基于线粒体控制区的鸡不同杂交组合遗传多样性研究

旨在探讨鸡不同杂交组合线粒体控制区（mtDNA D-loop区）的遗传多样性和单倍型特性。选取固始鸡和隐性白羽鸡及其正、反交F1代、藏鸡以及F2代等6个群体共387个个体的mtDNA D-loop区进行测序,分析其遗传规律和单倍型特性,并与不同红色原鸡亚种进行聚类,分析其母系起源。结果显示,6个群体D-loop区全序列大小为1 231 bp,共检测到28个多态位点和1个C碱基缺失,共构成19种单倍型,分为A、B、C和E 4个单倍型群,其中,固始鸡和反交F1代主要为A、C单倍型,固始鸡A、C单倍型比例分别为53.42%和46.58%,反交F1代A、C单倍型比例分别为50.75%和49.25%;隐性白羽鸡、正交F1代和F2代优势单倍型均为E单倍型,占比分别为48.89%、48.84%和50.00%。6个鸡群体单倍型多样度（Hd）在0.496~0.729之间,核苷酸多样度（Pi）在0.003 40~0.005 41之间,Hd值和Pi值最大的均为正交F1代,其次为隐性白羽鸡和F2代,固始鸡和反交F1代群体遗传多样性接近。聚类分析显示,A、B单倍型群与滇南亚种交叉聚为一枝;E单倍型群与印度亚种交叉聚为一枝;C单倍型群与印度亚种、指名亚种、印尼亚种以及滇南亚种聚为一枝。结果提示,mtDNA D-loop区遵循严格的母系遗传,后代的遗传多样性和单倍型比例与其母本基本一致;我国家鸡群体具有多个红色原鸡母系起源,且主要起源于原鸡滇南亚种。     

Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Danzhou Chicken Assessed with Mitochondrial Complete DNA D-loop Region Sequencing

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and evolution of Danzhou chicken.The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop regions of 36 Danzhou chickens were amplified,sequenced and analyzed.The sequencing reads were compared with the complete mtDNA D-loop sequence of several relative strains of chicken annotated in GenBank,and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The genetic diversity and its evolutionary relationship in Danzhou chicken were analyzed.The results showed that the lengths of PCR products at the D-loop region were 1 210 bp,with 59.9% being A+T and 40.1% as C+G.The variable regions were 167-1 215 bp,and the high variable regions were mainly 167-367 bp.A total of 20 variable sites that defined 6 haplotypes were identified.The average haplotype diversity (Hd) and average number of nucleotide difference (k) were 0.571 and 6.449,respectively,the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00537,and the Tajima's D value of neutrality test was 1.61643.6 haplotypes could be grouped to 3 haplogroups (A,B and C) as determined by phylogenic analysis,with B clade,as the most abundant population.It concluded that the genetic diversity and haplotype diversity of Danzhou chicken were relatively low.Phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic composition of Danzhou chicken came from 3 maternal ancestors,Gallus gallus spadiceus,Gallus gallus bankiva and Gallus gallus jabouillei were potential ancestors.There was few influence of exotic lineage detected,which indicated that Danzhou chicken was a relatively conserved breed.     

中国6个地方鸡品种的母系起源

通过对线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop区的测序和比对,探讨了中国6个地方鸡品种的母系起源。结果表明,文昌鸡、鲁西斗鸡、寿光鸡、济宁百日鸡和莱芜黑鸡分别有5、5、5、6和7种单倍型,琅琊鸡只有3种单倍型;6个地方鸡品种聚为3个分支：分支A是1个主要分支,共有17种单倍型,有寿光鸡（10只）、鲁西斗鸡（9只）、文昌鸡（5只）、莱芜黑鸡（6只）、济宁百日鸡（6只）和琅琊鸡（2只）,分别占所分析各地方鸡品种个体数的100%、90%、84%、75%、60%和20%,与分布于老挝、云南红原鸡的3个大陆亚种（G.g.gallus、G.g.jabouile和G.g.spadi-ceus）关系较近;分支B中包含8只琅琊鸡（80%）和1只济宁百日鸡（10%）;分支C中有1只鲁西斗鸡（10%）、1只文昌鸡（16.7%）、2只莱芜黑鸡（25%）和3只济宁百日鸡（30%）;分支B和C分别与来自红原鸡G.g.gallus亚种H19单倍型和H32、H33单倍型聚在一起。推测这6个地方鸡品种分别来自云南、老挝和越南附近地区的红原鸡大陆亚种。基因流是上述品种群体间遗传分化的主要因素。错配分布和Fu＇sFs检验表明,分布于山东的5个地方鸡品种未发生群体扩张。     

