蜂胶流态化超临界CO2萃取工艺研究及挥发油成分分析

本试验旨在解决蜂胶超临界CO2萃取过程中的板结与沟流现象,提高超临界CO2萃取效率。本文研究了蜂胶流态化超临界CO2萃取工艺,采用四因素三水平的正交设计,就介质充填比例、CO2流化量、萃取压力、萃取温度对萃取得率的影响,并用GC／MS分析蜂胶提取物的挥发油成分组成。结果表明模拟生物流化床式流态化超临界CO2萃取蜂胶有效成分最佳工艺条件为：介质充填比例：4：1,萃取压力32Mpa,萃取温度39℃,CO2流化量600L／h,萃取时间4小时,萃取得率达26．50％。通过GC／MS分析,共鉴定出其中78个组分。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取红豆草缩合单宁工艺技术研究

为研究超临界流体技术制备红豆草缩合单宁工艺技术条件，首先以单因素试验进行范围筛选，再应用BBD试验设计进行工艺优化。结果表明：缩合单宁最佳提取工艺为：萃取压力34.8 MPa、萃取时间123.0 min、萃取温度40.3 ℃、萃取夹带剂流量2.0 mL/min、夹带剂50%乙酸乙酯。在此条件下，红豆草缩合单宁提取率达到89.23%，接近理论值。综上，超临界CO2萃取技术可以用于红豆草缩合单宁的提取。 [关键词] 超临界CO2萃取|红豆草|缩合单宁|响应面|工艺优化     

内蒙古丰镇市亚麻籽油的超临界CO2萃取和气质联用检测

试验选择3个等压（21、28、35MPa）提取条件,研究超临界CO2萃取亚麻籽油过程中压力对亚麻籽油得率的影响．并使用GC—MS（气相色谱-质谱联用）检测超临界CO2萃取亚麻籽油和传统压榨法提取亚麻籽油的脂质组成和各组分的含量。结果发现,在35MPa下萃取120min亚麻籽油的得率最高,为35．65％,可以达到实际应用的需求;超临界CO2萃取亚麻籽油与压榨油在脂肪酸构成上基本相同,前者α-亚麻酸的含量略高。     

超临界CO_2萃取南瓜籽油

目的:采用超临界流体CO_2萃取技术提取南瓜籽油,确定最佳萃取工艺参数。方法:在CO_2流量固定的前提下,进行单因素试验,通过单因素试验结果设计正交试验。结果:在CO_2流量为25Kg/h的前提下,最佳工艺组合为:萃取时间为120min,萃取压力为35MPa,萃取温度为35℃。结论:超临界流体CO_2萃取法提取的南瓜籽油得率高,品质好。     

复方尼卡巴嗪、马杜霉素铵对鸡艾美耳球虫临床防治效果初探

试验表明,推荐量的复方尼卡巴嗪（125mg／kg）、马杜霉素铵（5mg／kg）对E．tenella GD珠球虫抗球虫指数为194．1,对6个E．tenella 田间分离株抗球虫指数都在170以上,其抗球虫指数优于单方的尼卡巴嗪及马杜霉素组,尤其对耐药虫株。     

鹿茸超临界CO2萃取工艺研究及脂溶性成分分析

为研究鹿茸的超临界CO2流体萃取工艺并分析其成分,通过正交试验对超临界CO2流体(SFE)萃取鹿茸条件进行优化,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(CC-MS)分析萃取物中脂溶性成分的组成及含量.建立了超临界CO2流体(SFE)萃取鹿茸的工艺,并鉴定出其中18种脂溶性成分的组成及含量.结果表明:通过超临界CO2萃取鹿茸的脂溶性...     

