杜洛克猪HMGA1基因多态位点与生长、饲料利用性状的关联分析

试验对HMGA1基因的两个SNPs位点进行分析,研究了HMGA1基因核苷酸多态性与生长、饲料利用性状的关联性。利用大白猪和民猪重测序结果比较发现了HMGA1基因的两个SNPs位点（g.-543 T > C和g.1356 C > T）,利用Sequenom质谱测序平台对杜洛克猪g.-543 T > C和g.1356 C > T位点进行基因分型,并分析该位点多态性与生长、饲料利用性状的关联性。结果发现,杜洛克猪群体g.-543 T>C位点,CT与CC基因型相比,90日龄体重升高了2.15 kg（P<0.05）,30 kg体重日龄降低了3.21 d（P<0.05）,断奶重升高,剩余采食量降低,100 kg体重日龄减少,30~100 kg平均日增重、40~90 kg平均日采食量、40~90 kg平均日增重均降低。杜洛克猪群体g.1356 C>T位点,CC与TT基因型相比,90日龄体重升高了0.37 kg（P<0.05）;平均日采食量降低0.13 kg/d（P<0.05）,100 kg背膘厚降低0.43 mm（P<0.05）,剩余采食量降低了70.42 g（P<0.05）,30 kg体重日龄降低了0.56 d（P<0.05）;40~90 kg平均日采食量降低了0.17 kg（P<0.05）,断奶重升高,100 kg体重日龄增大,30~100、40~90 kg平均日增重均降低;CT与TT基因型结果与上结果类似。结果初步表明HMGA1基因两个SNPs位点的突变有利于杜洛克猪的生长、饲料利用效率的提高。     

Association Analysis on MAP3K5 Gene Polymorphism Site with Growth and Feed Efficiency Related Traits in Duroc Pigs

This study was aimed to analyze the association of four SNPs of MAP3K5 gene with growth and feed efficiency related traits in Duroc populations. Four SNPs(Ssc1:30769583 A>C;Ssc1:30781169 A>G;Ssc1:30940839 A>G;Ssc1:30962276 G>A)of MAP3K5 gene in Duroc populations were obtained by porcine SNP60 BeadChip（Illumina). The genotype frequency and allele frequency of four SNPs of MAP3K5 gene were analyzed,the result showed that four SNPs were the low-moderate mutation SNPs.The polymorphism of MAP3K5 gene and its association with feed efficiency related traits in Duroc population were analyzed. The results indicated that CC genotype individuals in Ssc1:30769583 A>C had significant lower RFI（133.08 g/d）than AA genotype individuals（P<0.05);GG genotype individuals in Ssc1:30781169 A>G had significant lower RFI（116.18 g/d）and ADFI（0.23 kg/d）than AG genotype individuals（P<0.05);GG genotype individuals in Ssc1:30940839 A>G had significant lower FCR（0.10%）than AG genotype individuals（P<0.05);AA genotype individual in Ssc1:30962276 G>A had significant lower ADG（0.04 kg/d）than GG genotype individuals（P<0.05). All in all,the results suggested that four SNPs polymorphisms of MAP3K5 gene had the significant impact on RFI, ADFI, FCR and ADG traits in Duroc pigs.     

杜洛克猪MAP3K5基因多态位点与生长、饲料利用性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究MAP3K5基因多态性与杜洛克猪生长、饲料利用性状的关联性。利用Illumina SNP60芯片测序结果比较发现了MAP3K5基因的4个SNPs位点（Ssc1：30769583 A>C;Ssc1：30781169 A>G;Ssc1：30940839 A>G;Ssc1：30962276 G>A）。统计获得MAP3K5基因的4个SNPs位点的基因型频率及等位基因频率,发现4个SNPs为低度－中度的多态突变位点。对MAP3K5基因多态性与生长、饲料利用性状的关联性进行分析,结果表明,杜洛克猪Ssc1：30769583 A>C位点CC基因型个体与AA基因型个体相比剩余采食量（RFI）性状降低了133.08 g/d（P<0.05）;Ssc1：30781169 A>G位点的GG基因型个体与AG基因型个体相比RFI性状降低了116.18 g/d（P<0.05）,ADFI性状降低了0.23 kg/d（P<0.05）;Ssc1：30940839 A>G位点的GG基因型个体与AG基因型个体相比饲料转化率（FCR）性状降低了0.10%（P<0.05）;Ssc1：30962276 G>A位点的AA基因型个体与GG基因型个体相比ADG性状降低了0.04 kg/d（P<0.05）。试验初步认为MAP3K5基因4个SNPs位点的多态性对杜洛克猪的RFI、ADFI、FCR和ADG具有一定影响。     