不同类型肉鸡线粒体单倍型与遗传起源研究

旨在探讨鸡线粒体D-loop区单倍型特性以及与生长速度的相关性,并分析其遗传起源。选取不同类型肉鸡品种（配套系）6个,测定其生产性能,并对6个群体共计314个个体线粒体D-loop区全长进行测序,分析其单倍型特性;同时与不同红色原鸡亚种进行聚类,分析其母系起源。结果显示,6个群体D-loop区全序列共检测到37个突变位点,构成40种单倍型,分为A、B、C和E 4个单倍型群,其中AA肉鸡、罗斯308、禽雁麻鸡和裕禾1号肉鸡主要为E单倍型,占比分别为85.92%、50.00%、100.00%和70.21%;园丰麻鸡2号和港丰瑶黑麻鸡E单倍型占比相对较低,分别为15.00%和22.39%,园丰麻鸡2号B单倍型含量最高,占比66.67%,港丰瑶黑麻鸡C单倍型含量最高,占比40.30%。相关性分析显示,初生重与E单倍型比例之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与A、B和C单倍型比例之间均呈负相关;E单倍型比例与公母平均体重约1.8 kg时日龄之间呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,而与公母平均体重约1.8 kg时饲料转化比之间呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。聚类分析显示,A、B单倍型所有个体均与原鸡滇南亚种聚为一枝;E单倍型所有个体均与原鸡印度亚种聚为一枝;C单倍型所有个体与原鸡印度亚种、滇南亚种、指名亚种以及印尼亚种交叉聚为一类。结果提示,线粒体单倍型与肉鸡生长速度之间相关显著,E单倍型与肉鸡生长速度具有较强的正相关;我国家鸡群体母系起源丰富,但主要起源于原鸡滇南亚种。     

鸡催乳素基因外显子5的多态性及Taq Ⅰ位点与边鸡繁殖性状的相关性分析

研究采用DNA池直接测序法寻找边鸡催乳素基因外显子5区域的多态位点。用PCR-RFLP技术检测发现的Taq I位点在边鸡以及3个对照鸡品种(京海黄鸡、尤溪麻鸡和AA鸡)中的单核苷酸多态性,并与边鸡的繁殖性状进行相关性分析。结果表明:在外显子5区域检测到3个突变位点(C5749T、T5821C、C5956T)。T5821C位点经Taq I酶切显示3种基因型(AA、AB和BB)。在4个鸡品种中都以A等位基因为优势等位基因。最小二乘分析表明,边鸡3种基因型个体的繁殖性状无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

普洱毛脚乌鸡与南涧绿耳乌鸡线粒体DNA母系遗传分析

In order to elucidate the genetic differences between Puer Miaojiao and Nanjian Lver black bone chicken, the hypervariable region I sequence variations in mtDNA D loop of the respective 48 random samples from Puer Miaojiao and Nanjian Lver black bone chicken were examined by direct sequencing of PCR products in the present study, and an analysis of population genetics and phylogenetics were conducted on the data obtained. In Puer Miaojiao black bone chicken, a total of 24 polymorphic sites included 2 singleton polymorphic sites and 24 parsimony informative sites were detected, which defined 12 haplotypes and the unique haplotypes accounted for 50%. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average genetic distance within the population were 0.829±0.039,0.01559±0.00068 and 0.016±0.003, respectively. In Nanjian Lver black bone chicken, a total of 28 polymorphic sites included 0 singleton polymorphic site and 28 parsimony informative sites were detected, which defined 13 haplotypes and the unique haplotypes accounted for 53.85%. In this population, the haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average genetic distance within the population were 0.907±0.018,0.01590±0.00056 and 0.016±0.003, respectively. Phylogenetic and genetic divergence analysis revealed that there were A,B,E,F and G five matrilineages in Puer Miaojiao black bone chicken which accounted for 45.83%,2.08%,8.33%,16.67% and 27.09%, respectively. And there were A,B,C, E,F and G six matrilineages in Nanjian Lver black bone chicken which accounted for 22.92%,14.58%,4.17%,10.42%,16.67% and 31.25%, respectively. The results in this study indicated that the population genetic variation in Nanjian Lver black bone chicken are higher than that in Puer Miaojiao black bone chicken and the population genetic composition for the two chicken populations were significantly different. They are mainly for the native chicken descent by birth, but there may be a small amount of commercial chicken blood mixed.     

