大米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对保育猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加大米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对保育猪生长性能的影响。选用72头平均体重为(13.0±0.5)kg的保育猪,随机分成2个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复9头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,大米蛋白粉组在基础饲粮基础上用3.6%大米蛋白粉替代2%鱼粉。预试期3 d,正试期20 d。结果表明:大米蛋白粉组较对照组平均日采食量降低2.67%(P0.05),平均日增重提高1.01%(P0.05),料重比降低3.77%(P0.05),大米蛋白粉组整个试验期腹泻头次数低于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05),每千克增重饲料成本降低0.35元。综上所述,使用大米蛋白粉替代鱼粉不会影响保育猪的生长性能,且能降低成本。     

日粮添加铬对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验选择40头体重、胎次、日龄基本一致的健康仔猪,28日龄断奶,随机分成5组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组将基础日粮中1.5%、1%、0.5%的鱼粉用同等重量的皮革蛋白粉代替,试验Ⅳ组喂基础日粮+0.02%酵母铬,正试期为35天。结果表明:①日粮添加0.02%酵母铬可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(+20.08%,P<0.01);添加皮革蛋白粉各组都显著地提高了仔猪的日增重(0.5%组提高19.51%,P<0.01;1%组提高18.56%,P<0.05;1.5%组提高14.92%,P<0.05)。②日粮添加0.02%酵母铬显著增加了断奶仔猪平均日采食量(P<0.05),而添加皮革蛋白粉的各组则无显著影响(P>0.05)。③添加0.5%皮革蛋白粉饲料利用率显著提高(P<0.05),其余各组都有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

蝇蛆蛋白替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫功能和饲养经济效益的影响

为研究蝇蛆蛋白替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫功能和饲养经济效益的影响,试验选用180头28日龄健康断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,两试验组以蝇蛆蛋白分别替代基础日粮中50%和100%鱼粉。试验期28 d。结果表明:断奶后1~14 d,与对照组相比,50%蝇蛆蛋白替代组料肉比显著提高(P0.05);100%蝇蛆蛋白替代组平均日增重(ADG)降低,料肉比提高(P0.05)。断奶后15~28 d,与对照组相比,蝇蛆蛋白替代鱼粉对生产性能无显著影响(P0.05);但与50%替代组相比,蝇蛆蛋白替代100%鱼粉降低了仔猪平均日增重,提高了料肉比(P0.05)。试验全期,各组间仔猪生产性能无显著差异(P0.05),但蝇蛆蛋白替代50%鱼粉降低了仔猪腹泻频率,提高了外周血液T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞阳性率(P0.05),蝇蛆蛋白替代100%鱼粉降低了腹泻频率,提高了外周血液T淋巴细胞阳性率(P0.05),且50%替代组单位增重成本最低。由此可见,蝇蛆蛋白可改善断奶仔猪健康状况,蝇蛆蛋白替代50%鱼粉提高了仔猪生产性能和饲养经济效益。     

酵母蛋白粉与血浆蛋白粉在乳仔猪日粮中应用效果的研究

本试验旨在研究乳仔猪日粮中添加喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉和酵母蛋白粉对其生产性能、断奶后腹泻率以及血清免疫指标的影响。试验选择18窝乳猪随机分为3组,每组6窝。处理1日粮中添加5%血浆蛋白粉,处理2日粮中添加5%酵母蛋白粉,处理3日粮中添加2.5%血浆蛋白粉+2.5%酵母蛋白粉;试验分7~25日龄断奶和25~40日龄2个阶段。结果表明:酵母蛋白粉替代血浆蛋白后,各处理日增重、采食量和饲料增重比方面均无显著性差异(P>0.05);处理2和处理3的仔猪腹泻率比处理1分别降低了37.93%和21.86%;3个处理组血清中免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM和IgA)水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,乳仔猪料中可以使用酵母蛋白粉部分或全部替代血浆蛋白粉。     

活性酵母在肉鸡日粮中的应用效果初探

选择1日龄岭南黄肉雏鸡1000羽,随机分成5个处理组,每组设4个重复,每个重复50羽(公母各半)。各处理组肉鸡日粮分别添加活性酵母菌0×107(对照)、0.5×107、1×107、2×107、4×107CFU/g。结果显示,肉鸡日粮中添加活性酵母1×107CFU/g或2×107CFU/g可显著提高肉鸡肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶的活性(P<0.05)。活性酵母显示出提高肉鸡平均日增重、降低耗料增重比的作用,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。盲肠内容物微生物检测结果提示,日粮中添加活性酵母有改善肉鸡肠道微生态环境的趋势。     

