中国6个地方鸡品种的母系起源

通过对线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop区的测序和比对,探讨了中国6个地方鸡品种的母系起源。结果表明,文昌鸡、鲁西斗鸡、寿光鸡、济宁百日鸡和莱芜黑鸡分别有5、5、5、6和7种单倍型,琅琊鸡只有3种单倍型;6个地方鸡品种聚为3个分支：分支A是1个主要分支,共有17种单倍型,有寿光鸡（10只）、鲁西斗鸡（9只）、文昌鸡（5只）、莱芜黑鸡（6只）、济宁百日鸡（6只）和琅琊鸡（2只）,分别占所分析各地方鸡品种个体数的100%、90%、84%、75%、60%和20%,与分布于老挝、云南红原鸡的3个大陆亚种（G.g.gallus、G.g.jabouile和G.g.spadi-ceus）关系较近;分支B中包含8只琅琊鸡（80%）和1只济宁百日鸡（10%）;分支C中有1只鲁西斗鸡（10%）、1只文昌鸡（16.7%）、2只莱芜黑鸡（25%）和3只济宁百日鸡（30%）;分支B和C分别与来自红原鸡G.g.gallus亚种H19单倍型和H32、H33单倍型聚在一起。推测这6个地方鸡品种分别来自云南、老挝和越南附近地区的红原鸡大陆亚种。基因流是上述品种群体间遗传分化的主要因素。错配分布和Fu＇sFs检验表明,分布于山东的5个地方鸡品种未发生群体扩张。

Maternal Origins of Six Indigenous Chicken Breeds in China

The maternal origins of six Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were investigated by sequencing the D-loop region of mtDNA.Of the six chicken breeds,Wenchang,Luxi game,Shouguang,Jining Bairi and Laiwu Black have five,five,five,six and seven haplotypes respectively,whereas Langya breed has only three haplotypes.Six Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were clustered in three clades,of which clade A is dominant.Clade A includes 17 haplotypes which are shared by ten Shouguang,nine Luxi game,five Wenchang,six Laiwu Black,six Jining Bairi and two Langya individuals,accounting for 100%,90%,84%,75%,60% and 20% of the total number of each breed,respectively.These indigenous chickens have close relationship with the G.g.gallus,G.g.jabouile and G.g.spadiceus distributed in Laos and Yunnan Province in China.Clade B contained eight Langya(80%) and one Jining Bairi individuals(10%).Clade C contained one Luxi game(10%),one Wenchang(16.7%),two Laiwu Black(25%) and three Jining Bairi individuals(30%).Domestic chickens of Clade B and C were clustered with H19 and H32,H33 of G.g.gallus.The cluster results indicated that the six Chinese indigenous chicken breeds may originated from the continental subspecies of Gallus gallus of Yunnan,Laos and Vietnam or its surrounding areas.Gene flow is the major factor affecting genetic diversity of these chicken breeds.Mismatch distribution and Fu's Fs test suggested that the five Shandong indigenous chicken breeds did not undergo population expansion in the past.