杜洛克猪HLCS基因多态位点与生长发育性状的相关性分析

本研究旨在明确羧化全酶合成酶（holocarboxylase synthetase,HLCS）基因突变与杜洛克猪生长发育性状的相关性。利用Illumina SNP60芯片测序结果研究HLCS基因的突变位点,分析突变位点的多态性信息、突变位点与生长发育性状的关联性及突变位点的单倍型。结果显示,杜洛克猪HLCS基因具有4个SNPs位点：Ssc13：200455646 T>C、Ssc13：200458655 G>C、Ssc13：200504530 G>T、Ssc13：200551864 T>G,均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）,呈现中度多态性。关联分析结果发现,Ssc13：200455646 T>C位点TT基因型100 kg背膘、剩余采食量均显著高于TC和CC基因型（P<0.05）;Ssc13：200458655 G>C位点GG基因型个体100 kg背膘、剩余采食量均显著高于CG和CC基因型（P<0.05）;Ssc13：200504530 G>T位点GT基因型平均日采食量、平均日增重均显著高于TT基因型（P<0.05）,GT基因型个体100 kg日龄显著小于TT基因型（P<0.05）;Ssc13：200551864 T>G位点TG基因型平均日采食量、平均日增重均显著高于GG基因型（P<0.05）,TG基因型个体100 kg日龄显著小于GG基因型（P<0.05）;其余性状各位点不同基因型间无显著差异（P>0.05）。Ssc13：200455646 T>C和Ssc13：200458655 G>C位点呈现高度连锁,Ssc13：200504530 G>T与Ssc13：200551864 T>G位点呈现高度连锁。结果表明,HLCS基因4个SNPs位点的多态性与杜洛克猪的剩余采食量、平均日采食量、平均日增重、100 kg日龄和100 kg背膘均具有显著相关性,可为猪的生长发育遗传改良奠定基础。     

苦玄参提取物对仔猪生长性能的影响研究

[目的]试验旨在探讨苦玄参提取物对仔猪生长性能的影响,为其在动物生产中更好地应用提供参考依据。[方法]选取体重相近的28~35日龄杜×长×大三元杂交的健康断奶仔猪250头,随机分为5组(A、B、C、D、E组),每组设5个重复,每个重复10头。其中,A、B、C组依次为苦玄参提取物高、中、低3个剂量试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加3.500、1.750和0.875g/kg苦玄参提取物;D组在基础日粮中添加对照药物七补散4.0g/kg;E组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮,预饲期7d,正试期30d。于试验正式开始的第0天、第15天和第30天7:00分别对各组的每一头试验猪进行空腹称重,并每天记录每个组试验猪的采食量,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。[结果]添加苦玄参提取物后,A、B、C组仔猪的体重、ADG及ADFI,与E组相比显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)增加,而料重比降低;其中苦玄参提取物中剂量组仔猪的体重、平均日增重及平均日采食量提升最明显,料重比也极显著低于D组与E组(P<0.01)。[结论]苦玄参提取物对仔猪生长具有一定的促进作用,以1.750g/kg的添加剂量添加在饲料中效果最佳。     

Factors affecting performance response of pigs exposed to different challenge models: a multivariate approach