不同剂量血浆蛋白粉对肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

本试验选用300只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验前期(1～21d)5个处理分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+50mg/kg金霉素和含有0.5%、2.5%、5.0%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,试验后期(22～49d)各处理组均饲喂基础日粮。结果表明,添加0.5%SDPP极显著提高前期平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01);SDPP显著提高后期和全期ADG和ADFI,但后期和全期各处理间F/G差异不显著(P>0.05);0.5%SDPP组肉鸡全期的生产成绩高于2.5%和5.0%SDPP组(P>0.05)。血浆蛋白粉可提高Ea、Et、脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P>0.05);2.5%、5.0%SDPP组淋巴细胞转化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),0.5%SDPP组淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2.5%SDPP组的法氏囊指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。     

不同蛋白质源组合对保育猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验将鱼粉、血浆蛋白粉、酵母粉、肠膜蛋白粉按一定比例组合添加到饲粮中,旨在对比研究不同蛋白质源组合对保育猪生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选用初始体重为(6.36±0.20)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交保育猪108头,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复6头猪。3组保育猪分别饲喂含1.5%血浆蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉(A组,作为对照组)、3.0%肠膜蛋白粉+5.0%鱼粉(B组)、2.0%酵母粉+2.0%肠膜蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉(C组)的饲粮,预试期3 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:1)B组的平均日采食量和平均日增重均显著低于A和C组(P<0.05),与A组相比,C组的平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高1.76%和8.13%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在料重比方面,B和C组与A组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05),但C组显著低于B组(P<0.05)。2)血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮含量与白球比以及谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性3组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与A组相比,B组钱重比增加13.47%(P>0.05),C组钱重比降低5.22%(P>0.05)。由此可见,2.0%酵母粉+2.0%肠膜蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉组合在提高保育猪生长性能、经济效益方面效果最好,1.5%血浆蛋白粉+2.0%鱼粉组合效果次之,而3.0%肠膜蛋白粉+5.0%鱼粉组合相比之下效果较差。     

大豆酶解蛋白改善断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道健康的研究

为了探明大豆酶解蛋白替代仔猪饲粮中血浆蛋白粉、肠膜蛋白或鱼粉的功效。研究选择28 d断奶三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪320头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复20头。分别饲喂:处理1组:3%血浆蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理2组(无血浆蛋白质):9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理3组(无肠膜蛋白):4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理4(无鱼粉):3.5%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白日粮。试验期28 d,于试验14 d直肠取粪便测定微生物,28 d采集血液测定血清抗体水平。研究结果证明:与常规的血浆-肠膜-鱼粉日粮相比,9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉的无血浆蛋白粉日粮,可以获得完全相同的增重和腹泻率(P0.05),但是,采食量和料重比显著降低(P0.05);4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%鱼粉的无肠膜蛋白日粮处理提高了日增重,降低了料重比和腹泻率(P0.05);3.5%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%肠膜的无鱼粉日粮处理获得了最高的试验期末体重、日增重和采食量,显著降低了料重比和腹泻率(P0.05)。仔猪成活率处理之间均没有显著影响(P0.05)。4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%鱼粉的日粮组获得了最低的大肠杆菌总数;9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉组获得了最高的乳酸菌总数。无大豆酶解蛋白日粮组的大肠杆菌总数最多,乳酸菌总数最少。9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉组获得了最高的IgA和IgM抗体水平(P0.05)。由此证明,使用9%的大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮中3%的血浆蛋白粉,4%的大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮3%的肠膜蛋白质,3.5%大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮中3%的鱼粉。大豆酶解蛋白替代血浆蛋白粉可以改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,调节肠道菌群,增加免疫力。     

