显齿蛇葡萄细胞悬浮培养研究

研究了显齿蛇葡萄细胞悬浮培养的基本条件,同时测定了悬浮液中二氢杨梅素的含量。确定了细胞悬浮培养的基本条件是:取继代培养4代之后的愈伤组织接种,以12.5 g/L的接种量接种在附加6-BA(2.0 m g/L),2,4-D(1.0 m g/L),NAA(0.5 m g/L)的M S培养基上,添加100 m l/L的椰子汁,起始pH 5.8,110 r/m in,光照强度为250~350 Lx,光照培养12h/d,25±1℃下培养6 d。经过优化培养之后的悬浮液中二氢杨梅素含量为0.829 g/mL。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌TWC2发酵条件的优化

为了提高解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TWC2菌株活性代谢物质的产量,以菌体生物量和发酵液拮抗甘蔗赤腐病菌(Colletotrichum falcatum Went.)活性为指标,采用单因素和正交试验的方法对TWC2菌株发酵培养基成分和发酵条件进行优化。结果表明,TWC2菌株最佳发酵培养基组成为:5 g/L麦芽糖,10 g/L果糖,10 g/L蛋白胨,10 g/L酵母浸出粉,1 g/L CaCl_2。最适发酵条件为:培养温度34℃,摇床转速200 r/min,发酵起始pH 6.0~6.5,接种量7%,装液量40 mL/250 mL,发酵时间为48 h。在最佳发酵培养基和培养条件下,发酵液抑制甘蔗赤腐病菌的能力较优化前提高了39.91%。     

番木瓜优质组培苗生产体系的建立

用含有100mg/LVc＋1mg/LAgNO;+20mg/LPVP液体处理成龄番木瓜（CricappayaL）侧芽,再用70%酒精浸泡50s、0.15%升汞消毒5min,经消毒的外植体接种于MS+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L+GA31.0mg/L＋30g/L蔗糖+7g/L琼脂（pH=5.7）,26~28℃,每日光照培养12h,光照强度为15001x,连续培养20d;外植体经初始培养后,继代接种于MS＋BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+GA,1.0mg/L+蔗糖30gL＋琼脂7g/L（pH=5.7）,26~28℃,每日光照培养16h,光照强度为2000Ix,连续培养40d,繁殖系数达3~5倍;继代芽接种MS+BA0.2mg/L+KT0.3mg/L+NAA0.Img/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+GA;1.0 mg/L+ADS40mg/L＋蔗糖30g/L＋琼脂7g/L（pH=5.7）,26~28℃,每日光照培养16h,光照强度为20001x,连续培养20d进行壮苗培养,经壮苗培养芽接种于MS+KT0.1~0.2mg/L+ NAA0.05~0.1mg/L+ IBA0.2-0.3mg/L+蔗糖20~30gL+琼脂6.5g/L（pH=5.6）,26~28℃,每日光照培养12h,光照强度为1500kx,连续培养 15~20d 进行催根培养,生根率达85%以上。生根苗经2~3d的自然光炼苗后,移栽于沙土∶椰糠∶菜园土质量比为1∶1∶1 混和的基质中,移苗后1周内,每天喷施浓度为200～400mg/L的IBA,移栽成活率达80%以上。笔者就目前番木瓜组培快繁中的问题作了系统的研究,建立了一套适合番木瓜优质种苗生产的技术体系。     

防治眼菌蚊Bt.菌株的筛选与培养条件优化

通过11株Bt.菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的室内毒力测定试验,得出91019菌株对平菇厉眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫有较高的毒力效果,其发酵原液和250倍稀释液对平菇厉眼蕈蚊3龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别达到93.10%和82.76%。通过正交试验对91019菌株的各培养条件进行优化,得出理论最佳培养基组分及培养条件为:玉米粉1.0%、黄豆饼粉2.5%、酵母粉2.0%、鱼粉2.0%、蛋白胨0.4%,KH2PO4 0.5 g/L,CaCO3 4.0 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5 g/L,ZnSO4.7H2O 0.02 g/L;接种量2.0%、pH7.0、装液量25 mL、培养温度25℃。     

嗜热脂肪土芽孢杆菌CHB1的5 L发酵罐发酵条件初探

优化嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌CHB1的5 L发酵罐发酵条件。通过单因素法优化发酵罐的通气量、转速、温度、pH等参数，并测定CHB1在5 L发酵罐中的生长曲线。结果表明，最佳发酵条件为：转速180 r/min、通气量6 L/min、发酵温度58 ℃、接种量4％，发酵过程自动流加乙酸控制pH值为8.0，培养21 h。采用自动流加乙酸控制pH值的方法，效果显著，控制pH值为8.0时，发酵效果最好，细胞生物量高达6.07×108 cfu/mL，约是不控制pH值发酵的对照组（3.5×108 cfu/mL）的2倍。     