超临界CO2流体萃取蜂胶工艺前景灿烂

介绍利用超临界CO2流体（SFE－CO2）工艺萃取的蜂胶和传统乙醇提取的蜂胶不同和比较。     

正交试验法优选中药抗球虫散剂TF-103提取工艺

目的优化中药抗球虫散剂TF-103提取工艺.方法采用渗漉工艺,用正交试验法L9(34),以浸膏提取率和液相色谱峰面积比为考察指标.结果优化的提取工艺条件为:采用10倍量的75%乙醇水溶液、渗漉速度为7-10ml/(min·kg).结论可作为该制剂的制备工艺依据.     

超临界CO2萃取桃金娘果及其挥发性成分研究

［摘要］为研究超临界CO2萃取桃金娘果工艺条件及其挥发性成分的物质组成,实现桃金娘资源综合利用,考察了不同夹带剂、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取压力、萃取时间对桃金娘果提取得率的影响,通过单因素、正交试验,以桃金娘果萃取物得率为考察指标对超临界CO2萃取工艺参数进行优化;采用气相色谱-质谱分析桃金娘果萃取物中的挥发性成分。结果显示,最佳萃取工艺条件为：萃取压力12 Mpa、萃取温度35 ℃、CO2流量17.5 g/min、萃取时间为150 min。在优化的萃取条件下桃金娘果萃取物得率为10.52%。桃金娘果萃取物共分离鉴定出20种挥发性成分,占总量的7456%,主要为酯类、酸类、烃类、醇类、醛类成分。此研究为超临界CO2萃取桃金娘果中的活性成分提供基础数据,并为桃金娘的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

响应面优化超临界CO_2萃取牛至油工艺研究

试验采用提取率较高的超临界CO2萃取技术萃取牛至油。在单因素试验基础上通过响应面试验优化了牛至油的超临界CO2萃取工艺,确定的最优萃取工艺参数为:萃取压力35 Mpa,萃取温度50℃,CO2流率3.6 L/min,萃取时间3 h,此条件下牛至油得率达到5.82%。     

蛹虫草培养残基中虫草素的水热回流提取及含量测定

【目的】 探究水热回流法提取蛹虫草培养残基中活性成分虫草素的最佳工艺参数。【方法】 选取液料比、提取次数、提取温度、提取时间4个因素进行单因素试验和正交试验,并通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定虫草素含量,确定水热回流法提取蛹虫草培养残基的最佳工艺参数。【结果】 方法学验证结果表明,蛹虫草培养残基中虫草素含量的HPLC测定方法精密度、重复性、稳定性相对标准偏差（RSD）均<2%,准确度RSD为2.64%,标准曲线线性相关性高。正交试验结果显示,影响水热回流法提取效果的因素依次为提取时间、提取次数、液料比、提取温度,其中提取时间和提取次数对提取物虫草素含量均有显著影响（P<0.05）,提取温度和液料比影响不明显（P>0.05）。单因素试验和正交试验结果表明,蛹虫草培养残基的最佳提取工艺参数为：液料比25：1、提取次数5次、提取温度70 ℃、提取时间60 min,该提取条件下测得蛹虫草培养残基中虫草素含量为1.48 mg/g。【结论】 采用本研究确定的水热回流法最佳工艺参数能有效提取蛹虫草培养基活性成分,且操作简单实用,提取物活性成分得率稳定,为后续蛹虫草培养残基产品开发提供参考依据。     

正交设计法优化蒲公英中黄酮提取工艺

在510 nm最大吸收光时检测正交提取蒲公英中的黄酮含量,建立正交提取工艺,对提取物进行HPLC检测,色谱柱为Eclipse×DB-C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇∶1%冰醋酸=60∶40(v/v),流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温30℃,进样量20μL,在此色谱条件下测定黄酮含量。结果表明,各因素影响力大小为:pH值>浸泡时间>料液比;用HPLC测定蒲公英中的黄酮含量为9.26%。     