酵母精华替代阿美拉霉素对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响

本试验选用1日龄黄羽肉鸡384羽,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组为阿美拉霉素组,试验组在基础日粮上分别添加100、200、400 g/t酵母精华。通过饲养试验考察酵母精华替代阿美拉霉素对黄羽肉鸡生长性能指标(平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比、死淘率)以及新城疫抗体水平的影响。结果表明:同等添加量(100 g/t)情况下,与阿美拉霉素组相比,酵母精华组黄羽肉鸡生长性能参数无显著差异(P0.05),添加400 g/t酵母精华42日龄黄羽肉鸡体重显著提高13.35%,死淘率降低4.91%;同时,酵母精华组黄羽肉鸡新城疫抗体水平显著提高(P0.05)。综上,酵母精华在饲料中替代阿美拉霉素,对黄羽肉鸡生长性能无负面影响,同时可增强黄羽肉鸡免疫水平。     

Utilization of unpeeled cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal supplemented with or without charcoal by broiler chickens

A 42‐day feeding trial was conducted using 480‐day‐old, male Marshall broilers to study the utilization of unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM) supplemented with or without 6 g/kg charcoal. The experimental design was laid out in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments having three inclusion levels of UCRM (0, 100 and 200 g/kg) with or without 6 g/kg charcoal supplementation. Each treatment consisted of 80 birds replicated eight times with 10 birds per replicate. Main effect of inclusion level of UCRM and supplementation of charcoal showed reduced (p < 0.05) final live weight, weight gain, feed intake and apparent crude protein digestibility of the birds with increasing inclusion levels of UCRM. Birds fed diets supplemented with charcoal showed higher (p < 0.05) final live weight, weight gain and feed intake than birds fed diets without charcoal. Supplementation of charcoal in diet containing 100 g/kg UCRM resulted in improved (p < 0.05) weight gain when compared with birds fed similar diet but not supplemented with charcoal. Broilers fed diet containing no UCRM but supplemented with charcoal had the highest overall (p < 0.05) final live weight and weight gain, while birds fed diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM supplemented with charcoal recorded the poorest (p < 0.05) final live weight and weight gain. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum thiocyanate concentration increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion levels of UCRM. Dietary supplementation of charcoal resulted in increased (p < 0.05) concentration of serum glucose and cholesterol and reduced (p < 0.05) SGOT concentration. Birds fed diets containing UCRM had high (p < 0.05) serum thiocyanate concentration irrespective of dietary supplementation or not with 6 g/kg charcoal. In conclusion, supplementation of diet containing up to 100 g/kg UCRM with 6 g/kg charcoal showed improved weight gain without any deleterious effect on serum metabolites.     

新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中以新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代基础饲料中20%、40%、60%、80%、100%的鱼粉,制成6种等氮等能的饲料(分别记为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅵ为对照组),饲养泥鳅50 d,通过比较各饲料组泥鳅的生长性能和抗氧化指标,研究新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响。试验结果表明,随着饲料中新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料比例的增加,泥鳅增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)呈先上升后逐渐平稳的趋势,其中Ⅲ组达到最大值,并显著高于Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代不同比例鱼粉对泥鳅肌肉的常规成分并无显著影响(P>0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清和肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),血清溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清和肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,泥鳅配合饲料中新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉的比例为60%时能提高泥鳅的生长性能和非特异性免疫功能。     

氧化鱼粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、消化道结构和功能的影响

本试验旨在探索氧化的鱼粉蛋白质对肉仔鸡生长性能、消化道结构和功能的影响。选用健康、体重相近的1日龄肉公鸡180只,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。3个组分别饲喂对照饲粮(CON组)、含2%正常鱼粉饲粮(FM组)和含2%氧化鱼粉饲粮(OFM组),试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与CON组与FM组相比,OFM组显著降低肉仔鸡体重和平均日增重(P0.05),显著提高肉仔鸡料重比(P0.05);2)与CON组与FM组相比,OFM组肉仔鸡出现持续的腹泻症状,且14和21日龄肉仔鸡粪便p H显著降低(P0.05),粪便中水分含量显著提高(P0.05);3)对于21日龄肉仔鸡回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度,3个组间无显著差异(P0.05);4)肉仔鸡嗉囊中谷胱甘肽、氧化型谷胱甘肽、脂质过氧化物和丙二醛含量和谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽值在3个组间无显著差异(P0.05),而OFM组与CON组和FM组相比显著提高了肉仔鸡回肠中脂质过氧化物和丙二醛含量(P0.05)。结果提示,氧化鱼粉对肉仔鸡回肠形态结构没有显著影响,但显著破坏了回肠的氧化还原平衡状态,造成肉仔鸡腹泻,影响消化道的功能,显著降低早期肉仔鸡的生长性能。     

豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白替代部分鱼粉对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

分别采用豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白替代饲料中33%、66%和100%鱼粉(对照组鱼粉10%)配制与对照组等氮、等能、等赖氨酸、等蛋氨酸和有效磷的试验饲料(其中豌豆分离蛋白用量3%、6%和9%,豌豆浓缩蛋白用量4.5%、9%和13.5%),饲养初始体重(18.53±0.35)g的建鲤75 d。结果表明:豌豆分离蛋白替代100%鱼粉组增重和特定生长率显著高于、饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其余处理组与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。两种豌豆蛋白替代鱼粉对成活率、肥满度和肠长指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著影响肝胰脏指数,其中豌豆分离蛋白替代100%鱼粉组和豌豆浓缩蛋白组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。豌豆浓缩蛋白替代100%鱼粉组可观察到对适口性有不良影响。由上述结果可得出,豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白均可作为鲤鱼料的蛋白源,本试验条件下,以生长性能为标识结合适口性推荐豌豆分离蛋白可完全替代鱼粉,适宜用量9%;豌豆浓缩蛋白可替代33%鱼粉,适宜用量4.5%。     

不同蛋白源日粮对肉鸡生长性能、酶活及胫骨特征的影响

文章旨在评估肉鸡在不同生长阶段饲喂不同蛋白源日粮对其生长性能、小肠酶活和胫骨特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（43.55±0.36）g的400只商品肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。试验分为1～14?d和15～28?d两个试验阶段,T1组肉鸡在1～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T2组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T3组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂菜粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T4组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,T5组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂菜粕型日粮。结果：T3和T4组肉鸡1～14?d平均日增重和采食量显著高于T1和T2组,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～14?d料重比最低（P＜0.05）。T1和T5组肉鸡小肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T3和T4组肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T1组肉鸡小肠糜蛋白酶活性最低（P＜0.05）。T2组胫骨灰分含量较其他组分别显著提高了9.65%、13.64%、15.74%和17.92%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,肉鸡在生长初期（1～14?d）饲喂菜粕型日粮可以显著改善采食量和日增重。 [关键词]蛋白源饲料|肉鸡|生长性能|酶活|胫骨特征     

Replacement of fish meal protein by surimi by‐product protein in the diet of blue gourami Trichogaster trichopterus fingerlings

Based on the nutrient requirement of Trichogaster trichopterus, a fish meal–based basal diet with 350 g/kg diet crude protein and 16.7 MJ/kg energy was formulated, in which the fish meal protein was replaced by surimi by‐product protein at 0.0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels. The formulated diets were fed ad libitum to T. trichopterus fingerlings (4.80 ± 0.03 g) in triplicate groups for 45 days in a closed water system. Eighteen fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks with 200 l of water were used for rearing the fish. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed/gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio, nutrient retention and digestibility (protein and energy) of fish were not affected (p > 0.05) up to 50% fish meal protein replacement level by surimi by‐product protein. While whole‐body protein content of fish was marginally decreased, the lipid content was increased with increase in surumi by‐product incorporation level in the diet. The study results suggest that the fish meal protein, which is scarce and costly nowadays, could be replaced up to 50% by surimi by‐product protein in the diet of blue gourami without hampering the growth and nutrient utilization of fish.     

Dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted and fermented soybean meals with taurine supplementation for pompano fish: effects on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and biological parameters in a long-term feeding period

