丝生长;菌丝的致死温度为47 ℃,10 min。不同地区的病原菌株间药剂敏感性存在一定差异,戊唑醇抑菌效果最好,其EC₅₀为0.0312 μg/mL,其次为嘧菌酯、十三吗啉、咪鲜胺和腈菌唑,EC₅₀分别为0.5581、0.6759、1.3763和1.5603 μg/mL。     

芒果畸形病菌室内单剂及复配剂增效配比的筛选

通过菌落生长速率法对我国芒果新病害——芒果畸形病病菌层出镰刀菌(Fusarium proliferatum)进行室内药剂筛选,以期为该病害的大田防治提供参考。结果表明:从9种单剂EC50和斜率综合来看,咪鲜胺锰盐(EC50为0.075μg/mL、斜率0.85)和多菌灵(EC50为0.3μg/mL、斜率3.69),应用潜力最大,其次是戊唑醇、丙环唑、氟硅唑、多.福.溴菌腈和甲基硫菌灵。29个复配组合中仅有3个配比组合表现出增效作用,其中丙环唑与多.福.溴菌腈以2∶3配比时增效最明显;其次是咪鲜胺锰盐与多.福.溴菌腈、多.福.溴菌腈与甲基硫菌灵分别以1∶4和2∶3的配比也表现出一定的增效作用。其余组合则表现相加或拮抗作用。     

杀菌剂对桉树焦枯病菌的毒力测定及林地防病效果

选用12.5%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、22.7%二氢蒽醌悬浮剂、70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和25%丙环唑乳油6种杀菌剂对桉树焦枯病菌进行毒力测定试验,并用80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂和25%丙环唑乳油进行林地病害防治试验。结果表明,6种杀菌剂对桉树焦枯病菌菌丝生长均有抑制作用。戊唑醇的毒力最高,其EC50值为4.123 7 mg/L,其次是丙环唑,EC50值为68.052 8 mg/L,毒力最弱的是甲基托布津,EC50值为16 390.51 mg/L。代森锰锌、百菌清和丙环唑在浓度为1、5 mg/mL时,均可以完全抑制焦枯病菌产孢。施用代森锰锌、百菌清和丙环唑防治后,桉树林地病情指数分别比防治前下降了7.22%、15.53%、33.33%,对照区病情指数比防治前升高了28.33%。在病害发生之前施用代森锰锌或百菌清,可有效预防病害的发生,一旦桉树苗圃或幼林发生病害,立即施用丙环唑,可起到有效防治作用。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。