超声波法提取紫锥菊中菊苣酸的工艺优化研究

利用超声波技术对紫锥菊主要有效成份菊苣酸提取工艺条件进行了研究。在提取过程中采用单因素试验和正交试验分析了提取时间、提取次数、提取溶剂用量等对紫锥菊菊苣酸含量有主要影响的几个因素,确定了紫锥菊菊苣酸的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,超声波提取紫锥菊菊苣酸的最佳工艺条件为:以体积分数为55%的乙醇作为提取剂,提取时间45 min、提取次数为2次、乙醇用量为紫锥菊药材的8倍,提取物干膏得率为12.2%,菊苣酸含量为1.2%。所确定的最佳提取工艺稳定可行,适于工业化生产。     

Optimization of Stachydrine Hydrochloride in Leonurus Extraction Method by HPLC-ELSD

The study was aimed to extract stachydrine hydrochloride in leonurus by HPLC-ELSD,and establish hydrochloride stachydrine determination methods for providing theoretical basis of leonurus extraction process optimization.The chromatographic conditions:venusil HILIC hydrophilic column;Mobile phase was acetonitrile -0.2% acetic acid solution (volume ratio 80:20);The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;And the column temperature was 30 ℃;The detector was ELSD and drift tube temperature was 80 ℃ with the atomization chamber temperature 50 ℃ and carrier gas volume flow 1.0000 mL/min.The results showed that there was a good linear relationship when the stachydrine hydrochloride content was 0.49 to 4.91 μg (R²=0.9993);There was the highest rate of active ingredients extraction of when the extraction time was 1 h,material to water ratio was 20:1 and extracted for 2 times.Combined with production practice,the final optimization scheme was that the extraction time was 1.5 h,material to water ratio was 20:1 and extracted for 2 times.In summary,the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride in leonurus should use HPLC-ELSD method which had high specificity,good stability,response and reproducibility and easy to handle.This method could provide the theoretical basis for optimizing the leonurus extraction process.     

HPLC-ELSD法优化益母草中盐酸水苏碱提取工艺研究

试验旨在运用HPLC-ELSD法对益母草中盐酸水苏碱进行分离分析,建立益母草盐酸水苏碱含量测定的方法,为益母草提取工艺的优化提供理论依据。色谱条件:色谱柱为Venusil HILIC亲水型色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.2%冰醋酸溶液(体积比80:20);流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃;检测器:ELSD;漂移管温度 80 ℃,雾化室温度50 ℃,载气体积流量1.0000 mL/min。结果显示,盐酸水苏碱在0.49~4.91 μg时线性关系良好(R²=0.9993);在提取时间为1 h,提取次数为2次,料水比为20:1条件下,益母草有效成分提取率最高。结合生产实际,最终优化的提取方案:提取时间1.5 h,提取数2次,料水比为20:1。综上所述,对于益母草中盐酸水苏碱含量的测定,宜采用高效液相色谱的方法,同时应用蒸发光散射检测器。此方法具有特异性强、稳定性好、反应灵敏、操作简便、重现性好等特点,可为益母草提取工艺的优化提供相应的理论依据。     

Effects of dobutamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin on cardiovascular function in anesthetized neonatal foals with induced hypotension

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of dobutamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin on cardiovascular function and gastric mucosal perfusion in anesthetized foals during isoflurane-induced hypotension. ANIMALS: 6 foals that were 1 to 5 days of age. PROCEDURES: 6 foals received 3 vasoactive drugs with at least 24 hours between treatments. Treatments consisted of dobutamine (4 and 8 Sang/kg/min), norepinephrine (0.3 and 1.0 Sang/kg/min), and vasopressin (0.3 and 1.0 mU/kg/min) administered IV. Foals were maintained at a steady hypotensive state induced by a deep level of isoflurane anesthesia for 30 minutes, and baseline cardiorespiratory variables were recorded. Vasoactive drugs were administered at the low infusion rate for 15 minutes, and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded. Drugs were then administered at the high infusion rate for 15 minutes, and cardiorespiratory variables were recorded a third time. Gastric mucosal perfusion was measured by tonometry at the same time points. RESULTS: Dobutamine and norepinephrine administration improved cardiac index. Vascular resistance was increased by norepinephrine and vasopressin administration but decreased by dobutamine at the high infusion rate. Blood pressure was increased by all treatments but was significantly higher during the high infusion rate of norepinephrine. Oxygen delivery was significantly increased by norepinephrine and dobutamine administration; O2 consumption decreased with dobutamine. The O2 extraction ratio was decreased following norepinephrine and dobutamine treatments. The gastric to arterial CO2 gap was significantly increased during administration of vasopressin at the high infusion rate. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Norepinephrine and dobutamine are better alternatives than vasopressin for restoring cardiovascular function and maintaining splanchnic circulation during isoflurane-induced hypotension in neonatal foals.     