A 16-wk growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal by defatted soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with taurine supplementation on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) and biological parameters of pompano fish. The FSBM was produced by fermenting SBM with Lactobacillus spp. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 35% or 50% of fish meal by SBM or FSBM with taurine supplementation. The diets are denoted as follows: FM, SBM35, SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50, SBM50T, and FSBM50T. The FM (the basal diet) contained fish meal as a main source of dietary protein. Taurine was supplemented to SBM35T, FSBM35T, SBM50T, and FSBM50T at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Pompano juveniles with an initial body weight (BW) of 80 g reared in floating net cages were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 16 wk. Results showed that the final BW, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were significantly lower than those of fish fed FM (P < 0.05), indicating that the replacement of fish meal by SBM at the rate of 35% in the diet is excessive for pompano. Supplementation of taurine to the SBM-included diets significantly increased growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05); however, these diets did not restore the performance back to a level equivalent to that of fish offered the basal diet. Meanwhile, fish fed FSBM35T had comparable growth and feed performances to those fed FM. Hematocrit values, total biliary bile acid levels, whole body lipid contents, and tissue taurine concentrations of fish fed SBM35 and SBM50 were the lowest among the treatments, but these parameters were improved by taurine supplementation and FSBM inclusion in the diet. Taurine supplementation increased lipid ADC, and SBM fermentation slightly enhanced both lipid and protein ADCs of the fish. These findings suggest that the combination of FSBM and taurine supplementation is an effective way to improve growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biological parameters, and that FSBM with taurine supplementation can replace 35% of fish meal in pompano diets without any negative effects on growth and feed performances in a long-term feeding period.     

Comparison of low-glycoalkaloid potato protein and fish meal as protein sources for weaner piglets

A total of 32 weaner piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 9.6±1.2 kg, and 29.8±2.7 days of age, were used in a 28-day growth assay to compare low-glycoalkaloid potato protein with fish meal as the main protein source. The piglets were housed pair-wise in pens and were fed semi-ad libitum. During feeding the piglets were separated allowing individual feeding within the pen. Four diets were tested with varying proportions of a high quality fish meal (F) and low-glycoalkaloid potato protein (P): diet A (10% F); diet B (5% F and 5% P); diet C (2.5% F and 7.5% P) and diet D (10% P). On average, in weeks 1–4, the piglets on diets C and D had higher feed intakes (17%; P<0.01) and daily weight gains (18%; P<0.05) than the piglets on diets A and B. There was no effect of diet (P>0.05) on feed conversion. It can be concluded from the present study that low-glycoalkaloid potato protein can completely replace high quality fish meal in diets for weaner pigs. The improved feed intake and daily gain with increasing inclusion suggests that low-glycoalkaloid potato protein may be superior to fish meal as a protein source for weaner pigs.     

酶解羽毛粉的体外蛋白质消化率及其在生长猪日粮中的应用效果

试验旨在测定酶解羽毛粉的体外蛋白质消化率,同时研究酶解羽毛粉替代日粮中鱼粉对生长猪生产性能和蛋白质消化率的影响。体外试验采用胃蛋白酶-胰酶水解法对水解羽毛粉和酶解羽毛粉进行消化测定其蛋白质消化率。饲养试验选用135头体重相近的杜×长×大生长猪,随机分成3组,分别为对照组(3%秘鲁鱼粉组),处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ(酶解羽毛粉50%和100%替代秘鲁鱼粉)。结果表明:酶解羽毛粉体外蛋白质消化率比水解羽毛粉提高了15.38%(P<0.05)。处理组平均日增重和平均日采食量与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05);饲料增重比及蛋白质消化率也与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结合生产性能试验与经济效益分析,酶解羽毛粉100%等蛋白替代秘鲁鱼粉组为最佳,在生产实践中具备实用性和可行性。     

克鲁假丝酵母对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血液指标及粪尿除臭的影响

克鲁假丝酵母(Candida krusei,LSA)是本研究团队从鸡粪中筛选出的一株具有氨氮降解能力的酵母菌。本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的LSA对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、血液指标及粪尿除臭的影响。选用1日龄健康的爱拔益加(AA)肉公鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复10只。对照组饲喂无抗生素添加的基础饲粮,3个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.0×107、1.0×10~8和1.0×10~9CFU/kg LSA。试验期42 d,全期自由采食和饮水。结果表明:1)各组肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、平均体重及料重比均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加LSA对肉鸡胸腺指数和法氏囊指数没有显著影响(P0.05),但添加1.0×10~8CFU/kg LSA显著提高了肉鸡脾脏指数(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加LSA显著降低了血清中尿酸及血浆中氨含量(P0.05),但对血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白等生化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。4)饲粮中添加LSA对粪尿含水量、总氮含量无显著影响(P0.05),但添加1.0×10~8CFU/kg LSA显著降低了粪尿氨氮含量(P0.05)。由此可见,LSA对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官及血液指标无不良影响;饲粮中添加LSA可以提高肉鸡免疫功能,改善机体的氮代谢,减少粪尿中氨氮的含量,降低环境污染。