Study on Genetic Diversity and System Evolution of mtDNA D-Loop Region in Xianglushan Chicken

This study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution in Xianglushan chicken.The full-length sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-Loop (mtDNA D-Loop) region of 121 Xianglushan chickens were analyzed by PCR amplification combined with bidirectional sequencing,and the composition,variation and maternal origin of mtDNA D-Loop region were discussed.The results showed that the total length of mtDNA D-Loop region in Xianglushan chicken was 1 231-1 233 bp.The contents of A,T,C and G were 26.62%,33.55%,26.49% and 13.34%,respectively.The content of T was the highest,the content of G was the lowest,and the content of A+T was significantly higher than that of G+C,it indicated that region might have certain base hobbies.Analysis of 121 full-length sequences were found to coexist in 11 haplotypes and 26 mutation sites,of which 2 were single polymorphic information sites,24 were simple information sites,4 bases were inserted and 2 bases were missing.The genetic diversity analysis results showed that the haplotype diversity was 0.814,the nucleotide diversity was 0.00447,the average nucleic acid difference was 5.494,which indicated that the genetic diversity of Xianglushan chicken was relatively rich,the effect of preservation was better,which had a certain breeding space.Tajima's D was 0.39378 and the test results were not significant (P>0.10),in line with neutral mutations.The cluster analysis results showed that Xianglushan chicken and Gallus gallus gathered as one,indicating that Xianglushan chicken originated from Gallus gallus, and there were 4 branches inside the branch,indicating that Xianglushan chicken had many matrilineal origins.The results could provide some reference data for the protection and exploitation of pheasant germplasm resources in Xianglushan chicken.     

泰国红色原鸡和中国红色原鸡mtDNA控制区遗传多态性和分类关系研究

对泰国红色原鸡Gallus gallus gallus亚种和中国红色原鸡Gallus gallus spadiceus亚种各16个个体mtDNAD-loop序列进行系统分析,测定线粒体D-loop部分序列大小约为560bp,A、C、G、T这4种核苷酸的平均比例分别为13.6%、43.2%、4.3%和38.9%,A+T含量高于G+C含量。结果共发现27个变异位点,颠换和转换之比为0.13,没有观测到插入/缺失情况。测定的6种单倍型中,2个红色原鸡亚种没有共享单倍型,单倍型多样度分别为0.250和0.695,平均核苷酸差异数分别为3.750和10.833,核苷酸多样度分别为0.954%和2.757%。泰国红色原鸡中性检验的Tajima'sD值为-1.800(P<0.05),不符合中性突变。2个红色原鸡亚种间核苷酸分歧度(Dxy)为2.847%,核苷酸净遗传距离(Da)为0.991%。序列群体间的方差组分(Va)占总变异的47.31%,Fst=0.473,差异极显著(P<0.01);群体间mtDNAD-loopFst值也差异显著(P=0.035)。红色原鸡2个亚种具有不同的群体遗传结构,群体之间存在明显的遗传分化,本研究支持这2个亚种并非是同一个亚种的观点。     

大围山微型鸡POU1F1基因编码区的克隆及序列分析

大围山微型鸡是我国目前报道的体形最小、体重最轻的地方优良品种,具有较高的屠宰率和饲料报酬。研究通过设计特定引物对大围山微型鸡POU1F1基因的编码区进行PCR分段扩增并测序。利用分子生物学软件对其基因序列及编码产物的结构、功能进行了生物信息学分析,并构建其系统发育关系。结果表明,大围山微型鸡POU1F1基因编码区全长984bp,与原鸡的POU1F1基因（NM〈sub〉2〈/sub〉04319）比对,在836位处发生一次碱基转换（C/T）,但未造成氨基酸改变;其编码产物由327个氨基酸残基组成,分子质量为38801.19Da,理论等电点为8.67;系统发育树结果表明,不同物种间在该基因编码区核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列上有较高的相似性,大围山微型鸡与原鸡POU1F1基因编码区核苷酸序列和氨基酸的相似性分别达到了99%和100%。大围山微型鸡POU1F1基因编码区的成功克隆,为进一步研究POU1F1基因的遗传特性和大围山微型鸡的矮小机理奠定了基础。     