Factors associated with the severity with which different challenge models (CMs) compromise growth performance in pigs were investigated using hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) analysis. One hundred seventy-eight studies reporting growth performance variables (average daily gain [ADG], average daily feed intake [ADFI], gain:feed [GF], and final body weight [FBW]) of a Control (Ct) vs. a Challenged (Ch) group of pigs using different CMs (enteric [ENT], environmental [ENV], lipopolysaccharide [LPS], respiratory [RES], or sanitary condition [SAN] challenges) were included. Studies were grouped by similarity in performance in three clusters (C1, C2, and C3) by HCPC. The effects of CM, cluster, and sex (males [M], females [F], mixed [Mi]) were investigated. Linear (LRP) and quadratic (QRP) response plateau models were fitted to assess the interrelationships between the change in ADG (∆ADG) and ADFI (∆ADFI) and the duration of challenge. All variables increased from C1 through C3, except for GF, which decreased (P < 0.05). LPS was more detrimental to ADG than ENV, RES, and SAN models (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LPS also lowered GF more than all the other CMs (P < 0.05). The ∆ADG independent of ∆ADFI was significant in LPS and SAN (P < 0.05), showed a trend toward the significance in ENT and RES (P < 0.10), and was not significant in ENV (P > 0.10), while the ∆ADG dependent on ∆ADFI was significant in ENT, ENV, and LPS only (P < 0.05). The critical value of ∆ADFI influencing the ∆ADG was significant in pigs belonging to C1 (P < 0.05) but not C2 or C3 (P > 0.10). The ∆ADG independent of duration post-Ch (irreparable portion of growth) was significant in C1 and C2 pigs, whereas the ∆ADFI independent of duration post-Ch (irreparable portion of feed intake) was significant in C1 pigs only (P < 0.05). Moreover, the time for recovery of ADG and ADFI after Ch was significant in pigs belonging to C1 and C2 (P < 0.05). Control F showed reduced ADG compared with Ct-M, and Ch-F showed reduced ADFI compared with Ch-M (P < 0.05). Moreover, the irreparable portion of ΔADG was 4.8 higher in F (−187.7; P < 0.05) compared with M (−39.1; P < 0.05). There are significant differences in growth performance response to CM based on cluster and sex. Furthermore, bacterial lipopolysaccharide appears to be an appropriate noninfectious model for immune stimulation and growth impairment in pigs.     

模拟条件下鸡舍氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响

本试验旨在研究不同氨气浓度对肉鸡生长性能和日常行为的影响。试验在4个人工气候环境控制舱中进行,氨气浓度分别控制在(0±5)mg/kg、(25±5)mg/kg、(50±5)mg/kg和(80±5)mg/kg。选取21日龄、体重相近[(579.2±6.2)g]和健康的爱拔益加(Arbor Acres)雄性肉鸡480只,随机分在4个组中,每组设4个重复,每个重复30只鸡,笼养,自由采食和饮水,试验期为4周。在试验第21、22和23天,用录像设备记录试验鸡的日常行为;试验结束当天,所有试验鸡空腹称重,计算试验期平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比。试验结果显示:1)在0～50 mg/kg氨气浓度范围内,肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量无显著差异(P>0.05);当氨气浓度达到80 mg/kg时,试验组肉鸡的平均日增重和平均日采食量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)在0～80 mg/kg氨气浓度范围内,肉鸡的料重比无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)当氨气浓度达到50 mg/kg时,肉鸡趴卧持续时间显著减少(P<0.05);当氨气浓度达到80 mg/kg时,肉鸡趴卧持续时间极显著减少(P<0.01),而站立的次数和持续时间及走动的次数均显著增加(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,鸡舍内氨气的大量聚集会抑制肉鸡的生长,并对肉鸡日常行为的正常表达产生一定的影响,从而影响肉鸡的健康与福利。     