HPLC法测定徐长卿中绿原酸的含量

建立HPLC法测定徐长卿中绿原酸的含量。采用索氏提取法以70％的甲醇水溶液为提取剂对徐长卿中的绿原酸进行提取。在SHIMADZU C18色谱柱（250mm×4．6mm,5μm）,流动相乙腈-0．5％磷酸水溶液（1：9,V/V）;流速1．0mL/min;柱温25℃;检测波长327nm的条件下进行检测。结果表明,绿原酸在0．232—4．640μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0．9997。平均回收率为99．32％,RSD为0．216％（n=5）。该方法简便、可靠、重现性好,可作为徐长卿中绿原酸含量测定的方法。     

The prokinetic effect of mosapride citrate on horse gastric emptying rates

The prokinetic effect of the 5-HT4 receptor agonist mosapride was evaluated in seven healthy thoroughbreds. Mosapride was orally administered at doses of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg. The breath 13CO2/12CO2 rate (Delta13CO2), an indirect indicator for the rate of gastric emptying, was measured at appropriate points for 4 hr after drug administration. There was a significant increase compared with the control value at 15, 20 and 165 min for 0.5 mg/kg, 30 min at 1.0 mg/kg and 165 min for 1.5 mg/kg. The results suggest that mosapride may facilitate the gastric emptying in horses.     

苦参碱的提取纯化工艺研究

为了优化苦参碱的提取工艺,以浸膏收率、苦参碱含量为评价指标,选择用水量、提取时间及提取次数为考察因素,利用L9（3^4）正交试验法优选出水煎煮法提取苦参碱的最佳工艺条件为用8倍量水提取3次,每次提取2h。采用乙醇沉淀及三氯甲烷萃取相结合的方法对苦参粗提物进行纯化,浓缩药液浓度为1．0g生药／mL时进行醇沉,醇沉后调节药液的pH值至9～11用三氯甲烷萃取3次。优选出的提取工艺稳定、可行,可用于苦参碱的工业化提取。     

地克珠利在雏鸡体内的药动学研究

目的应用高效液相色谱测定单次给药后雏鸡体内地克珠利的血药浓度,研究其药动学规律。方法44羽雏鸡按10mg／kg．BW经口单次灌服地克珠利预混剂,采用高效液相色谱系统的流动相为乙腈：0．1％三氟乙酸：水,流速1．0mL／min,分流比57：20：23,固定相为TC-C18柱,检测波长280nm,测定地克珠利血浆浓度,计算其药动学参数。结果在0．3125～20μg／mL范围内,地克珠利血药浓度呈线性关系,最低检测浓度为0．16μg／mL,回收率在79．75％以上,日内RSD小于5．68％。单剂量给药后地克珠利的主要药动学参数为：血药浓度峰值（Cmax）32．97μg／mL,达峰时间（Tpeak）1．64h,消除半衰期（T1／2β）24．29h,药时曲线下面积（AUC）349．47（mg／L）·h,血浆清除率（CL）0．03mg／kg·h。结论地克珠利在雏鸡体内代谢符合一级吸收的二室模型,药物吸收比较快和消除缓慢。