固原鸡线粒体DNA控制区全序列测定及分析

固原鸡是宁夏唯一的地方鸡品种资源,具有肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养丰富等遗传特性。该试验采用PCR和直接测序的方法测定固原鸡(白羽、麻羽、红羽)线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区(D-loop)全序列,结果表明固原鸡3个类群线粒体DNA控制区全序列长度分别为1230bp、1231bp或1232bp。分析种内的遗传变异,3个类群固原鸡共发现6个变异位点,其中4个转换,2个缺失/插入,没有观测到颠换;A、T碱基含量占59.9%~60.0%,G、C碱基含量占40.0%;固原鸡与其它8种禽类的D-loop基因序列同源性的分子进化树聚类结果表明固原鸡不同类群与红色原鸡亲缘关系最近。     

云南水牛mtDNA D-loop遗传多样性研究

[目的] 探究云南3个水牛品种(德宏水牛、滇东南水牛、盐津水牛)的mtDNA D-loop区的遗传多样性与母系起源。[方法]采用PCR扩增、测序及生物信息学方法。[结果] 本研究共分析了215条云南水牛mtDNA D-loop全序列,检测到107个多态位点,定义了86种单倍型。结果表明,云南3个水牛品种的mtDNA遗传多样性非常丰富,其中,滇东南水牛的遗传多样性最高(Hd: 0.946±0.017,Pi: 0.0162±0.0018),盐津水牛的遗传多样性最低(Hd: 0.805±0.063,Pi: 0.0141±0.0031)。系统发育分析结果表明,在3个云南水牛品种中检测到2个主要支系(A和B支系及其亚支系)及一个稀有支系C,其中A支系为主要支系(79.07%),且经历了强烈的群体扩张。[结论] 云南3个水牛品种具有丰富的mtDNA遗传多样性,主要有A与B两个母系起源。     

基于线粒体COⅠ基因的2个新发现鸡种资源DNA编码研究

以中国2个新发现鸡种资源金湖乌凤鸡、安义瓦灰鸡及地方鸡种狼山鸡为研究对象,利用DNA测序技术测定了线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（cytochrome c oxidase Ⅰ,COⅠ）基因序列,揭示2个新发现资源COⅠ基因的遗传多样性及其与地方鸡种的遗传关系。结果显示,选择的这段COⅠ基因序列在2个新发现资源和狼山鸡中有10个突变位点,为7个单倍型,其中有3个为特异性突变位点,5个特异性单倍型。金湖乌凤鸡、安义瓦灰鸡和狼山鸡群体内平均核苷酸多样度（Pi）分别为0.068%;0.051%和0.0369%,单倍型多样度（H）分别为0.4167、0.3030和0.9000。狼山鸡的遗传多样性大于2个新发现资源。3个地方鸡群体间的Kimura双参数遗传距离范围为－0.002～0.236;种间遗传距离小于种内遗传距离。结果表明,利用COⅠ这一特定基因的特定区段来做DNA条形编码的基础,进行不同鸡品种鉴定具有方便、快捷、经济、准确等优点,是可行和有效的。     

原鸡与文昌鸡杂交F1和F2代肉质性状比较研究

本试验通过比较原鸡（♂）与文昌鸡（♀）杂交F1和F2代肉质性状,探讨原鸡与文昌鸡杂交改良肉质的效果。选用健康、体重相近的1日龄原鸡（♂）与文昌鸡（♀）杂交F1代和杂交F1代（♂）与文昌鸡（♀）杂交F2代肉鸡各60只,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。饲喂相同日粮,试验第90、120 天时,每个重复随机取10只鸡进行屠宰,取胸肌和腿肌样本测定肉质性状相关指标。结果表明,除90日龄F1和F2代胸肌和腿肌pH、胸肌剪切力及120日龄F1和F2代胸肌和腿肌24 h的滴水损失、剪切力和腿肌pH_{24 h}差异不显著外（P＞0.05）,其他肉质物理性状指标均差异显著（P＜0.05）;而对肌肉组织学而言,除120日龄F1和F2代腿肌的肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度差异不显著外（P>0.05）,其他处理间均差异显著（P＜0.05）,F2代肌纤维密度高于F1代,尤其母鸡杂交优势更明显;在肌肉化学方面,除120日龄腿肌粗脂肪含量各杂交后代差异显著外（P＜0.05）,90和120日龄杂交后代胸肌和腿肌的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和胆固醇含量均无显著差异（P＞0.05）,无显著杂交优势。提示,原鸡与文昌鸡杂交F2代更适合作为优质肉鸡开发利用,120日龄出栏较适宜。     

A Genetic Diversity Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region in Four High Quality Chicken Breeds