银耳孢子发酵物与益生素对生长肥育猪生长性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在考察比较银耳孢子发酵物(TSF)、益生素对生长育肥猪不同阶段的促生长效果以及对猪肉品质的影响。采用单因素试验设计,将24头日龄相近,平均体重为(10.35±0.28)kg的"杜×太"杂交仔猪按照体重相近原则,随机分配到4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,4个组分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗生素组(在基础饲粮中添加0.15 g/kg土霉素+1.5 g/kg硫酸抗敌素)、TSF组(在基础饲粮中添加4 g/kg TSF)和益生素组(在基础饲粮中添加0.2 g/kg益生素)。试猪从10 kg饲喂到110 kg。结果表明:在10～20 kg阶段,TSF组、益生素组和抗生素组的生长性能无显著差异(P>0.05),但平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);21～50 kg阶段,TSF作用效果开始逐渐增强,TSF组ADG和ADFI有高于益生素组和抗生素组的趋势(P>0.05);50 kg以后,TSF组ADG则显著高于益生素组(P<0.05),而益生素组显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05)。TSF组与益生素组血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量在20 kg时差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.05);110 kg时,TSF组显著高于益生素组(P<0.05)。血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量的变化规侓类似IGF-Ⅰ。较之抗生素组,TSF组和益生素组均能显著提高双歧杆菌与乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05)。TSF组较益生素组有提高眼肌面积、肌内脂肪和降低剪切力及滴水损失的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,在20 kg前,TSF、益生素和抗生素促生长效果相当,而在20 kg以后,TSF的作用加强,50 kg以后,则显著高于益生素;生长性能的改善与血清IGF-Ⅰ、IgG及IgM含量的提高以及肠道菌群的改善有关;TSF对肉品质的作用较之益生素和抗生素有更好的效果。     

液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB)的酸化剂效应研究

采用单因子试验设计,研究了液态蛋氨酸羟基类似物(HMB)作为酸化剂对饲料品质和仔猪生产性能的影响。选用96头(28±3)日龄断奶的杜×长×约(DLY)仔猪,随机分为5个处理组:3个HMB组(每吨饲料中添加HMB为1.14、2.28、3.42kg)、对照组(基础日粮组)、复合酸化剂组(每吨饲料中添加3.0kg复合酸化剂)。结果表明,①HMB降低了饲料系酸力。②试验1～6周,添加HMB1.14kg/t组和2.28kg/t组均显著提高了采食量、日增重和饲料利用效率(P<0.05);添加HMB2.28kg/t组提高仔猪生产性能的效果优于复合酸化剂组(P>0.05)。③添加HMB显著降低了仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05)。HMB在断奶仔猪饲料中具有酸化剂作用。     

Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance,nutrient utilization,and organ health in finishing pigs and DON content in biological samples

The prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) is a concern for swine producers, and although there has been extensive research into the effects of DON in pigs, focus has been in young pigs and/or in short-term studies. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exposure to DON-contaminated diets in finisher pigs. A total of 200 pigs (76.6 ± 3.9 kg initial weight) were group housed (five pigs per pen; n = 10 pens/treatment) in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were fed a wheat-barley-soybean meal-based control (CONT) diet with no DON or the basal diet in which clean wheat was replaced by DON-contaminated wheat and wheat screenings to provide DON content of 1, 3, or 5 ppm (DON1, DON3, and DON5, respectively). Individual BW and pen feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Blood was collected on days 0, 14, and 43 and analyzed for indicators of liver and kidney health. Nitrogen (N)-balance was conducted immediately following the growth performance period to determine the effect of DON on nutrient utilization. Blood and urine samples collected during N balance were analyzed for DON content. Feeding DON reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG from days 0 to 28 compared with CONT, after which there was no effect of diet on ADFI and ADG. The G:F was lower (P < 0.05) in DON5 fed pigs compared with all treatments during days 0 to 7; however, no treatment effects on G:F was observed from days 8 to 42. Nitrogen retention was lower (P < 0.05) in DON3 and DON5 compared with DON1-fed pigs. Nitrogen retention efficiency was higher (P < 0.05) in DON1 compared with DON3 and DON5 and protein deposition for DON1 pigs was higher (P < 0.05) than all treatments. There were no treatment effects on indicators of liver and kidney health. As dietary DON intake increased, concentration of DON in blood and urine increased. Overall, although there was an initial decrease in ADG and ADFI in pigs receiving diets containing >1 ppm DON, pig performance recovered after a period of time, whereas nutrient utilization continued to be affected after recovery of performance. Moreover, the lack of DON on G:F indicates that the negative effects of DON on growth performance are largely due to reduced feed intake. Overall, although pigs maybe capable of adapting to intake of DON-contaminated diets, their final body weight will be reduced when fed diets containing >1 ppm DON.     