石牌广藿香的细胞悬浮培养

以石牌广藿香无菌苗幼嫩叶片为外植体,通过愈伤组织诱导和培养、筛选及细胞的液体培养,在含0.05 mg/L 2,4-D和0.5 mg/L KT的MS液体培养基中获得了分散性良好的悬浮细胞,建立了广藿香细胞悬浮培养体系.研究培养基中植物生长调节剂、继代培养时间等因素对细胞生长、分化的影响.结果表明:0.05 mg/L2,4-D和0.5 mg/L KT能促进细胞的快速生长,而0.5～1.0 mg/L BA促进细胞的分化;以继代培养时间为15～18 d细胞进行接种,接种量8 g/100 mL时,悬浮细胞到达最大生长量,细胞鲜重最高达到511.2 g/L.     

海南龙血树的组织培养与快速繁殖

以海南龙血树的顶芽和侧芽作为外植体,把其接种于MS＋BA1mg/L＋NAA0．1mgg/L＋PVP100 mg/L＋蔗糖30g／L培养基上培养40-50d可诱导其腋芽萌发,再把萌发后所形成的新芽切割下来接种于MS＋BA 2mg／L＋KT 0．5mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L的培养基上培养25-30d可诱导形成丛生芽,丛生芽在继代培养过程中每25-30d可增殖3～5倍。把丛生芽分割成单株并接种于MS＋BA3mg厂L＋GA,1mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L培养基上培养4周后使其壮苗后再接种于MS＋NAA0．5～1．0mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L培养基上培养4周可诱导小芽形成完整的根系,小植株移栽成活率可达98％。该体系的建立为海南龙血树的工厂化育苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

相思树悬浮细胞培养及其细胞形态学观察

试验分析了基因型、愈伤组织类型、2,4-D 浓度、蔗糖浓度,起始接种量等各因素对相思树悬浮细胞培养的影响。结果表明：选择淡黄色,质地鲜嫩松脆的愈伤组织作为相思树悬浮培养的材料,能较快地建立起悬浮细胞系。黑木相思细胞小,胚性强,分散性好,最容易建立起悬浮细胞系。当蔗糖浓度为 30 g/L,2,4-D 浓度为 0.5 mg/L时,适宜于悬浮细胞的保持。起始接种量对相思悬浮细胞系生长也有很大影响,从保持悬浮细胞系的角度看,每瓶 25 mL 培养基中适宜的接种量为 0.5~1.0 g。台湾相思悬浮细胞培养周期以 7 d 继代 1 次,卷荚相思悬浮细胞培养周期以 8~10 d 为宜。同时,通过对悬浮细胞培养的显微观察可以看出不同基因型的相思树悬浮细胞,其细胞生长状态各不相同。     

蔗糖发酵右旋糖酐工艺条件的优化

本文研究了肠膜明串珠菌Lm-31208以蔗糖为底物发酵生产右旋糖酐的工艺条件,通过优化培养基的碳源、氮源、pH、温度、接种量等,实现较高的蔗糖转化率和右旋糖酐产率。结果表明：当培养基蔗糖浓度为210g／L、蛋白胨浓度为2．Ogre、接种量为10％时,在5L全自动发酵罐中发酵,控制pH6．5、温度为25℃、转速100rpm,发酵到20h时,蔗糖转化率达到90％左右。     

甘蔗健康种苗培育体系的建立

通过热处理、温热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养建立有效的甘蔗(Saccharum L.)健康种苗生产的技术体系。以经过热处理和温热处理的甘蔗带芽茎段萌生的腋芽为外植体,取其茎尖分生组织接种于MS BA1.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L PVP200mg/L 蔗糖30g/L的培养基上培养10￣20d可诱导其产生完整的小芽,再把产生的新芽切割下来接种于MS 6BA1.0mg/L KT0.5mg/L 蔗糖30g/L的培养基上培养20d后便可形成由3￣5个芽组成的丛生芽,丛生芽在继代培养过程中每15￣20d可增殖3￣5倍。把丛生芽分割成单株并接种于1/2MS NAA1mg/L 蔗糖20g/L培养基上培养10￣20d可诱导小芽形成完整的根系,小植株移栽成活率可达98%。植株生长健壮、整齐、无变异,经分子检测证明小植株能脱去宿根矮化病和花叶病的病原。该体系的建立为甘蔗健康种苗的工厂化育苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.