This study was conducted to elucidate the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region in Qingyuan partridge chicken group 1,Qingyuan partridge chicken group 2,Yangshan chicken and Qingyuan Yellow feather black-bone chicken.The specific primers were designed according to mtDNA D-loop region of Gullus gullus spadiceus (accession No.:NC_007235.1) in GenBank.The sequence was analyzed after PCR amplification and sequencing,and the haplotype number,polymorphism number,haplotype diversity,nucleotide diversity and nucleotide mean difference were counted.The evolution divergence among breeds was calculated by Mega 5.10 software,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.The results showed that the length of mtDNA D-loop region in four high quality chicken breeds was 591 bp,and 549 bp were used for subsequent analysis.The content of A,T,C and G were 27.2% to 27.3%,30.1% to 30.4%,29.5% to 29.8% and 12.8% to 12.9%,respectively,and the average content of G+C was 42.5%.There were 92 polymorphic sites which contained 14 singleton variable sites and 78 parsimony informative sites,and the percentage of transitions and transversions were 89.13% (82/92) and 10.87% (10/92),respectively.The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.682 to 0.835,and the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00849 to 0.01167.There were 32 haplotypes in all sequences,which could be divided into clades A,B,C and E,however,most of the individuals belonged to clades B (51.2%) and E (37.6%).The phylogenetic tree results showed that four high quality chicken breeds could be classified as 4 branches which were consistent with the haplotypes classification results.The results indicated that the four high quality chicken populations from Qingyuan had relatively high haplotype and nucleotide diversity and likely shared two or more common maternal lineages.     

Genetic diversity of mtDNA D-loop sequences in four native Chinese chicken breeds

1. To explore the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, a 585 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region was sequenced in 102 birds from the Xichuan black-bone chicken, Yunyang black-bone chicken and Lushi chicken. In addition, 30 mtDNA D-loop sequences of Silkie fowls were downloaded from NCBI. The mtDNA D-loop sequence polymorphism and maternal origin of 4 chicken breeds were analysed in this study.

2. The results showed that a total of 33 mutation sites and 28 haplotypes were detected in the 4 chicken breeds. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of these 4 native breeds were 0.916 ± 0.014 and 0.012 ± 0.002, respectively. Three clusters were formed in 4 Chinese native chickens and 12 reference breeds. Both the Xichuan black-bone chicken and Yunyang black-bone chicken were grouped into one cluster. Four haplogroups (A, B, C and E) emerged in the median-joining network in these breeds.

3. It was concluded that these 4 Chinese chicken breeds had high genetic diversity. The phylogenetic tree and median network profiles showed that Chinese native chickens and its neighbouring countries had at least two maternal origins, one from Yunnan, China and another from Southeast Asia or its surrounding area.     

来航鸡FOXL2基因的克隆与序列分析

为了研究来航鸡FOXL2基因的结构及功能,根据GenBank上登录的红色原鸡FOXL2基因序列设计引物,对来航鸡FOXL2基因进行了克隆、测序,并对该序列进行生物信息学分析。结果表明:克隆得到的来航鸡FOXL2基因全长为1 130 bp(GenBank登录号为JF708868),包含1个918 bp的完整开放式阅读框,编码305个氨基酸,其CDS编码区的核苷酸序列与红色原鸡、人、牛、野猪、家鼠、欧洲兔、蟾蜍、斑马鱼及罗非鱼的FOXL2基因对应序列的同源性分别为99.8%、80.0%、80.4%、80.3%、80.5%、81.5%、77.7%、71.8%、75.5%,推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为99.7%、64.7%、64.7%、65.4%、63.5%、63.8%、79.7%、78.3%、79.9%;FOXL2编码蛋白主要存在于细胞核中,存在1个保守结构域,不含信号肽、跨膜结构域和剪切位点,并存在2个蛋白质激酶C磷酸化位点、1个cAMP和cGMP依赖的蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、2个N-糖基化位点、3个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和4个N-豆蔻酰化位点,预测最佳抗原表位候选区域为45～49位(SQKPP)、147～152位(RPPPTH)和169～173位(SPPKY)。     