Effects of Adding Protein Peptide to Diets on Growth Performance and Nutrient Apparent Digestibility of Growing Pigs

The experiment was aimed to study the effects of protein peptide with different pepsin digestibility in vitro (A80,A90) on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility of growing pigs. Experiment 1:300 growing pigs of Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 repeats pre group and 15 pigs per repeat. The pig of group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,that of groups Ⅱ to Ⅴ were fed with basal diet with 1%,2%,3%,4% A80 supplement,respectively. The experiment period lasted for 30 d. Experiment 2:240 growing pigs of Duroc pig×Landrace pig×Yorkshire pig were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 repeats pre group and 15 pigs per repeat. The pig of group Ⅰ was fed with basal diet,that of groups Ⅱ to Ⅳ were fed with basal diet with 1%,2%,3% A90 supplement,respectively. The experiment period lasted for 30 d. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain (F/G) had no significant difference among all groups (P>0.05) in experiment 1. But the ADG had a tendency to reduce with the increase of A80. The DM,CP apparent digestibility of group Ⅱ was significant higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P<0.05),and had no significant difference with group Ⅳ(P>0.05). Digestibility of Ca and P showed a tendency to improve with the increase of A80,but there was no regularity. Experiment 2:With the increase does of A90,ADG was increased firstly and then decreased. The ADG of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ(P<0.05),and had no significant difference with other groups (P>0.05).The ADFI of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05).DM and CP apparent digestibility showed a tendency to decline with the increase dose of A90.In conclusion,A80 had no significant improvement on growth performance and A90 showed a quadratic improvement to pig's growth performance and the best addition percentage of protein hydrolysate in diet was 2% to 3%.     

低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响

本研究选用１８头２８±１日龄断奶的杂交仔猪（平均体重约５．５ｋｇ），研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对早期断奶仔猪腹泻和生产性能的影响。试验结果显示：（１）低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮使仔猪血浆挥发性盐基氨含量、血浆尿素氨含量和腹泻指数降低（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１）。（２）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．３％）的仔猪，其平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）、平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）和料肉比（Ｐ／Ｇ）与采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但前者的增重成本比后者降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）３１％。（３）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１８．４％）的仔猪的生产性能优于采食复合蛋白型对照饲粮（ＣＰ１９．７％）的仔猪，前者的ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ分别提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）６１％和３２％，Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本分别下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）２４％和３７％。（４）采食全植物蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪，其ＡＤＧ和ＡＤＦＩ低于（Ｐ＜０．０１）采食复合蛋白型氨基酸平衡饲粮的仔猪。前者的Ｆ／Ｇ和增重成本趋于高于后者，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。以上结果表明，低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮可显著降低仔猪断奶后腹泻和提高仔猪生产性能。复合蛋白型?     

限饲对辽宁绒山羊生产性能及消化代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究限饲对辽宁绒山羊生产性能及消化代谢的影响。将20只1周岁、体重(22.29±1.05)kg辽宁绒山羊母羊随机分为4个采食水平组,即干物质为基础分别为自由采食100%(AL),以及自由采食组采食量的90%(IR90)、80%(IR80)和70%(IR70)。结果表明:不同限饲水平对绒山羊的体重和日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),日增重随饲喂水平的下降而显著下降,分别为32.20、17.40、10.80 g/d和-8.20 g/d;饲料增重比在AL和IR90两组间无显著差异(P>0.05),其余各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。不同限饲水平对绒山羊的营养物质表观消化率无显著性影响(P>0.05)。不同限饲水平显著影响进食氮、粪氮排出和沉积氮(P<0.05);随限饲水平的下降,沉积氮分别为3.05、2.62、1.87 g/d和1.18 g/d;限饲水平对尿氮的排出和氮的利用率影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,限饲显著影响绒山羊的体重、日增重和氮沉积,辽宁绒山羊育成母羊粗蛋白的维持需要为46.16 g/d,高于NRC(1981)的相同生长阶段山羊蛋白质维持需要量推荐值。     

Voluntary feed intake and growth performance of slow-growing pigs fed on increasing levels of ensiled potato hash meal

The objective of the study was to determine voluntary feed intake and growth performance of Windsnyer pigs fed on increasing levels of potato hash silage meal. Thirty-six growing Windsnyer pigs (19 kg ± 5.59) (mean ± standard deviation (SD)) were individually and randomly assigned to six experimental diets containing 0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 g/kg DM of potato hash silage. Diets containing the potato hash silage were formulated using diet dilution method from 0 g/kg and 400 g/kg. Six pigs were fed on each diet ad libitum for 6 weeks. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed (G/F) ratio, scaled feed intake (SFI) and scaled average daily gain (SADG) were measured weekly. Increasing levels of potato hash silage caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in ADG, G/F ratio and SADG. The ADFI interacted significantly (P < 0.05) with the inclusion level of potato hash silage and week of feeding. Pigs fed on 240 g/kg potato hash silage had greater ADFI in the second, third and fourth week of feeding. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in ADFI. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in ADG and G/F ratio and SADG as the potato hash silage level increased. Using piecewise regression, potato hash silage can be included up to 240 g/kg DM in Windsnyer pigs without undermining growth performance.     

Effect of Pasteurized Colostrum on Growth Performance and Development of Gastrointestinal Tract of Calves

The effects of pasteurized colostrum on growth performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract of calves were studied in this test. Twenty healthy newborn Holstein calves with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups. The calves in control group were fed non-pasteurized colostrum while that in experimental group were fed on pasteurized colostrum. The experiment lasted for 90 days. The body weight,average body gain (ADG),average daily feed intake (ADFI),F/G and diarrhea rate were determined and at 0,30,60 and 90 days old,the body indexes were measured. The results showed that compared with control group,the ADFI and ADG of calves at 90 days old in experimental group were increased 1.74% and 2.33% (P> 0.05),and cannon circumference and body length were increased 2.68% and 1.41% (P> 0.05),while the diarrhea rate and F/G were decreased 0.67% and 2.40% (P> 0.05).There was no significant effect of pasteurized colostrum on the complex stomach weight,small intestine weight and small intestine length (P> 0.05). However,the ratio of complex stomach weight to body weight in control group was significantly higher than that of experimental group (P< 0.05). In conlusion,the pasteurized colostrum had a positive impact on growth performance for calves in 90 days old.     

A Correlation Analysis Between Residual Feed Intake and Slaughter Performances and Meat Quality of Beijing-You Chicken

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) and some production performances including slaughter performance and meat quality. The RFI and production performances from 400 Beijing-You chickens were used to analyze the correlation of these traits. The results showed that the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the average daily gain(ADG)of male chickens were extremely significantly higher than female ones (P<0.01), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01). The percentage of carcass and thigh muscle as well as the redness (a^*) were extremely significantly higher in male chickens than female ones (P<0.01). In male chickens, RFI had positive correlation with FCR, ADFI (P<0.01)and percentage of abdominal fat(P<0.05) and negative correlation with percentage of breast muscle and percentage of thigh muscle(P<0.01). In female chickens, RFI had positive correlation with FCR, ADFI (P<0.01) and ADG (P<0.05), but negative correlation with percentage of thigh muscle (P<0.01). In male chickens, RFI was correlated positively with lightness (L^*) (P<0.01) and chroma (C^*) (P<0.05). While in female chickens, RFI had positive correlation with L^*, yellowness (b^*) (P<0.05), a^* and C^*(P<0.01), but had extremely negative correlation with Hue (H^*) and pH (P<0.01). Therefore, RFI had correlation with some production performances including slaughter performance and meat quality.     