京海黄鸡中HOXC10基因表达规律及其生物信息学分析

同源异型盒基因（homeobox genes,HOX）是在酵母乃至人类等几乎所有的真核细胞中均表达的一类基因。为了探究HOXC10基因表达规律及其生物信息学,采用qRT-PCR方法研究HOXC10基因在8周龄京海黄鸡心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胸肌、腿肌、下丘脑和卵巢组织中的表达规律,检测其在300日龄高、低产组卵巢组织的表达差异,并通过多种在线软件对原鸡HOXC10基因进行生物信息学分析。结果显示,HOXC10基因在京海黄鸡腿肌中表达丰度极显著高于其他组织（P < 0.01）,且300日龄高产组中HOXC10基因表达丰度显著低于低产组（P < 0.05）。原鸡HOXC10基因序列与火鸡、野鸽、绿头鸭、人、小鼠、牛、猪、山羊及非洲爪蟾的同源性分别为77.4%、94.8%、98.6%、68.3%、67.9%、66.0%、59.0%、68.1%和79.4%;HOXC10基因共编码354个氨基酸,其中丝氨酸的含量最高,潜在的磷酸化位点有24个,在280~342的氨基酸序列内存在一个同源结构域,蛋白质亚细胞主要定位在细胞核中,且不包含跨膜结构。HOXC10基因在京海黄鸡生长和繁殖的基因调控网络中发挥了重要作用。     

Tissue Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of HOXC10 Gene in Jinghai Yellow Chicken

HOX genes express in nearly all eukaryotic cells such as yeast and human.To study tissue expression and bioinformatics of HOXC10 gene,the samples of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,chest muscle,leg muscle,hypothalamus and ovary tissues were collected from 6 Jinghai Yellow chicken with 8-week-old to analyze the expression pattern of HOXC10 gene in different tissues by qRT-PCR method,and the different expression level were detected in ovary of 300 days old chickens in high yield group and low yield group.The bioinformatics of HOXC10 gene were analyzed by a variety of online softwares of Gallus gallus.The result showed that the expression level of HOXC10 gene in leg muscle was extremely significantly higher than that in other tissues of Jinghai Yellow chicken (P < 0.01);And it's expression level in low yield group was significantly higher than that in high yield group (P < 0.05);HOXC10 gene of Gallus gallus shared 77.4%,94.8%,98.6%,68.3%,67.9%,66.0%,59.0%,68.1% and 79.4% with Meleagris gallopavo,Columba,Anas platyrhynchos,Homo sapiens,Mus musculus,Bos taurus,Sus scrofa,Capra aegagrus hircus and Xenopus laevis,respectively;HOXC10 gene encoded 354 amino acids in which serine was the most abundant;There were 24 potential phosphorylation sites and a HD in 280 to 342 position of amino acid sequence;The subcellular of the encoding protein was mainly located in the cell nucleus,and it had no cross membrane structure.HOXC10 gene might play an important role in regulation network of growth and reproduction in Jinghai Yellow chicken.     

麒麟鸡（卷羽鸡）体尺性状与屠宰性能的测定及相关性分析

为了研究抗热应激品种麒麟鸡（卷羽鸡）的肉用开发价值,试验对12周龄麒麟鸡体尺性状和屠宰性能进行测定及相关性分析,并构建简单回归方程。结果表明,12周龄麒麟公鸡龙骨长和胫长显著高于母鸡（P<0.05）;12周龄麒麟公鸡活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重和腿肌重显著高于母鸡（P<0.05）,腹脂重和皮脂厚显著低于母鸡（P<0.05）,其余指标公、母差异不显著（P＞0.05）;麒麟鸡屠宰性能与体尺性状绝大多数存在显著或极显著相关性,并建立了主要屠宰性状的回归模型,为通过麒麟鸡活体的体尺测量结果预测屠宰性能指标提供一定理论依据,同时加速了麒麟鸡的遗传育种进程。     

贵妃鸡与麒麟鸡杂交后代公鸡生长性能测定

本研究以贵妃鸡（G）和麒麟鸡（K）为素材,比较贵妃鸡♂×麒麟鸡♀（GK）、麒麟鸡♂×贵妃鸡♀（KG）两种组合公鸡的体重、饲料报酬以及生长速率。结果表明：①体重：GK、KG组合的出壳重分别为34.76g和28.99g,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。16周龄GK、KG组合体重分别为1464.81g和1433.62g,差异显著（P〈0.05）;②饲料报酬：16周龄GK、KG组合公鸡的料重比分别为5.36和4.33。总体来讲,1-9周龄KG组合公鸡饲料转化率不如GK组合,而10-16周龄KG组合公鸡饲料转化率优于GK组合;③生长速率：GK组合公鸡的生长速率均高于KG组合,1周龄内的相对生长速率最大。随着日龄的增加,相对生长速率均呈现逐渐下降的趋势。