饲料的不同形态与状态对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验采用2×2因子设计,共分4个处理,即粉料和颗粒料2种类型,每种类型2种状态(液态和固态)。试验选用96头(21±1)d断奶的三元(D×L×Y)杂交仔猪,试验期21 d。其中液态料按12∶.5的料水比进行浸泡。试验期间考察仔猪的耗料量、增重、腹泻情况、粪便pH值及木糖吸收情况等,并测定饲料的pH值和淀粉糊化度。结果表明:①与粉料组相比,颗粒料组仔猪平均日增重提高了9.7%(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高了13.5%(P<0.10)。②颗粒料的淀粉糊化度比粉料高15%-16%。③液态组仔猪全期平均日采食量和日增重均高于固态组(P<0.05),分别提高了10.3%和12.9%。④液态料组仔猪血清木糖含量比固态料组高52%(P<0.05),且腹泻程度显著(P<0.05)降低。     

小肽添加剂对生长猪生长性能的影响

试验研究三种不同的小肽添加剂制品对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选用72头初始体重在(34.64±8.32)kg的杜×长×大三元阉公猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪试验各组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽A(小肽A组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽B(小肽B组),基础日粮加50mg/kg小肽C(小肽C组),试验期28d。测定其对生长猪的生长性能的影响,结果表明,与对照组相比,小肽A组、小肽B组和小肽C组的生长猪的平均采食量分别提高了9.8%、7.0%和12.5%(P0.05),平均日增重分别提高了15.8%、12.8%和21.7%(P0.05),料肉比分别降低了5.1%、6.3%和8.5%(P0.05)。     

低聚木糖对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

为了研究低聚木糖(XOS)对生长肥育猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响,试验选取平均体重为30 kg左右的三元杂交猪80头,随机分为8组,每组10头,公、母各占1/2,单栏饲养。试验设对照组、抗生素组,3065 kg阶段100、250和500 g/t XOS组,以及30100 kg阶段100、250和500 g/t XOS组。分别于试验开始和结束时记录每头猪的空腹体重及采食量,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G);于试猪平均体重达100 kg时屠宰采样,测定胴体性状、肉品质和肌肉化学成分。结果表明:与对照组或抗生素组相比,饲粮添加不同剂量的XOS对生长肥育猪的ADFI、ADG、F/G、胴体性状和肉品质均无显著影响(P0.05);3065 kg阶段添加250 g/t XOS可显著增加脾脏指数以及背最长肌粗蛋白质含量(P0.05);30100 kg阶段添加500 g/t XOS可显著增加脾脏指数及背最长肌粗蛋白质含量(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加不同剂量的XOS虽对生长肥育猪的ADFI、ADG、F/G、胴体性状和肉品质等指标影响不显著,但可通过增加肌肉粗蛋白质含量而改善猪肉营养价值;以30100 kg阶段添加500 g/t XOS效果较佳。     

１～２１日龄不同性别北京鸭核黄素需要量的估测

本试验旨在估测 １～２１日龄不同性别北京鸭核黄素的需要量。采用 ２（性别：公、母）×９（饲粮核黄素水平：１．２、３．２、５．２、７．２、９．２、１１．２、１３．２、１５．２、４１．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ）双因子完全随机试验设计,选取体重相近的 １日龄健康的 Ｚ３系北京鸭公鸭和母鸭各 ３６０只,公鸭和母鸭均随机分为 ９组,每组 ５个重复,每个重复 ８只鸭。结果表明：性别对 １～２１日龄北京鸭的平均日增重和料重比有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）,对平均日采食量、血浆核黄素水平以及血浆谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性均无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。饲粮核黄素水平对 １～２１日龄北京鸭平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、血浆核黄素水平以及血浆ＡＬＴ、ＡＳＴ、ＬＤＨ活性均有显著影响（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示,分别以平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比和血浆核黄素水平为评价指标,采用折线模型估测 １～２１日龄北京鸭公鸭核黄素需要量分别为３．３１、３．２４、５．２０、３．８２ｍｇ／ｋｇ,母鸭核黄素需要量分别为 ３．２７、３．１９、３．３３、３．８４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。